DIGESTIVE GLANDS

- CHA -
THE LIVER

- THE GREATEST MEASUREMENT OF ORGAN IN

HUMAN ( 1,5 KG ), CONSIST OF 4 LOBUS.

- CAPSUL CONSIST OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE,

NAMELY IS GLISSON’S CAPSUL.

- THE LIVER COMPOSED OF LOBULES WHICH

ARE SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER BY A
LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CALLED
HEPATIC LOBULS.

- HILLUS OF LIVER NAMELY IS PORTAL

HEPATIS, WHICH IN THIS PLACE, BLOOD
VESSELS, CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND BILLIARY
DUCT ARE ENTERING TO THE LIVER.
- THE LOBULES OF LIVER ARE SEPARATED BY
CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND BLOOD VESSELS.
THE CORNER OF THREE LOBULS CREATE PORTAL
AREA = PORTAL CANAL.

- THE CONTAIN OF PORTAL CANAL :

1. INTERLOBULARIES VEIN  IS BRANCH OF

PORTA VEIN.
2. INTERLOBULARIES ARTERI  IS BRANCH OF
HEPATICA ARTERI
3. INTERLOBULARIES DUCT  IS BILLIARY DUCT
4. ANOTHER COMPONENTS LIKE LYMPHATIC
VESSELS AND NERVE FIBERS.

1,2 AND 3 ARE CALLED PORTAL TRIAD

LIVER IS COMPOSED OF :

1. LIVER PARENCHYM, CONSIST OF LAMINA

HEPATIS ( HEPATOCYTE CELLS PLAQUE ),
WHICH RADIER ARRANGE WITH CENTRALIS
VEIN AS A AXIS.

2. SINUSOID, A SPACE BETWEEN LAMINA

HEPATIS, WHICH THE WALL CONSIST OF :

- ENDOTHEL
- KUPFFER CELLS  CELLS WHICH HAVE
PHAGOCYTIC CHARACTER.
- SUPPORTING TISSUE, WHICH CONSIST OF
RETICULER FIBERS.
BLOOD VESSEL OF THE LIVER :

1. PORTA VEIN :

FUNCTIONAL  BLOOD FROM INTESTINE AND

LIEN, AND THEN DISTRIBUTE TO
INTERLOBULARIES VEIN  SINUSSOID 
CENTRALIS VEIN  SUBLOBULARIS VEIN 
HEPATIVA VEIN  CAVA INFERIOR VEIN.

2. HEPATICA ARTERI

NUTRITIF, BLOOD DISTRIBUTE TO

INTERLOBULARIS ARTERI  A PART OF THE
PORTAL CANAL AND ANOTHER TO THE
PERILOBULAR AREA.
LIMPHATIC VESSEL IN LIVER :

- CREATE NETWORK AROUND GLISSON

CAPSULE, INTERLOBULARIS SEPTUM, AROUND
BLOOD VESSELS AND BILLIARY DUCT.

- IN LOBULUS THERE ISN’T LIMPHATIC VESSEL.

LYMPHATIC LIQUID BE GATHERED IN SPACE
OF DISSE  SPACE OF MALL  LYMPHATIC
VESSELS IN PORTAL AREA.
LIVER FUNCTIONS :

1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

2. EMPEDU SECRETION

3. METABOLIT DEPO

4. METABOLISM

5. DETOXICATION

6. PHAGOCYTOSIS, ETC.
GALL BLADDER

IS A HOLLOW, PEAR- SHAPE ORGAN, CONSIST OF

FUNDUS, CORPUS AND COLLUM.

1. MUCOUS
- MUCOUS LAYER PRESENT FOLDS THAT ARE
PARTICULARLY EVIDENT IN THE EMPTY
BLADDER.

- A MUCOUS LAYER COMPOSED OF COLUMNAR

EPITHELIUM AND LAMINA PROPRIA.
- DIVERTICULUM (+)
- THERE IS NOT MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
2. A LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE

IS A THICK SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE, WHICH

HAVE TWO DIRECTIONS :
- INNER : LONGITUDINAL
- OUTER : CIRCULAR

3. A SEROUS MEMBRAN / ADVENTITIA

SUPERFICIAL LAYER IS COMPOSED OF DENSE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH COLLAGEN

FIBERS, BINDS TO CAPSULA GLISSON IN
SOME PLACES, AT ANOTHER PLACES IS LINED

BY PERITONEUM.
KANDUNG EMPEDU
FUNCTION :

- STORE BILE AND CONCENTRATE IT BY

REABSORBING ITS WATER.
THE WATER IS ABSORBED BY EPITHEL TISSUE.

EXTRA HEPATIC DUCT

1. HEPATIC DUCT

TO DISTRIBUTE BILE FROM LIVER TO

GALLBLADDER.

2. CYSTIC DUCT

TO DISTRIBUTE BILE FROM HEPATIC DUCT TO

GALLBLADDER
3. COMMON BILE DUCT = CHOLEDOCHUS DUCT

TO DISTRIBUTE BILE FROM HEPATIC DUCT

AND CYSTIC DUCT TO DEUDENUM.

HISTOLOGY STRUCTURES :

MUCOUS : - SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

- AT COLLUM GALLBLADDER, PRESENT

FOLDS, AT DUCTUS CYSTICUS THERE

IS SPINCTER, NAMELY HEISTER

SPINCTER.

MUSCULARIS : NOT SO CLEAR.

GAMBARAN SKEMATIK EXTRA BILE DUCT
SALIVARY GLANDS

- INTRINSIC GLANDS ( MINOR )  LABIALIS GLAND,

BUCCALIS GLAND, PALATINAE GLAND.

- EXTRINSIC ( MAYOR ) :

- PAROTIS GLAND
- SUBMAXILLARIS / SUBMANDIBULARIS GLAND
- SUBLINGUALIS GLAND

FUNCTION : SALIVARY SECRETION

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF SALIVARY GLANDS :

COMPOSED OF :

1. PARENCHYM : GLANDS  ACINI

2. STROMA : CONNECTIVE TISSUE
FRAMEWORK

THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF ACINI : - SEROUS

- MUCOUS
- MIX
SEROUS ACINI

EPITHEL : SIMPLE COLUMNAR, LIKE PYRAMID

SHAPE AND HAVE A NARROW LUMEN AND THE
BORDER OF EACH CELL IS NOT CLEAR.

CYTOPLASM : HAVE ZYMOGEN GRANULES

COLOR : IS DARKER THAN MUCOUS ACINI AND

HAVE MYOEPITHEL CELLS ( BASKET CELLS ) 
SUPPORT SECRETION DISCHARGE.
MUCOUS ACINI

EPITHEL : SIMPLE SQUAMOUS OR LOW CUBOID,

THE BORDER OF EACH CELL IS NOT CLEAR,
LUMEN IS WIDE AND NUCLEAR SHAPE IS FLAT.

CYTOPLASM : FILL WITH VACUOLA MUCIGEN

AND WITH H.E STAIN HAVE PALE COLOR.

MIXED ACINI

THERE SROUS ACINI THAT HOLD MUCOUS

ALVEOLI  SEROUS ALVEOLI LIKE “BULAN
SABIT”, NAMELY IS DEMILUNE OF GIANUZZI.
EXIT DUCT :

1. INTERCALATED DUCT :
- INTRA LOBULAR
- SIMPLE SQUAMOUS OR LOW CUBOID
EPITHELIUM

2. STRIATED DUCT
- INTRA LOBULAR
- SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

3. INTERLOBULAR DUCT
- SIMPLE COLUMNAR OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
EPITHELIUM

4. MAIN DUCT : PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

PAROTIS GLAND

- IS THE GREATEST SALIVARY GLAND.

- HAVE A CAPSUL, WHICH HAVE BRANCH THAT
DIVIDED BECOME INTERLOBARIS AND
INTERLOBULARIS SEPTA.
- ACINUS : PURE SEROUS
- EXIT MAIN DUCT IS CALLED DUCTUS STENONI.

SUBMAXILLARIS / SUBMANDIBULARIS GLAND

- IS A MIXED GLAND, THERE ARE SEOUS AND

MUCOUS ACINI, WHICH THE NUMBER OF SEROUS

ACINI IS MORE THAN MUCOUS ACINI.

- THERE ARE DEMILUNE OF GIANUZZI.
- THE EXIT MAIN DUCT, NAMELY IS DUCTUS
WHARTONI.

SUBLINGUALIS

- IS THE SMALLEST OF SALIVARY GLAND AND

ALSO MIXED GLAND.
- THE NUMBER OF MUCOUS ACINI IS MORE
THAN SEROUS ACINI.
- DEMILUNE OF GIANUZZI (+)
- CAPSUL IS NOT CLEAR AND WITHOUT SEPTA.
- IS DIFFICULT TO FIND INTRALOBULAR DUCT.
 INTERCALATED DUCT

KEL. PAROTIS

SRIATED DUCT
 ACINI MUCOUS

KEL. SUBMAXILLARIS
 Demilune dari Gianuzzi
Kel. Sublingualis

Striated duct
DEMILUNE OF GIANUZZI
PANCREAS

IS A DOUBLE TUBULOALVEOLAR GLAND WHICH

HAVE EXOCRINE CHARACTER.

THERE ARE SPECIAL STRUCTURES 

LANGERHANS ISLAND, WHICH HAVE ENDOCRINE
CHARACTER.

HORMON, THAT PRODUCED BY LANGERHANS

ISLAND :
- INSULIN, BY b CELLS ( CHANGE
GLUCOSA TO BECOME GLYCOGEN )
- GLUCAGON, BY A CELLS.
THE CHARACTER IS PURE SEROUS, THERE ARE
CENTRO-ACINAR CELLS, WHICH IS
PROLONGATION OF INTERCALATED DUCT.

THERE IS NO STRIATED DUCT AND THE MAIN

DUCT NAMELY IS WIRSUNGI DUCT.
pancreas

Cell centroacinar
Pulau langerhans
THANKS