JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

CHISDA

Investigatory project on~

"APPLICATION OF
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS"
SUBJECT - CHEMISTRY

Name- Jay Kumar Class -12th

Chandra Roll no. -
 CERTIFICATE
This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine
investigation has been carried out to investigate about the
subject matter and the related data collection and
investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily done by,

JAY KUMAR CHANDRA a student of class 12th under the

ROLL NO. for the academic session 2023-24.
Regarding the investigatory project entitled
"APPLICATIONS OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS"
For Chemistry Department under the supervision of the
undersigned as per the requirement for the Board
Examination.

______________ ______________
SUBJECT TEACHER PRINCIPAL
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
My heartfelt thanks extend to my instructor,Miss.
Neeraj(Mam),for their guiding influence in
achieving the successful outcome of this project.
Their guidance unwavering encouragement and
relentless motivation significantly contributed to
every stage of this endeavour.

I also express my sincere gratitude to our

principal,Mr. A.B. SAXENA Sir for providing the
necessary support and facilities that enabled me
to prepare this project.

In closing,I would like to acknowledge all who

provides the motivation to persist in this
endeavour.
CONTENT:
• INTRODUCTION

•Importance Of Coordination Compounds

•The Distinction Between Double Salt And

Coordination Compound

•Werner’s Coordination Compounds Theory

•Theoretical Postulates.

•Importance and Application of Coordination

Compounds

•Some Examples Of Coordination Compounds

•Conclusion.
*INTRODUCTION :
Coordination complexes are formed by transition metals
because of their unique ability to build these structures.
When comes our interest in coordination compounds?
What are the real-world implications of this theory? How
significant these coordination molecules are in real life
may surprise you. Coordination compounds will be
discussed in detail in this chapter. We’ll take a look at
how these substances can be put to use in the real world.

*Importance of Coordination compounds :

Some elements, such as transition metals, have the
unusual capacity to establish bonds with charged or
neutral molecules or atoms, resulting in the
formation of new compounds known as coordination
compounds. Coordination compounds or
coordination complexes are the complex molecules
that result from this process.

*Distinction Between Double Salt and

Coordination Compounds :
Double salts and coordination compounds are the two
forms of addition compounds. These are classified
below based on how they dissolve in solution.
*Werner’s Coordination Compounds Theory:
Alfred Werner, a Swiss chemist, developed the
concepts of coordination compounds and their
structures in 1898. Based on what he believed, he
postulated a primary and secondary valence for the
core metal ion. After examining numerous chemicals,
Werner proposed the postulates for the theory, known
as Werner’s theory of coordination compounds.

*Theoretical Postulates:
1)Metals have two types of linkages in coordination
compounds: primary and secondary valencies.
2)The oxidation number of the core metal ion is the same
as the primary valency. The valency is ionisable and non-
directional. Negative ions satisfy a primary valency.
3)The secondary valency of the central metal ion is
determined by its coordination number. This valency is
non-ionisable and directed. The neutral molecules or
negative ions satisfy the secondary valencies. A metal’s
secondary valency is fixed.
4)The following are some examples of primary and
secondary valency: In a compound, the three Cl– ions in
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 form the primary valency of the metal
ion, and the six NH3 neutral molecules produce the
secondary valency.
5)Coordination secondary linkages produce polyhedra, a
distinctive configuration, surrounding the metal atom. As a
result, the coordination complexes have octahedral,
tetrahedral, and square planar forms.

*Importance and application of

Coordination compounds :
Because of their unique structure and characteristics,
coordination compounds are essential in both nature
and industry. The following are some major
applications of coordination compounds in various
aspects:

•In Biological System:

1}Haemoglobin, which is found in blood, functions as
an oxygen transporter and is a coordination molecule
with Fe2+ as the core atom and a porphyrin ring
structure.

2}Cobalamin, also referred to as cyanocobalamin or

Vitamin–B12 is a coordination molecule containing the
metal element Cobalt.

3}Chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for plants’

green colour and photosynthesis, is a coordination
molecule containing a Magnesium core atom.
•In Metullurgical Use of Coordination
compounds :
1)Metal extraction from ores involves complicated
structures. Silver and gold, for example, create
complexes with NaCN when dissolved in them.
This method is used to extract them.
2)Mond’s technique, which is used to purify
nickel, includes converting impure Ni to
[Ni(CO4)] complex, which may then be dissolved
to yield free and pure nickel.

•Analytical Chemistry :
1)Metals are detected analytically using
complicated formations. Cu2+ ions, for example,
can be identified via the creation of their complex.
2)Coordination chemistry can be used to calculate
the hardness of the water.
3)Nickel can be detected by treating it with
dimethyl glyoxime (DMG); Nickel and DMG
produce a red-coloured complex.
4)Ag+ and Hg2+ can be separated by dissolving
AgCl in NH3 to create a complex, whereas Hg2Cl2
forms an intractable black material.
•Pharmaceutical Use Of Coordination
Compounds:
1)The platinum complex, cis-platin, has the formula
cis -[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] and is a frequently used anti-
tumour drug in medicine.
2)Lead toxicity is treated with calcium and EDTA
combination.
3)Excess copper and iron in animal systems are
eliminated by forming complexes with chelating
ligands such as D-penicillamine and desferrioxamine
B.

•Other uses of Coordination compounds:

1)Metals are electroplated via the production of
complex salts as electrolytes.
2)Coordination chemicals can act as homogeneous or
heterogeneous catalysts. In the hydrogenation of
alkenes, for example, the Wilkinson catalyst
[(Ph3P)3RhCl] is used.
3)[(C2H5)4Pb] is a compound that is utilised as an
antiknock.
4)When a developed photographic film is washed
with hypo solution, a complex Ion, [Ag(S2O3)2]3- is
produced. The extra AgBr dissolves to form the
complexion.
*Some Examples of Coordination
compounds:
Some examples of coordination compounds, along
with their formulas, are provided in the following
table:

The complexes can be classified as homoleptic or

heteroleptic complexes, depending on their
composition. Generally speaking, a homoleptic complex
is one in which the metal is solely linked to one sort of
donor group, such as: [Fe(CN)4]4-is a complex in which
the central atom is attached to a variety of distinct donor
groups, and the centre atom is the donor group.
• Conclusion :
Coordination complexes are formed by transition
metals because of their unique ability to build
these structures. The high charge to mass ratio
and the availability of d-orbitals are to blame.
Many complex compounds have been developed
as a result of breakthroughs in coordination
chemistry. There are several industries where
coordination chemicals are used. Some examples
include mining and metallurgy, as well as the
medical sciences. Coordination compounds are
employed in hydrometallurgical processes for the
extraction of metals such as nickel, cobalt, and
copper from their ores and in crucial catalytic
processes to bring about polymerization of
organic compounds such as polyethylene and
polypropylene.
THANKYOU