MICROSCOPIC

EXAMINATION OF
URINE
C.J.R. GOJO, RMT
TOPICS

Microscopic
Techniques

Sediment
Stains

Sediment
Constituents
ü 10-15 ML URINE
ü CENTRIFUGE AT 400RCF FOR 5 MINUTES
ü DECANT URINE URINE
ü TRANSFER 20 UL (0.02 ML) SEDIMENT TO A GLASS SLIDE WITH SEDIMENT
22X22 MM COVERSLIP
ü EXAMINE MICROSCOPICALLY
PREPARATION
 MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE

• BRIGHTFIELD MICROSCOPY
• PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
• POLARIZING MICROSCOPY
• DARK-FIELD MICROSCOPY
• FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
• INTERFERENCE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
• NOMARSKI
• HOFFMAN
 EXAMINING THE SEDIMENT

• MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION SHOULD BE PERFORMED IN A CONSISTENT MANNER AND

INCLUDE OBSERVATION OF A MINIMUM OF 10 FIELDS UNDER BOTH LOW (10×) AND HIGH
(40×) POWER
REPORTING OF SEDIMENTS
 SEDIMENT STAINS

• STERNHEIMER-MALBIN
• TOLUIDINE BLUE
• 2% ACETIC ACID
• LIPID STAINS
• GRAM STAINS
• HANSEL STAINS
• PRUSSIAN BLUE
 SEDIMENT CONSTITUENTS

I. CELLS II. CASTS

1. RBC 1. HYALINE CASTS
2. WBC 2. RBC CASTS
3. EPITHELIAL CELLS 3. WBC CASTS
4. BACTERIA 4. EPITHELIAL CASTS
5. YEASTS 5. BACTERIAL CASTS
6. PARASITES 6. GRANULAR CASTS
7. SPERMATOZOA 7. FATTY CASTS
8. MUCUS THREADS 8. WAXY CASTS
9. BROAD CASTS
 SEDIMENT CONSTITUENTS

I. CRYSTRALS 2. ABNORMAL URINARY CRYSTALS

1. NORMAL URINARY CRYSTALS i. CYSTINE
i. AMORPHOUS URATES ii. CHOLESTEROL
ii. URIC ACID iii. RADIOGRAPHIC DYE
iii. CALCIUM OXALATE iv. TYROSINE
iv. CALCIUM SULFATE v. LEUCINE
v. HIPPURIC ACID vi. BILIRUBIN
vi. AMORPHOUS PHOSPHATES vii. SULFONAMIDE
vii. AMMONIUM BIURATE viii. AMPICILLIN
viii. TRIPLE PHOSPHATE 3. URINARY SEDIMENTS ARTIFACTS
ix. CALCIUM PHOSPHATE i. STARCH GRANULES
x. CALCIUM CARBONATE
THANK YOU!