THE POLYGRAPH

EXAMINATION
IDEAL POLYGRAPH
EXAMINATION ROOM
Whenever possible to do so,
a specially equipped and
furnished room should be set
aside for polygraph
examinations. It must have a
one-way mirror and a
concealed microphone so
that a person or persons in
the observation room may
hear as well as see what
occurs in the examination
room.
 It must be spacious for two
persons.
 It must be well-lighted.
 It must not be decorated. It
must be 90% sound proof.
 Must be well-ventilated.

THE EXAMINATION ROOM

1. Lie-detector test should be
conducted in a quiet private
room
2. Select a room with none of
the usual police
surroundings and with no
distraction within the
subject's view.
3. Select a room without any
windows at all.
4. The interrogation room
should contain no
ornaments, pictures or other
objects which would distract
the attention of the person
being tested or interviewed.
5. This suggestion refers to
the presence within the
subject's reach of small
loose objects such as
papers, clips, or pencils that
he may be inclined to pack
up and further distract during
the course of the
interrogation.
(EFFECT)-Tension relieving
activities of this sort detract
from the effectiveness of this
interrogation, especially
during the critical phase
when a guilty subject may be
trying desperately to
suppress an urge to confess.
6. Estrange noise such as
the ringing of a telephone or
the conversation of persons
outside the examination
room, of the presence of the
arresting officers or other
spectators in the room itself,
may produce disturbances
and distractions which will
interfere with a satisfactory
diagnosis of deception.

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF
POLYGRAPH
EXAMINATION
1. To ascertain if a person is
telling the truth by verifying a
statement or comparing
contradictory statement
2. Obtain additional
investigative leads to the
facts of an offense.
3. Locate fruits or tools of the
crime or whereabouts of the
wanted person.
4. Eliminate innocent
suspects, which is the most
important.

CONDITIONS OF THE
SUBJECT TO BE
CONSIDERED FIT FOR
POLYGRAPH
EXAMINATION
1. The subject must have a
good night sleep before the
test.
2. Subject must refrain from
smoking for at least 2 hours
before the test.
3. Must be free from physical
and sexual abuse.
4. The subject must not be
interrogated for a prolonged
period.
5. Must refrain from the use
of alcohol and drugs for at
least 12 hours. before the
test.
6. Subject must not be
hungry.
7. Must not be suffering from
illness, fever, cold, cough,
allergy, etc.
8. Must not be highly
nervous.
9. Female subject must be
free from menstrual cycle.
10. He/she must not have
sex indulgence before the
test

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
OF THE SUBJECT
1. To be informed of his right
to remain silent.
2. Right to have a competent
and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice.
3. Has the right against self-
incrimination.

PURPOSE OF TAKING
WRITTEN STATEMENT OF
CONSENT
1. The examiner has a legal
basis that no human violation
is committed
2. That the subject voluntarily
submitted himself to undergo
a polygraph examination.
3 It is an arm against
harassment.

QUALITIES OF AN
EFFECTIVE POLYGRAPH
EXAMINER
1. Technically, he must have
complete knowledge of the
instrument and its
capabilities and limitations;
the most modern polygraph
technique, proficiency in the
conduct of polygraph
examinations; test
construction; and chart study
and research.
2. Morally, he must have a
sincere desire to be a
polygraph examiner in its
strictest sense, by devoting
himself to the polygraph
profession through
maintenance of high
personal integrity and
increasing own proficiency
through constant study and
research.
3. He always bears in mind
his primary obligation to his
subject, that is to afford him
all possible safeguards
against errors and must
never accept for a polygraph
examination, any subject
who is not physically or
mentally fit.
4. He must be an impartial
seeker of truth by examining
professionally and
ethically, and never allow
prejudice to influence the
result of the examination

RESPONSIBILITIES OF
THE INVESTIGATOR TO
THE SUBJECT
1. Learn enough about the
polygraph so that he can
speak openly and freely to
the person about the test.
The subject may know very
little or may have been
misinformed about it.
2. Not reveal details of an
offense which may be
utilized in the application of a
"peak of tension".
3. Suggest the test as a
means to indicate the
subject's innocence.
4. Stress the test's capability
of indicating whether the
person is telling the truth
through the recorded
responses.
5. Assure the subject that the
examiner is qualified and
impartial to all persons
involved in the case.
6. Avoid any claim for the
instrument or examiner that
is not backed by facts.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF
POLYGRAPH EXAMINER
TO HIS SUBJECT
1. A polygraph examiner
recognizes the fact that his
primary responsibility must
be on the person who has
voluntarily submitted himself
for the polygraph
examination.
2. He should always advise
the subject of his
constitutional rights against
self-incrimination before
conducting any examination.
3. He should see to it that
the instrument he utilizes is
in good working condition
and that he makes a
permanent simultaneous
recording on cardiovascular
and respiratory changes.
4. He should first administer
at least two or more charts
before rendering a definitive
verbal or written opinion
based on chart analysis.
5. He should be familiar with
5he techniques and
procedures employed before
offering any testimony
concerning the charts or
conclusion presented by
another examiner.
GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
When conducting the
polygraph examination:
1. In order to conduct a
satisfactory lie-detector test,
kit is advisable for the
examiner to obtain from the
investigators interested in
the case, all the available
facts and circumstances
forming the basis of the
accusation or suspicion
directed against the person
to be examined
2. This will include, of
course, the details of the
case itself. Such information
is essential to the examiner
so that he will be in a
position to know questions
should be asked of the
subject during the test
3. The subject who is about
to be tested should be
informed of the nature of the
test and purpose of it. The
instrument should be pointed
out to him as one which is
capable of
determining whether or not a
person is telling the truth
about a given matter He
should be informed that it
records certain bodily
changes and that the
instrument will not cause any
4. The writer made it a
practice, at this point in the
proceeding to tell the subject
somewhat as follows: "If you
are telling the truth, you have
nothing to worry about, this
instrument will indicate you
are telling the truth, and I'll
report the fact to the officers
who requested me to make
the test. The machine itself
will show it; and I'll tell you
so, and then I'll ask you to let
me hear the truth. That is fair
enough, isn't it? And you
don't mind taking the test, do
you?"
5. Experience has indicated
that such statement tends to
relieve the emotional
tensions in a person who is
telling the truth, and at the
same time they offer no relief
to the liar. Moreover, the
asking of as regarding the
subject's consent has proved
worthwhile in those cases
where the criminal
confessions are obtained as
a result of the test

IMPORTANT REMINDERS
1.Do not wait until the last
minute to ask a person to
take the test.
2.Do not tell the subject
everything that you know
about the offense or about
him.
3.Do not fail to investigate
the case before you ask a
person to take a test.
4.If for some reasons, it must
be temporarily taken ,the
investigator must continue
investigating the case.
5.Do not depend on mass
screening of possible
suspects to produce a real or
the guilty one.
6. Do not tell anyone that the
lie detector will decide
whether one is innocent or
guilty. The court will make
the decisions.
7. If the test indicate that the
person did not tell the truth
or if the person confesses
after the test, do not think
that the investigation is over.
FOUR (4) PHASES OF
POLYGRAPH
EXAMINATION
PHASE 1 (PRELIMINARY
PREPARATIONS) - INITIAL
INTERVIEW
This stage includes obtaining
and evaluation of facts,
determining the areas the
subjects needs to be asked
and the investigator must
furnish the examiner of the
following.
A. Sworn statement of the
suspect/witnesses/victim/co
mplainant, incident, or spot
report, B.I. Of thd suspect,
witnesses, and victim/
complainants, rough sketch
or picture of the crime scene
and other facts such as
specific article and exact
amount of money stolen.
B. Peculiar aspect of the
offense or any strange set.
C. Exact time the offense
was committed.
D. Known facts about the
suspect's action or
movement.
E. Facts indicating any
connection between the
suspects, victim,and
witnesses,
F. Exact type of weapon,tool
or firearms used.
G. Result of laboratory test.
H. Unpublished facts of the
offense known only by the
victim, suspects,and the
investigator.

B. Pre-test interview
The pre-test interview is
conducted between the
examiner and the subject.
This phase includes
1.The appraisal of the
subject's Constitutional
Right.
2.Obtain subject's consent to
undergo polygraph test by
signing a statement of
consent.
3.The taking of personal data
of the subject.
4.Determine the suitability as
a subject
5.Clinical observation of the
subject
6.Evaluating the
psychological preparation of
the subject
7.Informing the subject of his
involvement of the offense
8.To obtain his written
consent, he must be
voluntarily and freely given.
The following are the
detailed outline of the pre-
test interview which has
been found to be effective.
A. As examiner enters the
waiting room to request the
subject to accompany him
into the examination room,
the greeting which the
examiner extends should be
cordial, but firm.
B. Upon entering the
examination room, the
subject should be requested
to sit down in a chair
alongside the instrument,
and immediately thereafter
the examiner should proceed
to the taking of the consent
of the subject.
C. Then fill up the necessary
data asked in the
Interrogation log.
D. After wards require from
the subject whether he has
been on a lie detector test
before. No further comment
should be made by the
examiner, but he should
listen carefully to whether the
subject himself may say.
E. If the subject has not told
of the purpose of hid
appearance in the testing
laboratories, the examiner
should explain that a lie
detector test is desired of
him as part of the
investigation regarding the
case. Much time should be
spent in the preliminary
interview as the
circumstances reasonably
warrants.

3. PHASE III ( THE

EXAMINATION/INSTRUME
NTAL TEST ) - The conduct
of Instrumentation And
Actual Test.
a. Upon Completion of the
necessary preliminary
preparation the instruments
are attached to the subject.
b. The blood pressure pulse
cuff is wrapped around
snugly around the subject's
upper arm and the
pneumograph tube adjusted
around the chest.
c. If female subjects or
around the body, if male
subject around the torso of
the male subject.
d. The cuff is then inflated to
a point approximate midway
between the systolic and
diastolic blood pressure.
e. The synchronous motor
carrying the paper upon
which blood pressure pulse
respiration recording are
made is then set-in motion,
the motor is being timid that
the paper moves along at the
rate of a six inches per
minute, then ten to fifteen
seconds after the instrument
has been set in motion, the
inked filled pens of the
instruments are permitted to
make their blood pressure
pulse respiration tracings
before the question are ask
of the subject.
f. During the test period the
subject is formed that he will
be asked several questions
which should be answered
by either yes or no answers,
and that they are so brief
and to the point.
g. Approximately five to ten
seconds after this instruction
first question is asked and
then the other questions
follow after or at the interval
of fifteen or twenty seconds
LIMITING SCOPE OF
QUESTIONS - the relevant
test questions used in any
examination should be
confined to a single case
investigation. The polygraph
technique is not effective for
stimulation testing regarding
two or More unrelated
occurrences. With all the
gadgets attached to subject
then will be asked to answer
the following standard test
questions:
A. Irrelevant questions
(unleaded/ immaterial
questions)
B. Relevant questions
(leaded/ material
questions )
C. Control questions

PHASE IV-POST-TEST
INTERVIEW
INTERROGATION

The purposes of further

questioning after the test
are:
a. to clarify the findings.
b. to learn if there are any
other reasons for the
subject's responding to a
relevant question, other
than the knowledge of the
crime; and
c. to obtain additional
information and an
admission for law
enforcement purposes if the
results suggest deception.