This file is licensed to Sumita RoychaudhuryATTACHMENT 8.

3
(Sumita.Roychaudhury@Lntsnl.com). Publication Date: 6/ 1/2013
ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS 2013 - HEAT GAIN FROM OCCUPANTS
18.4 2013 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals (SI)

Table 1 Representative Rates at Which Heat and Moisture Are Given Off by Human Beings in Different States of Activity
Total Heat, W Sensible Latent % Sensible Heat that is
Radiant'>
Adult Adjusted, Heat, Heat,
Degree of Activity Location Male MJF• w w LowV High v
Seated at theater Theater, matinee 115 95 65 30
Seated at theater, night Theater, night 115 105 70 35 60 27
Seated, very light work Offices, hotels, apartments 130 115 70 45
Moderately active office work Offices, hotels, apartments 140 130 75 55
Standing, light work; walking Department store; retail store 160 130 75 55 58 38
Walking, standing Drug store, bank 160 145 75 70
Sedentary work Restaurant" 145 160 80 80
Light bench work Factory 235 220 80 140
Moderate dancing Dance hall 265 250 90 160 49 35
Walking 4.8 km!h; light machine work Factory 295 295 110 185
Bowlingd Bowling alley 440 425 170 255
Heavy work Factory 440 425 170 255 54 19
Heavy machine work; lifting Factory 470 470 185 285
Athletics Gymnasium 585 525 210 315
Notes: •Adjusted heat gain is based on nonnal percentage of men, women, and children for the application listed,
I. Tabulated values are based on 24°C room dry-bulb temperature. and assumes that gain from an adult female is 85% of that for an adult male, and gain from a child is 75%
For 27°C room dry bulb, total heat remains the same, but sensible of that for an adult male.
heat values should be decreased by approximately 200/o, and latent bValues approximated from data in Table 6, Chapter 9, where Vis air velocity with limits shown in that
heat values increased accordingly. table.
0
<..1 2. Also see Table 4, Chapter 9, for additional rates of metabolic heat Adjusted heat gain includes 18 W for food per indiv idual (9 W sens ible and 9 W latent).
c: generation. dfigure one person per alley actually bowling, and a ll others as s itting (I 17 W) or standing or walking
w 3. All values are rounded to nearest 5 W. slowly (231 W).
<(
0::
may be generated from ballasts and other appurtenances in the lumi- power density (LPD) (lighting heat gain per square metre) allowed
(/)
<(
naires. Generally, the instantaneous rate of sensible heat gain from by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-20 I 0 for a range of space types.
C'l electric lighting may be calculated from In addition to determining the lighting heat gain, the fraction of
..... lighting heat gain that enters the conditioned space may need to be
0
N
(I)
distinguished from the fraction that enters an unconditioned space;
© where of the former category, the distribution between radiative and con-
qel = heat gain, W vective heat gain must be established.
W = total light wattage, W Fisher and Chantrasrisalai (2006) experimentally studied 12
F111 = lighting use factor luminaire types and recommended five different categories of lumi-
Fsa = lighting special allowance factor
naires, as shown in Table 3. The table provides a range of design
The total light wattage is obtained from the ratings of all lamps data for the conditioned space fraction, short-wave radiative frac-
installed, both for general illumination and for display use. Ballasts tion, and long-wave radiative fraction under typical operating con-
are not included, but are addressed by a separate factor. Wattages of ditions: airflow rate of 5 L/(s·m2 ), supply air temperature between
magnetic ballasts are significant; the energy consumption of high- 15 and 16.7°C, and room air temperature between 22 and 24°C. The
efficiency electronic ballasts might be insignificant compared to recommended fractions in Table 3 are based on lighting heat input
that of the lamps. rates range of 9.7 to 28 W/m2 . For higher design power input, the
The lighting use factor is the ratio of wattage in use, for the con- lower bounds of the space and short-wave fractions should be used;
ditions under which the load estimate is being made, to total for design power input below this range, the upper bounds of the
installed wattage. For commercial applications such as stores, the space and short-wave fractions should be used. The space fraction
use factor is generally 1.0. in the table is the fraction of lighting heat gain that goes to the room;
The special allowance factor is the ratio of the lighting fixtures' the fraction going to the plenum can be computed as I - the space
power consumption, including lamps and ballast, to the nominal fraction. The radiative fraction is the radiative part of the lighting
power consumption of the lamps. For incandescent lights, this factor heat gain that goes to the room. The convective fraction of the light-
is I. For fluorescent lights, it accounts for power consumed by the ing heat gain that goes to the room is I -the radiative fraction. Using
ballast as well as the ballast's effect on lamp power consumption. values in the middle of the range yields sufficiently accurate results.
The special allowance factor can be less than I for electronic bal- However, values that better suit a specific situation may be deter-
lasts that lower electricity consumption below the lamp's rated mined according to the notes for Table 3.
power consumption. Use manufacturers' values for system (lamps + Table 3 's data apply to both ducted and nonducted returns. How-
ballast) power, when available. ever, application of the data, particularly the ceiling plenum frac-
For high-intensity-discharge lamps (e.g. metal halide, mercury tion, may vary for different return configurations. For instance, for
vapor, high- and low-pressure sodium vapor lamps), the actual light- a room with a ducted return, although a portion of the lighting
ing system power consumption should be available from the manu- energy initially dissipated to the ceiling plenum is quantitatively
facturer of the fixture or ballast. Ballasts available for metal halide equal to the plenum fraction, a large portion of this energy would
and high pressure sodium vapor lamps may have special allowance likely end up as the conditioned space cooling load and a small por-
factors from about 1.3 (for low-wattage lamps) down to 1.1 (for tion would end up as the cooling load to the return air.
high-wattage lamps). If the space airflow rate is different from the typical condition
An alternative procedure is to estimate the lighting heat gain on a [i.e., about 5 Ll(s·m2)], Figure 3 can be used to estimate the lighting
per square foot basis. Such an approach may be required when final heat gain parameters. Design data shown in Figure 3 are only appli-
lighting plans are not available. Table 2 shows the maximum lighting cable for the recessed fluorescent luminaire without lens.

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