Design and Optimization of Unified Power Flow
Controller (UPFC) based on IEEE 9 Bus System
2022 6th International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering (ELTICOM) | 979-8-3503-2071-8/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ELTICOM57747.2022.10037889
Surya Hardi, Ph.D Suherman, Ph.D
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara
Medan, Indonesia Medan, Indonesia
surya.hardi@usu.ac.id suherman@usu.ac.id
Abstract— In a modern electrical system network,
congestion can occur due to lack of coordination between supply
and demand to increase the burden of current transmission
users. The system no longer works inside its warm breaking
point. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) assumes a vital
part in the power system to upgrade the exhibition of existing
lines as well as to work on the security of the framework. UPFC
ought to be found ideally because of high capital venture. In this
paper, the optimization of UPFC is gotten by awareness based
approach as far as change in active power flow sensitivity in
order to improve the framework execution with IEEE 9
bussystem and the validation of the framework is approved by
Power World Test Simulator Software 19.0.
Keywords—Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), UPFC,
Voltage Stability, Power World
I. INTRODUCTION
The process of growing electricity users over time will
increase the demand for electrical energy [1]. According to
data from the 2021-2030 Electric Power Supply Business Plan
(RUPTL), the realization of the number of customers during
2011-2020 has increased from 45.6 million to 78.7 million or
an average of 3.7 million annually. The largest addition of
customers still occurred in the household sector, which was an
average of 3.3 million per year, followed by the business
sector with an average of 215 thousand subscribers per year,
the public sector with an average of 116 thousand subscribers
per year, and the industrial sector on average of 9 thousand
consumer per year.
This makes the manager of electric energy plants have to
increase the number of generating units and the number of
transmission lines. In an electrical system that has a high
complexity, the process of distributing electrical energy from
the generator to the consumer must have good system
stability.
The North Sumatra interconnection system is supplied by
PLN, Independent Power Producer (IPP), and swap energy
with PT. Inalum as well as some excess power to help meet
peak load needs. The highest peak load of North Sumatra in
2020 is 1,883 MW. Therefore, in maintaining the stability of
the electric power system in the transmission network, it is
planned to build 170-kilometer circuits (kms) in 2022 for 150
KV transmission in North Sumatra [1].
The stability of the electric power system is a characteristic
of the power system that allows the engine to move
synchronously in the system in normal operation and can
return to a balanced state after a disturbance. Instability of the
system can cause the generator at the power plant to lose
979-8-3503-2071-8/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE
ELTICOM 2022
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad de la Frontera. Downloaded on October 24,2023 at 00:39:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Rahmat Ridho
Department of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Medan, Indonesia
rahmatridho393@gmail.com
synchronism which in turn can cause the power system to fail
or collapse (collapse). If this happens, the operation of
electrical energy will be disrupted, especially when peak loads
occur. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate by adding tools to the
electric power system to maintain the stability of the electric
power system[2].
In order to improve the stability of the power system, an
effective technology is needed to optimize the stability of the
system when operating. One technology to improve the
stability of the current system is the Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS). The FACTS device is a device designed for
flexible and high-accuracy control and regulation of
transmission systems.
One of the FACTS devices that are often used is the UPFC
(Unified Power Flow Controller) which is the third generation
of FACTS technology. This UPFC is an integration of the
previous generation of FACTS devices, namely Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Static
Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) [3]. STATCOM is
usually used to maintain voltage stability, with additional
equipment can also be used to improve dynamic performance
[3].
SSSC is basically a serialized version of STATCOM.
These devices are connected in series and can control the flow
of power from the desired line and can be used to increase the
attenuation of the system. UPFC as a Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) device is able to provide
voltage regulation, phase shift, series compensation and shunt
compensation functions that can be performed simultaneously
and in real-time [4]. This study plans to place the UPFC
location on the 9 bus system and simulate the power flow
system using applications from Power World.
II. MODELLING OF UPFC
The static modelling of UPFC is developed for steadystate
condition. UPFC is a combination of series and
shuntconverters. UPFC has three control parameter, voltage
(VS), series insertion angle (Φs) and shunt current component
(Iq) is in quadrature with voltage Vi at UPFC ith bus [5].
The equivalent circuit of line including UPFC is as shown
in fig 1.The apparent powers of a line including UPFC are
given
as
Pis = -Vs2gi j – 2ViVsgi j cos (Øs–δi)
+ Vj Vs [gij cos (Øs – δj)
+ bij sin(Øs - δj)] (1)
66

Fig. 1. Injection model of FACTS controller
Qis = ViIq+ViVs[gi j sin (Øs – δi) + bijcos(Øs– δi)
Pjs = VjVs [gi j cos (Øs – δj) - bij sin(Øs - δj)]
Qjs = -VjVs[gi j sin (Øs – δj) + bijcos(Øs– δj)]
A. Power Flow Model of UPFC in Power World
SimulatorSoftware
A Comprehensive model is designed based on the
controlparameters such as real power, reactive power as well
asvoltages at bus must be simultaneously control [6]. A
uniquesolution can be provided for the security of the
network forthat purpose the active power or one of reactive
power orvoltage of every bus should be known. Power flow
solutionwould be constant if the connected element to the
desired busact as neutral to bus parameters.UPFC is
connected in thelinealways maintained the voltage (VEt ) in
sending bus i andinject PBt- QBt at receiving bus j as shown in
Fig.2.
Fig. 2. Network control by UPFC
Expecting misfortune free UPFC, the infused and retained
influence values to transport I and j would be equivalent as
displayed in fig .3. The PEt (P-Exciter) and Vet (V-Exciter)
are the known upsides of the UPFC sending end.
Fig. 3. Static Model of UPFC
In power world test system programming, as per UPFC
model an extra transport to be included the organization when
UPFC is executed at the sending or at the less than desirable
finish of the transmission network [6]. On the off chance that
UPFC is introduced at the center of the line, two transports to
be included the organization.
ELTICOM 2022
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad de la Frontera. Downloaded on October 24,2023 at 00:39:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
III. ACTIVE POWER FLOW SENSITIVITY INDEX APPROACH
The genuine power stream awareness record (PI)
reliesupon the presentation of the line under typical
andpossibility conditions. The way of behaving of
theloadability of the organization condition can be made
senseof by a functioning power stream awareness record (PI)
[7],strategy.
PI = ∑
(2)
(5)
(3)
Were,
(4) Nl = Total number of lines in the system
Wm = Real nonnegative weighting coefficient = 1
Pmax = Maximum loading capacity of the line
Plm = Actual power flow in the line
n = exponant = 2
The seriousness in light of the stacking states of the
organization under the consistent state and possibility cases.
The framework execution is examine in light of awareness
approach. During consistent state condition the PI esteem is
little and it is worked inside its warm cut off[8].
Meanwhile, when the over-loading condition reaches the
value of the increase in PI. The resulting record for dynamic
power flow responsiveness was determined considering the
conditions above regarding the size of the series inclusion
voltage as the UPFC control limit which is placed on each
channel in turn due to cost feasibility [9].
It ought to be found ideally. For concluding the portion of
UPFC, the most regrettable responsiveness file line is the
appropriate designation for UPFC situation for further
developing the framework execution and one more measures
can likewise be utilized for UPFC while concluding the
distribution isn't be put with producing transformer despite
the fact that the most bad awareness record[10].
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
In elaborating on the proposed strategy for confident
execution of the UPFC ideally examined on a customized
IEEE 9 system bus in Power World programming. Transport
1 is taken as concession transportation. Based on the power
flow investigation data, the authors observe that channels 4-
6 are abusing their hot disconnects.
Efforts made to reduce overload for framework safety
edge without rescheduling age or changing organization
geography to find valid UPFC designation by PI file
considering original power flow was specified regarding
steady state surcharge as UPFC control limit set in each
respective line in turn for a similar working state. UPFC
related PI response files are introduced in Table I.
From Table I, the sensitivity index with respect to Vs
forline 5-7 is having most negative sensitivity index and it
isindicated in bold. So, it is suitable for the placement
ofUPFCin line 5-7 to alleviate the overloading and
alsoenhance the system performance. The results are
Validated byusing Power world simulator software 1.0.
67
 TABLE I. SENSITIVITY INDEX FOR UPFC ON IEEE BUS
SYSTEM WHEN LINE 4-6 IS IN OVERLOAD SITUATION

S.No Line No. ə

=
ə
1 1-3 -1.153189506
2 2-4 -1.020868964
3 2-5 -3.681277585
4 2-6 -3.881693115
5 3-4 -0.668768017
6 5-7 -8.508273958

Fig.4 shows the framework is in blockage state under

consistent state condition. Fig.5 shows that when an UPFC Fig. 5. UPFC implemented in line 1-3 on 9 bus system
set in line 1-3 it lessens the over-burdening in line 4-6 from
104% to 101%. Fig .6 shows after execution of UPFC in line
2-4 , the line stacking cutoff to 101% . Comparable outcome
is acquired when UPFC is associated in line 2-5 as displayed
in Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 shows the line stacking is diminishes to 101%
subsequent to carrying out UPFC in line 3-4. Fig 10
demonstrates that it decreases the over-burdening in line 4-6
from 104% to 97% and the power stream demonstrated in
green variety bolts implies it works inside its warm breaking
point. In this way, line 5-7 is the best area of UPFC position
as per awareness record and it is approved by power world
test system programming for upgrading the framework
execution. From Table II, it shows that the prior to
introducing UPFC and subsequent to introducing the over-
burdening circumstance. Fig. 6. UPFC placed in line 2-4 on 9 bus system

TABLE II. OVERLOADING SITUATION BEFORE AND AFTER

PLACINGUPFC
Loading after
Line Overloading Before
Fig No. installing UPFC
No. placing UPFC (%)
(%)
4-6 Fig 4. 104 % -
1-3 Fig 5. 104 % 101 %
2-4 Fig 6. 104 % 101 %
2-5 Fig 7. 104 % 100 %
3-4 Fig 8. 104 % 101 %
5-7 Fig 9. 104 % 97 %

Fig. 7. line 2-5 with UPFC

Fig. 4. Modified IEEE 9 bus system with line 4-6 overload condition

Fig. 8. line 3-4 having UPFC

ELTICOM 2022 68
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad de la Frontera. Downloaded on October 24,2023 at 00:39:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Fig. 9. UPFC allocated in line 5-7
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, test results got on changed IEEE 9 bus
system for improving the framework execution in view of
responsiveness approach for distribution of UPFC in a line in
light of dynamic power stream execution file in order to
decrease the over-burdening condition. Line 5-7 is the best
area for the execution of UPFC according to most bad
responsiveness file and it is approved in power world test
system programming 19.0.
REFERENCES
[1] PT PLN (Persero), Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik
(RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) 2021-2030. Jakarta: PT PLN, 2021, pp.
IV(13-14). Diakses melalui www.pln.co.id pada 11 Maret 2022.
[2] H.M. Higgins, dkk, “The Unified Power Flow Controller: A New
Approach To Power Transmission Control Quantifying veterinarians’
beliefs on disease control and exploring the effect of new evidence: A
Bayesian approach”, Global energy interconnection, pp. 217-266,
2020.
[3] R. Gianto, “Application of STATCOM in Improving Dynamic
Performance of Interconnected Electric Power System,” IPASJ
International Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1-8,
2017.
[4] Qi Wanchun, Yang Lin, Song Pengcheng, “UPFC system control
strategy research in Nanjing western power grid”, Power Systems
Technology, vol. 40, no.1, pp.92-96, 2016.K. Elissa, “Title of paper if
known,” unpublished.
[5] J. G. Singh, S. N. Singh, S. C. Srivastava, “Optimal Placement
ofUnified Power Flow Controller Based on System
LoadingDistribution Factors.”, Electric Power Components and
Systems,37:4, pp.441-463.
[6] A. Kazemi, A. Esmaielie, M. T. Hassanzade, and R. Rezaiepour,
“Acomprehensive load flow model for UPFC and its combination
withESS,” International conference on Electrical and Elecronics
Engg.ELECO-2008, Aug 26, 2008.
[7] K.S. Verma, S.N. Singh, H.O. Gupta, “Location of unified powerflow
controller for congestion management.”, Electric Power
SystemsResearch 58 (2001) 89–96.
[8] Elsaharty, M. A., Luna, A., Candela, J. I., & Rodriguez, P,” A Unified
Power Flow Controller Using a Power Electronics Integrated
Transformer”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 34, no.3, pp.
828–839, 2019.
[9] Huang, H., Zhang, L., Oghorada, O., & Mao, M, “Analysis and Control
of a Modular Multilevel Cascaded Converter-Based Unified Power
Flow Controller”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 57,
no.3, pp. 3202–3213, 2021.
[10] Oo, M. M., & Thuzar, M,”Transmission Capacity Improvement Using
Unified Power Flow Controller with New Control
Strategy”,International Journal of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering and Telecommunications, vol. 10, no.3, pp. 225–232,
2017.

ELTICOM 2022 69
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad de la Frontera. Downloaded on October 24,2023 at 00:39:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.