on their own instead of a noun: Which one do you want?

with OF: They ate nearly all of it.

Are used:
This/ these => something near the speaker
with OF + THE/THIS/THOSE + noun: all of these men
That/ those => something further away Demonstrative Pronouns

Subject and Object

1
Obj/ After prep Pronoun
Each other "He/ She" used to replace animals He’s a lovely little dog.
+ Vi Adverb Together?
"She" used to refer to countries with The country’s oil industry has given it/ her
Reciprocal Pronouns Personal Pronouns human qualities economic independence.
One another

"It" is used to refer to a human baby of

unknown sex. Look at that baby. It’s been sick.
wash

bathe
Verbs do not usually take a reflexive The door’s opened. It was opened by the
shave pronoun: to refer to something girl.

(un)dress to identify a person It’s John.

change Pronouns as empty subject to refer to weather,

temperature, time, and distance It’s very cold today.
Father himself mowed the lawn this
morning. ("Father" is emphasized)
(After a noun phrase) To emphasize a noun It’s very difficult to speak English that
phrase as preparatory subject fluently.
Father mowed the lawn itself this morning. Personal Pronouns – IT
("the lawn" is emphasized)
Reflexive Pronouns She found it impossible to be there on
as preparatory object time.
by oneself
Meaning “Alone”
on one’s own IT + BE + ... (emphasized part) + THAT-
CLAUSE
“Without help” (the pronoun usually comes
We built the garage ourselves. in end position) to give emphasis (cleft-sentence) NOTE: The emphasized part in a cleft
sentence cannot be a verb/ verb phrase or My secretary is Jim. -> It is Jim that my
a subject complement. secretary is. (wrong)
“As for me” = "myself"

That’s a friend of mine. Somebody/ someone/ something => positive

meaning
That’s my friend. (special friend) Possessive Pronouns
Anybody/ anyone/ anything => negatives &
questions
Indefinite Pronouns
+ Vsing