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INDUCTION MOTORS
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Induction Motor Excel Review Center The rotor has no direct connection to the line.
The rotor of the induction motor does not rotate
An induction motor is an AC electric motor in which
as fast as the rotating field in the armature.
the electric current in the rotor needed to produce
The armature difference is called the slip.
torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from
the magnetic field of the stator windings.
𝑵𝑺 − 𝑵𝑹
%𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒑 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑵𝑺
General Types of 3-phase Induction Motors

Squirrel Cage Type – its rotor is self-contained

and resembles a birdcage. The rotor conductors
are permanently short circuited by end rings.

Speed: Nearly Constant or Adjustable or variable.

Torque: Medium starting torque. Depends on the
resistance of the rotor winding 1. Most Used 1. Has slip rings
Applications: Constant speed services (fans, 2. Simple 2. Adjustable torque
blowers, compressors, pumps, etc.) 3. Cheap 3. High Starting torque
4. Robust 4. Complicated construction
Wound-rotor type – its rotor has insulated coils 5. Efficient 5. Frequency maintenance
of wire and resembles a dc armature. The rotor 6. No Slip rings 6. Costly
conductors are connected to slip rings and
short circuited through the brushes., Excel Review Center

Speed: Variable.
Torque: Either high or low by inserting value of
resistance in the rotor circuit. (obtainable) Circuit Diagram of Induction Motor
Applications: Hoist, crane, conveyor, escalators,
elevators, pumps, etc.
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R1 X1 R2-1 X2-1
Power Stage of an Induction Motor I1 I2-1

Io
SPI RPI RPD RPO
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RLoad
𝑽∅ Go βo
Stator Rotor Rotor Rotor ሺ𝟏−𝒔ሻ
R2-1
Power Ih+e Iϕ 𝒔
Power Power Power
Input Input Developed Output
Where:
Stator Loss Vϕ: Applied voltage per phase X1: Stator reactance per phase
RCL SPL
ER: Rotor induced emf per phase X2: Standstill reactance per
Stator Copper Rotor Cu Loss Mechanical E2: Standstill rotor induced emf phase
Loss Loss per phase Io: no load current per phase
Stator Iron Loss R1: Stator resistance per phase I1: Stator current per phase
R2: Rotor resistance per phase I2: Rotor current per phase
Fundamental Formulas S: slip βo: No load susceptance per
Go: No load conductance per phase
phase
Synchronous 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒇
Speed 𝑵𝑺 = Blocked
𝑷 Rotor EMF 𝑬𝑩𝑹 = 𝒂𝑬𝑺/∅ Rotor Power 𝑹𝑪𝑳
Input 𝑹𝑷𝑰 = Rotor Power Developed
Rotor 𝒔
Frequency 𝒇𝒓 = 𝒔𝒇 Rotor EMF per
𝟏−𝒔
Rotor Copper 𝑹𝑪𝑳 = 𝟑𝑰𝟐𝑹 𝑹𝒆𝒇𝒇 𝑹𝑷𝑫 = 𝑹𝑪𝑳 ( )
phase 𝑬𝑹 = 𝒔𝑬𝑩𝑹 𝒔
Rotor Loss
Reactance 𝑿𝑹 = 𝑺ሺ𝑿𝟐 ሻ
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