4.4.

2 (a) - using the product- and chain rule:

2
y=x· ( 3 x +4 )
→
' ' '
F ( x )=G ( x ) · H ( x ) ⟺ F ( x )=G ( x ) · H ( x ) +G ( x ) · H ( x )
→
'
G ( x )=x → G ( x )=1

H ( x )=( 3 x+ 4 ) → ( f ° g ) ( x )=f ( g ( x ) ) · g ( x ) (kæderegel)

2 ' ' '

'
H ( x )=2· ( 3 x+ 4 ) · 3→ 6 ·(3 x +4 )
Using the product rule:
F ( x )=1 · ( 3 x +4 ) + x· ( 6 · ( 3 x +4 ) )
' 2

→
' 2
F ( x )=( 3 x+ 4 ) + 6 x·(3 x+ 4)
→ Factor out
'
F ( x )=( 9 x +4 ) +(3 x + 4)

4.4.4
2
y= (5 x +7 )
a) Using the chain rule:
( f ° g )' ( x )=f ' ( g ( x ) ) · g ' (x)
→
'
f ( x )=2 · (5 x +7 ) · 5
→
'
f ( x )=10 · ( 5 x +7 )=50 x+70
b) Multiplying out the brackets
2 2
y= (5 x +7 ) =( 5 x +7 ) ·(5 x +7)=25 x + 70 x + 49
→
'
y ( x )=50 x +70

4.4.7 - the consumption function is given by:

2
300+2Y
C=
1+Y
Calculate MPC and MPS when Y =36:

dC
MPC= ∧ MPS=1−MPC
dY
→

()
'
f ' g ( x ) · f ( x )−f ( x ) · g ' (x)
(Y )= 2
g ( g (x ))
→
2−1 2
dC (1+ Y ) · 2· 2Y −(300+2 Y ·1)
MPC= =
dY ( 1+Y )2
→
2
1+ 4 Y −300+2 Y
MPC=
( 1+ Y )2
→ Inserting value of Y =36
2
1+ 4 · 36−300+2 ·36 2437
MPC= = ≈1 , 78
( 1+36 )2 1369
Calculating MPS:
MPS=1−1.78=−0 , 78

When and if the national income (GDP) increases by 1, consumption will increase by 1.78, on the
other hand we can see that MPS, the saving will decrease by -0.78.

4.5.7- The supply equation is given by:

2
Q=4+ 0.1 P

dQ
a) Find an expression for :
dP

dQ 2−1
=2 ·0.1 P =0.2 P
dP
b) Show that the supply equation can be rearranged as:
P= √ (10 Q−40)
→ subtract 4 from both sides:
2
0.1 P =Q−4
→ multiply by 10 on each side:

2 2
0.1 P · 10=10 · ( Q−4 ) =P =10 Q−40
→ Take the square root on each side:
P= √ (10 Q−40)
Differentiate to find an expression using the chain rule:

( f ° g )' ( x )=f ' ( g ( x ) ) · g ' (x)

→
dP 1
= ·10
dQ 2· √ 10 Q−40
→
dP 5
=
dQ √ 10 Q−40

c) Using the answers to verify that:

 dQ 1
=
dP dP/dQ
→
1
=
√ 10Q−40
dP/dQ 5
→
dQ P dQ
= =0.2 P=
dP 5 dP

d) Calculate elasticity of supply when Q=14

P dQ
E= ·
Q dP
→
√( 10 · 14 ) −40 · √ (10 · 14 )−40 = 10
14 5 7
→
10
E=
7