HISTOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY & SALIVARY  INTRALOBULAR DUCTS: within lobules

GLANDS, ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH o 2 Types

1. STRIATED DUCT – LE: SIMPLE
ORGAN: TONGUE COLUMNAR
- Acidophilic
 LAYERS:
2. INTERCALATED DUCT - LE: SIMPLE
1. MUCOSA CUBOIDAL
 GENERAL LE: STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS - basophilic
KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM (SSKE) - smaller
- beginning of the duct
2. SUBMUCOSA
3. T. MUSCULARIS intercalated duct -> striated duct -> interlobular duct
 MUSCLE: GENIOGLOSSUS
4. T. ADVENTITIA
ORGAN: SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND (aka
 FILIFORM PAPILLA: SUBMAXILLARY GLAND)
 LE: STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED  less fat cells/adipocytes (transparent)
EPITHELIUM (SSKE)  has mucus acini (translucent) – secretion: MUCOUS
 Most numerous on the dorsal surface of the tongue  has serous acini (dark-staining) – secretion: SEROUS
 Only one that has a keratinized epithelium  Classification based on type of secretion:
MUCOSEROUS/MIXED PREDOMINANTLY SEROUS
 CIRCUMVALLETE PAPILLA: from lamina propria then  Moon-shaped structure: DEMILUNES OF GIANUZZI
it goes up (SEROUS CRESCENT) – secretion: SEROUS
 LE: STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON-  Smooth muscle underneath each duct/acini:
KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM (SSNKE) MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS
 Comes from the Lamina propria then goes up (ito  Also has intra- & interlobular ducts
sabi ni doc. Hihi)
 Has TASTEBUDS: Located on the basolateral side ORGAN: SUBLINGUAL GLAND
 has mucus acini (translucent) – secretion: MUCOUS
 This papilla is commonly the landmark of the
 has serous acini (dark-staining) – secretion: SEROUS
posterior 1/3 of the tongue
 Classification based on type of secretion:
 Underneath this papilla: VON-EBNERS GLAND
MUCOSEROUS/MIXED PREDOMINANTLY
o Classification based on type of secretion:
MUCOUS
purely SEROUS  Moon-shaped structure: DEMILUNES OF GIANUZZI
 Anteriorly, another gland is found: GLAND OF (SEROUS CRESCENT) – secretion: SEROUS
BLANDIN and NUHN  Also has intra- & interlobular ducts, myoepithelial cells
o Classification based on type of secretion:
MUCOSEROUS/MIXED
PREDOMINANTLY MUCOUS ORGAN: ESOPHAGUS

 FUNGIFORM PAPILLA: mushroom-shaped 4 LAYERS:

 LE: STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON-
KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM (SSNKE) 1. MUCOSA
 Has TASTEBUDS: Located on the apex 3 SPECIFIC LAYERS:
ORGAN: RAPID TONGUE  LE: STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON-
- less developed in humans KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM (SSKE)
 LP: made up of LOOSE COLLAGENOUS &
 FOLIATE PAPILLA LOOSE LYMPHATIC TISSUE
 STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON- o Contains SUPERFICIAL
KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM (SSNKE) ESOPHAGEAL GLANDS
 Has TASTEBUDS: Located on the basolateral side (CARDIAC GLANDS)
 MUSCULARIS MUCOSA
ORGAN: PAROTID GLAND
 in lobules 2. SUBMUCOSA – contains DEEP ESOPHAGEAL
 white structures: fat cells/adipocytes GLANDS (esophageal gland proper) - Classification based on
 Classification based on type of secretion: purely SEROUS type of secretion: MUCOSEROUS or MIXED
 Has SEROUS ACINUS PREDOMINANTLY MUCOUS
 Classification based on shape: RACEMOUS
 INTERLOBULAR DUCTS: in between lobules 3. T. MUSCULARIS (ICOL)
o LE: STRATIFIED COLUMNAR  SMOOTH MUSCLES
EPITHELIUM
  INNER CIRCULAR
 OUTER LONGITUDINAL

 UPPER 1/3 OF ESOPHAGUS – SKELETAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

(INVOLUNTARY)
 MIDDLE 1/3 OF ESOPHAGUS – MIXED PHARYNX
(SKELETAL + SMOOTH MUSCLE)  ANLAGE (UPPER HALF): STOMODEUM
o LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR  ANLAGE (LOWER HALF): FOREGUT
 LOWER 1/3 OF ESOPHAGUS (after – SMOOTH o continuous with larynx
MUSCLE
o OUTERMOST LAYER: T. SEROSA ESOPHAGUS
o LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR  ANLAGE: FOREGUT

4. T. ADVENTITIA – LOOSE COLLAGENOUS TISSUE, LOWER HALF OF PHARYNX to PROXIMAL

specifically TYPE 1 COLLAGEN PORTION OF DUODENUM
 ANLAGE: FOREGUT

ORGAN: STOMACH STOMACH

 ANLAGE: FOREGUT
1. MUCOSA  FATE: STOMACH
3 SPECIFIC LAYERS:
 LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM DORSAL PANCREATIC BUD
 Lamina Propria: contains GASTRIC GLAND  ANLAGE: FOREGUT
o Invagination of the LE  FATE: PANCREAS EXCEPT THE UNCINATE
o Type: SIMPLE BRANCHED TUBULAR PROCESS or INTERIOR HEAD OF THE
GLAND PANCREAS
 Muscularis Mucosa
VENTRAL PANCREATIC BUD
2. SUBMUCOSA  ANLAGE: FOREGUT
 MEISSNER'S PLEXUS – aka SUBMUCOSAL  FATE: INTERIOR HEAD OF THE PANCREAS
PLEXUS or UNCINATE PROCESS
o Innervates cells in the mucosa to secrete
o Innervates blood vessels to dilate LIVER
 ANLAGE: FOREGUT
o Innervates muscularis mucosa for weak
 SPECIFIC ANLAGE: HEPATIC
contraction
DIVERTICULUM
3. T. MUSCULARIS  FATE: LIVER
3 SPECIFIC LAYERS:
CYSTIC DUCT and GALL BLADDER
 INNER OBLIQUE
 ANLAGE: FOREGUT
 MIDDLE CIRCULAR
 SPECIFIC ANLAGE: HEPATIC
 OUTER LONGITUDINAL
DIVERTICULUM
MYENTERIC PLEXUS (AUERBACH'S PLEXUS) - in
between muscle layers *HERNIATED INTESTINAL LOOP
For forceful contraction of the GIT * MESOCOLON
*RECTUM
4. T. SEROSA – lined by MESOTHELIUM (LE: SIMPLE
SQUAMOUS) LOWER HALF OF THE DUODENUM TO THE
PROXIMAL 2/3 OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON
 Characteristic cell: PARIETAL/OXYNTIC CELL  ANLAGE: MIDGUT
o secretes HCL, INTRINSIC FACTOR &
GHRELIN DISTAL 1/3 OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON TO THE
o acidophilic RECTUM
 ANLAGE: HINDGUT
 CHIEF/ZYMOGENIC/PEPTIC or PRINCIPAL
CELL - secretes GASTRIC LIPASE, PEPSINOGEN, *UROGENITAL SINUS – RECTAL & URINARY
BICARBONATE PORTION
o basophilic *URINARY BLADDER
*URORECTAL SEPTUM
RECTUM
 ANLAGE: HINDGUT
 FATE: RECTUM

UPPER HALF OF ANUS

 ANLAGE: HINDGUT

LOWERHALF OF ANUS
 ANLAGE: EPITHELIAL TISSUE

*GUYS, PLEASE CHECK NALANG IF MAY KULANG

OR MALI YUNG PART NA ITO. Hina ng boses ni Doc sa
recordings e. THANKYOU!
HISTOLOGY OF THE ACCESSORY ORGANS OF  CLASSICAL HEPATIC ARTERY: based on the flow
DIGESTION of blood which comes from the portal area to the central
vein thru the hepatic sinusoids
PANCREAS
 DIGESTIVE function  HEPATIC SINUSOIDS – 75% of blood comes from the
 ISLETS OF LANGERHANS or PANCREATIC PORTAL VEIN
ISLET: ENDOCRINE function o 25% comes from the HEPATIC ARTERY
o secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, & o contains MIXED BLOOD
pancreatic polypeptide
 VON KUPFFER CELLS
 PANCREATIC ACINUS (whole structure)
o made up of PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS GALL BLADDER
(cell at pointer)  LOCATION: POSTERIOR INFERIOR PORTION of
o secrete DIGESTIVE ENZYMES the LIVER
o secrete enzymes into the ducts  Portion not attached to the liver: covered by
PERITONEUM
 SUPRANUCLEAR PORTION – upper portion of the  Portion attached to the liver: covered by the LIVER
nucleus  Function: storage/concentration of bile
o Acidophilic
4 LAYERS
 INFRANUCLEAR PORTION – lower portion of the 1. MUCOSA
nucleus  LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR
o Basophilic  LP: contains invaginationS of the LE –
ROKITANSKY ASCHOFF SINUS (LE: SIMPLE
 CENTROACINAR CELL – LINING EPITHELIUM of COLUMNAR)
the beginning of the ducts or proximal lining epithelium
of the ducts 2. FIBROMUSCULAR LAYER – made up of
SMOOTH MUSCLES & COLLAGEN FIBERS
LIVER
 CENTRAL VEIN - carries less oxygenated blood 3. PERIMUSCULAR LAYER – made up of LOOSE
o where hepatocytes radiate COLLAGENOUS TISSUE

3 TYPES OF LOBULATION 4. T. SEROSA (if it is not covered by the liver) or T.

1. CLASSICAL HEPATIC LOBULE ADVENTITIA (if it is covered by the liver)
o Center: CENTRAL VEIN
o Periphery: PORTAL AREA
2. PORTAL LOBULE
3. RAPPAPORT’S ACINUS – diamond-shaped,
modified lobulation of the portal lobule
o Based low of nutrients, which come
from the portal triad
o Zone 1 – near the portal area (nutrient
comes from portal vein or hepatic
artery)
 FIRST to receive the nutrients
 Hepatocytes in this zone will be
FIRST na malaLASON
o Zone 2 - hepatocytes in the middle
portion
o Zone 3 – near the central vein
 LAST to receive the nutrients
 ISCHEMIA (no blood supply): sign
of death of hepatocytes is FIRST
seen in this zone

 PORTAL AREA – made up of the PORTAL TRIAD:

o PORTAL VEIN
o BILE DUCT – LE: STRATIFIED
CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
o HEPATIC ARTERY
SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE, RECTUM,
ANAL CANAL & VERMIFORM APPENDIX
ORGAN: ILEUM
LOWER 1/3 of the ESOPHAGUS to the UPPER ½ of the
anal canal – LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR  LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR or SIMPLE
COLUMNAR with GOBLET CELLS
ORGAN: DUODENUM  PEYER’S PATCH
 RETROPERITONEAL o NODULAR LYMPHATIC TISSUE
 Club-shaped villi
4 LAYERS  INTESTINAL GLAND
 CRYPT OF LIBERKUHN
1. MUCOSA  PANET CELL
 LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR or SIMPLE  MEISSNER’S PLEXUS
COLUMNAR with GOBLET CELLS  MYENTERIC PLEXUS
 Lamina Propria: contains INTESTINAL GLANDS 4 LAYERS
– invaginations of the LE 1. MUCOSA
o secretes goblet cells, neuroendocrine cells 2. SUBMUCOSA
 Muscularis Mucosa 3. T. MUSCULARIS
4. T. SEROSA
2. SUBMUCOSA
 BRUNNER’S GLAND: Duodenal submucosal gland
o secretes alkaline mucus ORGAN: APPENDIX

3. T. MUSCULARIS/MUSCULARIS EXTERNA  Marks the start of the large intestine

 INNER CIRCULAR  LYMPHATIC NODULE
 OUTER LONGITUDINAL 4 LAYERS
4. T. ADVENTITIA – outermost layer 1. MUCOSA
2. SUBMUCOSA
3. T. MUSCULARIS – very thin
ORGAN: JEJUNUM 4. T. SEROSA
 PERITONEAL

1.MUCOSA ORGAN: COLON

 LE: SIMPLE COLUMNAR or SIMPLE  No more panet cells
COLUMNAR with GOBLET CELLS  Numerous GOBLET CELLS: lubricate the wall of the
 LP: DENSE LYMPHATIC OR LOOSE colon for easy passage of fecal material
COLLAGENOUS TISSUE  INTESTINAL GLAND
 long PLICAE CIRCULARES – fold of the mucosa  CRYPT OF LIBERKUHN
and submucosa  MEISSNER’S PLEXUS
 VILLI – fold of the LE & LP  MYENTERIC PLEXUS
 CRYPT OF LIBERKUHN – becomes an intestinal 4 LAYERS
gland 1. MUCOSA
o Invagination of the LE 2. SUBMUCOSA
 PANET CELL – characteristic cell of the small intestines 3. T. MUSCULARIS – very thin
o Acidophilic 4. T. SEROSA/ADVENTITIA
o Secretes ANTIBACTERIAL
SUBSTANCES *PLEASE REVIEW THE DIFFERENT LAYERS &
DIFFERENT STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE ORGANS
2. SUBMUCOSA
 MEISSNER’S PLEXUS (SUBMUCOSAL
PLEXUS)
 DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 Contains blood vessels, collagen fibers

3. T.MUSCULARIS
 MYENTERIC PLEXUS in between muscle layers
 INNER CIRCULAR
 OUTER LONGITUDINAL

4. T. SEROSA
GOOD LUCK & GOD BLESS!!! 