LAB 1

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS II

Javier Rodríguez Romera

 Index.
1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 3
2. Experiment I ...................................................................................... 4
3. Experiment II ..................................................................................... 7
4. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 8
5. References ........................................................................................ 8
 1. Introduction.
In this session of laboratory, we realized a tensile test. Tensile testing is a
destructive test process that provides information about the tensile
strength, yield strength, and ductility of the metallic material. It measures
the force required to break a composite or plastic specimen and the extent
to which the specimen stretches or elongates to that breaking point.
In this case we used two different samples, first one without a heat
treatment and second one with a heat treatment.
After these experiments, we could represent some aspects of our materials
like the curve of force/displacement or the stress/strain. Moreover, we
could analyze the fracture surface of our samples, it is going to give us also
information about our material.
2. Experiment I.
Initial length Final length Diameter
80 mm 88,2 mm 6,1 mm

-Explain the failure node of the damaged sample.

Because of the shape of the failure node, we know that it is a ductile
fracture.
This type of fracture is the material failure that exhibits substantial plastic
deformation prior to fracture. The ductile fracture process is slow and
gives enough warnings before final separation. Normally, a large amount
of plastic flow is concentrated near the fracture faces.
This ductile fracture occurs over a period of time and normally occurs
after yield stress.

-What are the characteristics of the fractured surface?

The main characteristics of this type of
failure are:
-Considerable plastic deformation.
-Slow process with sufficient warnings.
-Slow crack propagation.
-Occurs usually during yield stress.
-Crack propagation is at 45 degrees to the applied stress.
-Cup cone failure.
-The energy required to fail is substantially high.
-Broke into two pieces.

-What is the maximum force of the sample?

We can find the maximum force in the ultimate strength point, so this
value is 35610 N.
-Plot the force/displacement curve and show the upper and
lower yield point.
A: Upper yield stress point
B: Lower yield stress point

B
-From the above plot, what is the fracture force?

Fracture Point

So, the fracture force is 1318 N in this point.

3. Experiment II.
Initial length Final length Diameter
75 mm 84,5 mm 5,5 mm

-Plot the stress/strain curve and estimate the Young’s

Modulus of elasticity.
Estimation of the Young’s Modulus of elasticity:

With the slope of the curve, we could find an estimation of the

Young’s Modulus. In this case, our value of the Young’s Modulus is
approximately 16.7 MPa.

-What is the yield strength at 0.2% strain.

If 0,050165 is our maximum strain, so 0,2% will be approximately
0,000100. The closest value that we can find in our graph is
0,000101 mm, so the yield strength is 149,02 MPa.
4. Conclusion.
In conclusion, in this lab we learnt how works one of the most famous
material test.
Moreover, we could analyze the shapes of different fractures and we
learnt how to identify them. Finally, we worked with the different values
obtained in the test to see how it affects to the properties of the material.

5. References.
Dey, A. K. (2023, 7 marzo). Brittle Fracture and Ductile Fracture: Definition,

Mechanism, Differences (With PDF). What is Piping.

https://whatispiping.com/brittle-fracture-ductile-fracture/

Ensayo de Traccion. Ensayo, Grafica, Formulas, Problemas. (s. f.).

https://www.areatecnologia.com/materiales/ensayo-de-traccion.html

Standard Mechanics. (2022, 10 febrero). Tensile Testing.

https://standardmechanics.com/tensile-testing/