Applications of Laplace & Inverse

Laplace Transforms
Contents:

1. Linear Differential Equations

2. Integro-differential Equations

3. Electric Circuit Analysis

3.1 DC & AC Transients

3.2 Network Analysis

LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Laplace & Inverse Laplace transforms are particularly useful for

solving linear differential equations with constant coefficients and
associated initial conditions.

To accomplish this, we take the Laplace transform of the given

differential equation, making use of the initial conditions. This leads to
an algebraic equation in the Laplace transform of the required solution.

By solving this Laplace transform and then taking the inverse, the
required solution is obtained.
LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Example:
Solve the differential equation y’’ – 2y’ – 3y = 0 whose initial
conditions are y’(0) = 1, y(0) = 1.
LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Example:
Solve the differential equation y’’’ – 3y’’ – 4y’ + y = 2 whose
initial conditions are y’’(0) = 0, y’(0) = 0, and y(0) = 0.
INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Example:
Solve for the response y(t) in the following integro-differential
equation.

dy t
 5y(t)  6  y  τ dτ  u(t), y(0) = 2
dt 0
DC TRANSIENTS

Transient Period

i Steady state
response

Transient
response
t
Transient
period
DC TRANSIENTS Steady state
i
response

Transient
response
Transient Period Transient
t

period

Before a circuit attains its steady state, the circuit passes through a
transition period in which the currents and voltages are not recurring
periodic functions of time.

The period required for the currents and voltages to adjust themselves
to their steady state is called the TRANSIENT PERIOD.
DC TRANSIENTS

RL Circuit

sw + vR
By KVL,
i R +

± di
V L vL V  VR  VL  iR  L
dt

di
VR  iR VL  L
dt
 sw + vR
DC TRANSIENTS
i R +

V ± L vL
RL Circuit

Example:
A series RL circuit is impressed with 12 Vdc. If R = 20 ohms
and L = 0.2 H, determine the current at any time t.
DC TRANSIENTS

RC Circuit

sw + vR
By KVL,
i R
+
± 1
V C vC V  VR  VC  iR   idt
C

1
VR  iR VC   idt
C
 sw + vR
DC TRANSIENTS
i R
+
V ± C vC
RC Circuit

Example:
A series RC circuit is impressed with 12 Vdc. If R = 20 ohms
and C = 50 uF, determine the current at any time t. Assume no initial
current at the conductor.
DC TRANSIENTS

RLC Circuit

sw + vR
By KVL,
i R +

V ± V  vR  vL  vC
L vL
C
di 1
+ V  iR  L   idt
vC dt C
di 1
VR  iR, VL  L , VC   idt
dt C