REVOLUTIONS 1750-1900
THEME 1: HUMANS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT (ENV)
The environment shapes human societies,
and as populations grow and change, these
populations in turn shape their
environments.
● American revolution was
initiated because those in
America were used to being in
an autonomous environment,
along with the Enlightenment
values that were spreading at
the time
● Slaves that participated in the
Haitian Revolution were in an
environment that was
oppressing, badly-treating.
○ They were also
surrounded by an
environment where
ideas of revolutions
from nearby lands,
such as from the
soldiers that have just
come back from
fighting in the
Ameircan Revolution,
facilitated the
development of the
revolution
○ The Haitian people
used geography to run
away in to the forest,
they had better
knowledge of the forest
than the conquerors
and had an advantage
● Ideas of the ‘united states’ of
america spread to south
america and Simon Bolivar,
who sought to establish a
united region in south america,
called Gran Colombia, but it
ended up being too politically
divided.
● Manifestation destiny: the
Americans believe they were
destine to spread westward
and they spread to natives
places and had to relocate
them
● Lots of people move to
America because of it’s wide
and cheap land and it’s natural
resources
○ The Californian gold
rush lead to many
THEME 2: CULTURAL
DEVELOPMENTS AND
INTERACTIONS (CDI)
The development of ideas, beliefs, and
religions illustrates how groups in society
view themselves, and the interactions of
societies and their beliefs often have
political, social, and cultural implications.
● The slave culture faced a
slowly but developed extinction
after the Haitian revolution took
place with multiple revolts to
consider the slavery issue
within the population
● The American revolution had a
face of slavery changing
development, where it ended
out in half the country splitting
into their beliefs but slowly
development and created
population interaction regarding
slavery.
● The Social class and ranking
system among the population
developed to fit people’s
preference after the French
revolution occurred.
● The Hierarchy system in many
other places was also
changed/developed allowing
more groups of people to
interact socially and politically.
● Development of nationalism
ideas, patriotism
○ Zionism in jews led to
anti-semitism who
persecuted many jews
because they wanted
religious harmony and
viewed them as
untrustworthy
○ Unification of Germany
+ Italia
● Although Enlightenment
implications advocated for
equality, women were not part
of that change, leaving many
women such as Wollstonecraft
wanting to get women into
education
○ Women’s role in
society was still seen
as conservative and
‘diminutive’ despite
their aid in wars
● against overlords and extend
THEME 3: GOVERNANCE
(GOV)
A variety of internal and external factors
contribute to state formation, expansion,
and decline. Governments maintain order
through a variety of administrative
institutions, policies, and procedures, and
governments obtain, retain, and exercise
power in different ways and for different
purposes.
● French revolution- the purpose
was to eliminate the ancient
regime. It also sparked many
other nations to reform and
start revolutions. With France’s
government, the empire was
led by Napoleon which
changed the political climate in
Europe.
● Reign of terror: period of
French Rev when there was
violence and mass execution
● Civil code: revised body of civil
law (stabilized French society)
● After Napoleon’s defeat, the
French government then re-
established the French
monarchy which also one again
changed Europe’s political
climate.
● Mexican revolution- the middle
class against the dictator.
● Benito Juarez was a liber
mexican president who led la
reformation, which limited the
power of military and catholic
church but supported civil
liberties and universal male
suffrage land to private
ownership.
● He attempted to lessen
financial woes and suspended
foreign loans so conservatives
needed him out as they wanted
empires.
● Capitulations: agreements that
exempted Europeans from
Ottoman law and
extraterritoriality gives tax-free
status to foreign banks,
businesses. (They made new
laws and earned tons of money
as the Ottoman economy is
falling apart.)
● Enlightenment ideals inspired
revolutionary movements like
slaves in French colony to rise
rights to women & slaves
● Chinese restrictions on British
trade. Opium grown in India,
THEME 4: ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS (ECN)
As societies develop, they affect and are
affected by the ways that they produce,
exchange, and consume goods and
services.
● Adam Smith: Scottish
philosopher that turned his
attention to economic affairs
and held that laws and of
supply + demand determines
what happens in the
marketplace
● National Policy: Economic
development program to attract
migrants, protect local
industries, and national
transport. :3
● Foreign companies in America.
● Qing authorities tried using
Confucian government to solve
social & economic problems &
adopting foreign technology to
strengthen state power
● Japanese society was in turmoil in
early 19th century because of
decrease in agricultural
productivity, crop failure, famine,
and harsh taxation → peasant
protest & rebellion
● Migrants to the Americas in the
late 19th century led to an
increased rate of urbanization
in cities and societies,
urbanization led to agricultural
growth, then led to economic
development.
● zaibatsu: small group of people
that had enormous economic
power
● Latin America struggled with
colonial past & depended on
single cash crop
● Railroad: increase in economic
growth
○ Railroad industry
○ Increased work for
industries such as
steel, coal wood etc.
● National policy: economic
development program to attract
migrants and protect local
industries and national
transport
● Canadian pacific railroad
increased economy and
population
THEME 5: SOCIAL THEME 6: TECHNOLOGY AND
INTERACTIONS AND INNOVATION (TEC)
ORGANIZATION (SIO) Human adaptation and innovation
The process by which societies group their have resulted in increased efficiency,
members and the norms that govern the comfort, and security, and technological
interactions between these groups and advances have shaped human
between individuals influence political, development and interactions with both
economic, and cultural institutions and intended and unintended consequences.
organization.
● Gunpowder
● Creation of the middle class ○ Used for revolutions to
● Reform Movements gain power
○ Suffrage ● Cannons
○ Emancipation ○ They used cannons to
Proclamation (1863) gain explosive power
● Meztizo (mixed of mexicans ● Steam engine
and europeans) ○ Initiated the industrial
○ Byproduct of revolution
immigrants ○ Used to gain easier
● Seneca Falls Convention 1848 access to power for
○ Fought for the rights of machines
women in America ● Railroads
● Kinship in Africa ○ Help with transport of
● Tribes in America assimilated people and product,
● Immigrants from Asia and urbanization
Europe to America ● Telegraph
○ Due to gold rushes in ○ Used to transport ideas
areas such as faster than before,
California globalization
● Popular sovereignty: ● Steam boat
challenged the right to rule ○ Used for long maritime
which challenged those in trade
power (causing some tension ● Cotton gin
in the society) ○ Used for cotton
● The african diaspora : caused production
the africans and their ○ Eli whitney also started
descendants to disperse producing
● The american revolution interchangeable parts
○ Tension b/w brits and of machine
north american ● Assembly line
colonies ○ Henry Ford invented it
■ Led to protest to gain more money
and boycotts and fasten the
● French revolution : the national production rate but
assembly formed by the third worsen the people’s
estate who wrote declaration of wellbeing
the rights of man and the ● Weaving machine
citizen - Brought a faster and
● Manifest Destiny more efficient way to
○ Caused Americans to produce clothes.
take over land and ● Clock
chase away the natives - Tell time
without remorse ● Automobile
● - Faster and more
efficient way to travel
and move around.
● Watt
● Spinning Jenny
● Power loom
 immigrants from Irish,
China, etc.
● Abolition of slavery leads to
other people following
● The division of North and south
America was because north
was industralize and south was
agricultural based
● New ideas of liberalism makes
people view revolutions as for
the better, therefore
encouraging more people to
demand and favour
enlightenment ideas and
equality
●
sold in China for silver, silver ● Seneca falls convention:
used to buy other Chinese womens rights convention
products-Chinese move to wrote declaration of sentiments
enforce ban. (China was forced for economic & political equality
into a series of ○ Introduced women to
disadvantageous treaties—-- the economic playing
>Treaty of Nanjing.) field
● Eli Whitney: creator of the
cotton gin that shaped the
industrial revolution and
America’s economy
● Americas age of independence
- expansion is good for
economy but raises debate of
slavery