Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan (2021) v(n): 1-3

DEPIK
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan
Journal homepage: www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/depik

Sustainable Development Perspective : Analysis Of Capture Fisheries In Muncar

District Banyuwangi
Herman Cahyo Diartho
Development Economics Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: Capture fisheries resources in Muncar District have enormous potential in supporting the lives of
Capture Fisheries the community, especially fishermen. However, in the current actual conditions, the volume of capture
Marine Ecosystems fisheries production in Muncar District is decreasing. The purpose of this research is to direct sustainable
Sustainable development efforts in the capture fisheries sub-sector so as to improve the welfare of fishermen. This is
Development done by optimizing the utilization of fishery resources without neglecting economic, ecological
(environmental) and social aspects. The results of measuring the level of sustainability of capture fisheries
DOI: 10.13170/depik.x.x.xxxxx resources in Muncar District show that the average value is still low. From each dimension (economic,
social and environmental) there are several criteria that have medium (M) and high (H) scores. This means
that each dimension requires alternative recommendations to support the sustainable development of
capture fisheries. From the economic dimension, reducing the quantity of catches is a priority in
formulating recommendations. In the environmental dimension, there is only one recommendation
development priority, namely the manufacture of WWTP according to standards. On the social dimension,
improving the institutional system is a choice of recommendations that can improve the management
system of capture fisheries resources in Muncar District to support increasing the welfare of fishing
communities. It takes synergy from all levels of society in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems.
Increased awareness of the people of coastal areas is needed to maintain the balance of the ecosystem of
capture fisheries resources. In addition, improving the quality of human resources for fishing communities
is an important thing the government can do to support the sustainable development of capture fisheries
resources.

Introduction environmental sustainability and functions (As,

Indonesia is an archipelagic country whose
territory consists of land and water, so that
Indonesia is known as a maritime and agricultural
country, so Indonesia has a wealth of diverse
energy and biological resources (Wibowo, 2014).
The fisheries sub-sector has an important role,
especially in producing animal protein in the
context of meeting food and nutrition needs,
increasing exports, providing industrial raw
materials, expanding employment and business
opportunities, and supporting regional
development while still paying attention to
2020). However, looking at Indonesia's
development so far is ironic because empirically
with great potential, the development of the
fisheries sector has received less attention and has
always been positioned as a periphery. This is
because so far the development strategy based on
natural resources has prioritized the agricultural
and mining sectors. In addition, the emphasis on
the development of the fisheries sector so far has
been more on resource exploitation, resulting in a
decrease in the quality of environmental
ecosystems and not paying attention to the

* Corresponding author.
Email address: cahyodiarthoherman@gmail.com

p-ISSN 2089-7790; e-ISSN 2502-6194

Received dd mm yy; Received in revised from dd mm yy; Accepted dd mm yy
Available online dd mm yy
This is an open access article under the CC - BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Author
A et al. (year)
economic added value that can be obtained from
this sector (Iqbal, 2015). Based on data from the
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, in
2016 the potential for capture fisheries in
Indonesia reached 9.9 million tons, where this
figure will continue to increase in the following
year as there are fewer foreign fishing vessels
circulating in Indonesian waters. The current issue
that often occurs is the problem of damage to
marine ecosystems. This has an impact on
unsustainable use of fisheries resources, because it
causes damage to ecosystems in the sea
(Alamsjah, 2015). Sustainable development in the
fisheries sub-sector, especially capture fisheries, is
ultimately expected to increase production,
expand employment opportunities, and improve
the welfare of fishermen and improve the regional
and national economy without neglecting
environmental aspects.
In fisheries development, the challenge to
maintain resources in a sustainable manner is a
fairly complex problem (Joshi, 2018). Fishery
resources are categorized as resources that can be
recovered, but the question that often arises is how
much fish can be harvested without causing
negative impacts in the future. Sustainability is a
key word in fisheries development which is
expected to improve the condition of resources
and the welfare of the fishing community itself
(Arief, 2015). Fishery resources are natural assets
that are extracted to provide maximum benefits
for humans. However, this aspect of benefits has
various dimensions, both economic, ecological
and social dimensions. The complexity of fish
resources makes fisheries development goals even
more complex (Mariani, et al. 2014).
Several studies have been carried out including
Hidayat (2013), it shows that programs for
development, empowerment and institutional
capacity building for fishing communities should
be carried out in a participatory, integrated,
synergistic and systemic manner involving all
maritime midwifery authorities. Related to Ratna
(2015) found there are four dimensions of
sustainable development including ecological,
economic, social and institutional that must be
pursued together. But, Dedi et al. (2014) shows
that the economic aspect has the greatest influence
among the other three aspects. The biggest
problem is about the fish price.
The importance of optimal, sustainable and
sustainable utilization of fish resources is a very
urgent demand for the welfare of the community,
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especially fishing communities who support their
lives from marine products. It’s related to Goals
14 of Sustainable Development Goals about
sustainability use the oceans, seas and marine
resources for sustainable development, is a
recognition of ecosocial problems of coastal areas
and the need for action (Jessica, 2019). Therefore,
in this research it is necessary to analyze
sustainable development strategies for capture
fisheries resources in Muncar District which is
one of the current development goals in Indonesia,
as well as look at the economic institutions of
fishing communities in Muncar District in
supporting the economic welfare of fishermen.
Materials and Methods
Location and time of research
This research was conducted in Muncar
District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java
Province. The selection of this research location
was determined purposively (purposive method).
Of the many sub-districts in Banyuwangi
Regency, this study chose Muncar Sub-district
because this area is one of the largest fisheries
centers in East Java and there are many activities
related to the fisheries sub-sector in this area,
especially capture fisheries. This research was
conducted from January to June 2017.
Figure 1. The maps showing the location of
Muncar
District the site of this study
Data analysis
This study uses descriptive research methods
because in its implementation it includes primary
data, analysis and interpretation of data from the
results obtained. This study uses primary data and
secondary data. Primary data was obtained
through interviews with parties related to the
capture fisheries sub-sector such as traditional
fishermen, fish traders, skippers (sea and land
owners) using a list of questions. Secondary data
is obtained from various sources such as
documents or publications from related agencies.

Author
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The method of assessing sustainability and
formulating recommendations using the
Sustainable Product-Service System (PSS method)
consisted of 4 stages, namely (1) Identifying the
dimensions of system sustainability, (2)
Formulating and selecting alternative
recommendations, (3) Conducting an assessment
of the detailed recommendations, (4) Evaluating
the recommendations to choose the best.
Results
Fishermen Community Institutions in Muncar
Institutional roles are indispensable in
economic development to regulate and control
economic actors in the market. In addition, the
presence of economic institutions seeks to
minimize transaction costs so as to improve
economic performance. In fishing communities,
existing local institutions have not been able to
improve the lives of fishermen. As happened in
Muncar District, poverty also occurs in the lives
of Muncar fishing communities.
So far, fishermen in Muncar Sub-District have
relied heavily on the skippers. They also do not
have access to capital from banks, because banks
consider credit for MSMEs in the marine and
fisheries sector to be high risk. The fish auction
place is also not functioning properly. Fish caught
by fishermen must pass through several hands to
reach consumers.
In a market, there are transaction costs that
must be paid by market participants in the form of
information, negotiation, monitoring and
coordination costs. These transaction costs arise
due to the transfer of ownership or ownership
rights. According to North (1991) in Fadhiela et
al. (2018), these transaction costs arise because
there is an imperfect flow of information so that it
is necessary to have an institution or institution
aimed at minimizing the incidence of transaction
costs.
Increasing the institutional capacity of
fishermen is needed as a step in improving the
level of welfare of fishing communities, especially
fishermen in the coastal area of Muncar District so
that the dependence and attachment of fishing
communities to their skippers can be minimized.
The policies made must also be able to touch the
needs of the fishing community and not only side
with the owners of capital, power holders and
employers.
System Sustainability Dimensions
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System Map
The capture fisheries system map identifies
capture fisheries activities in Muncar District as
well as material flows in the system, identifies
parties directly related to capture fisheries, such as
fishermen, fish processing industries, fish traders
both on a small and large scale and also fish flour
industry (fish waste processing).
Figure 2. Capture Fisheries System Map
Sustainability SWOT
After making a map of the capture fisheries
system in Muncar District, the next step is to
conduct a SWOT (strength, weakness,
opportunity, weakness) assessment. This SWOT
diagram was generated from assessment
questionnaires and interviews with fishermen in
Muncar District. The questions for a sustainable
SWOT refer to 6 criteria from 3 dimensions
namely economic, environmental and socio-
cultural, as well as other notes that are considered
important. This SWOT diagram will later be
useful in identifying recommendations for system
improvement (Purwaningsih, et al, 2016). The
SWOT diagram in more detail can be seen in
Table 1.
Sustainability Assessment
The final step in the first stage before
proceeding to the recommendation formulation
stage is to categorize sustainability criteria into No
(N), Low (L), Medium (M) or High (H) categories
to find out alternative recommendation criteria
that need to be developed. The assessment was
carried out by giving questionnaires to
respondents, namely fishermen in Muncar
District. Then data processing is carried out on the
answers of each respondent with a scoring system.
The answer "Yes" has a score of 1 and the answer
"No" has a score of 0. For the calculation system,
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the score is 1 for each total value of each criterion.

For example, in one criterion there are 4 questions Table 1. SWOT of Capture Fisheries Sustainability
with 2 answers "Yes", then the value is 2/4 or 0.5. in Muncar District
The table above shows that the sustainability
Table 2. Results of Capture Fisheries Sustainability value of capture fisheries in Muncar District is
Assessment in Muncar District still low. The average value of sustainability for
each dimension is above 0.44. The economic
Criteria Total value Average dimension has one criterion that has an average
Economic value of High (H), namely the criterion for the
Dimension quantity of catches. Based on the results of field
1.1 Income 36,25 0.37 M research and supporting data from the Department
1.2 Quantity 76.5 0.78 H
of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Banyuwangi
Number of
Catches Regency, fish catches in the Bali Strait waters
1.3 Capital Origin 56.5 0.58 M continue to decline every year.
1.4 Distribution of 6,25 0.06 L On the environmental dimension,
the catch environmental sustainability has a low average
1.5 Government 65.5 0.66 M value or Low (L), this shows that the fishing
Assistance community in Muncar District is starting to realize
1.6 Fish Prices 26.75 0.27 L the importance of keeping the environment clean
Average 44.62 0.45 L in coastal areas so that it is not polluted and
Environmental disturbs the balance of the coastal ecosystem. In
Dimensions contrast to the conditions a few years ago where
2.1 Environmental 16.5 0.17 L the community was reluctant to participate in
Sustainability
maintaining the cleanliness of the coastal
2.2 Catching tool 45.75 0.47 M
2.3 Fish Waste 68 0.69 M environment because their activities only
2.4 Fishing Radius 37,25 0.38 L exploited fishery resources.
2.5 Conservation 45,25 0.46 L
2.6 Biodiversity 60.5 0.62 M
Current Condition of Fisheries Prediction of Future Conditions
AverageCriteria 45.54 0.46 L
Social and Cultural Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat
1.Economic Dimension - The potential for
Dimensions - Fishermen's - Assistance from - The quantity
1.11.1Partnership
Income 24fishery resources
0.23 N skills are low the government in of fish caught
1.2Relations
Quantity Number in the Bali Strait in other fields the form of fishing continues to
of
1.2 ConflictCatches region
37.5 is abundant
0.38 L The number of
- gear that is more decline,
1.3 Capital
1.3 Education Origin if
63,25 utilized properly
0.64 M fish catches is environmentally fishermen do
1.41.4Institutional
Distribution of 61.75 0.63 M continuously friendly not earn
the catch
1.5 Occupational 61 0.62 M decreasing - Increasing the income
1.5Safety
Government
(K3) number of catches
Assistance
1.6 Rules/Norms 41.5 0.42 L of fishermen
1.6
Average Fish Prices 48,16 0.42 L
Average Value
2.Environmental 46,10
- Fishermen use 0.44 L- Fish waste is - Maintaining - Waste will
Dimensions environmentally dumped around environmental pollute the
2.1 Environmental friendly fishing Muncar waters sustainability will environment
Sustainability gear - Limited use of increase the and water
2.2 Catching tool - Fishermen do not fishing gear potential of areas
2.3 Fish Waste catch fish in capture fisheries
2.4 Fishing Radius conservation areas
2.5 Conservation
2.6 Biodiversity
3.Social and Cultural - Good - Fishermen's - With good - Exploitation of
Dimensions understanding of safety is education, marine
3.1 Partnership coastal threatened fishermen will be resources
Relations management by because they do able to understand
3.2 Conflict some communities not use safety sustainable
3.3 Education - There is minimal equipment that management of
3.4 Institutional conflict does 4not meet marine resources
3.5 Occupational standards
Safety (K3)
3.6 Rules/Norms

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Muncar fishermen have also started to do
conservation in the Kayu Aking Waters area
which is now a protected sea in accordance with
Banyuwangi Regency Regional Regulation No. 35
of 2003 concerning the Establishment and
Management of the Kayu Aking Waters Protected
Marine Area in Muncar District, Banyuwangi
Regency.
Other criteria on the environmental dimension
have a Medium value (M), namely fish waste and
biodiversity. The condition of environmental
sustainability in the Muncar waters is quite
apprehensive, fish species are decreasing and
catches are also decreasing every year, especially
in the past year. Disposal of industrial fish waste
also requires recommendations or improvements
because of the impact it causes.
The social dimension shows that the potential
for fishermen conflict in Muncar District is Low
(L), this shows that there is no conflict between
fishermen or between fishermen and bosses.
Fishermen have a good partnership relationship
with the skipper as the provider of capital.
Without the intervention of the skipper, fishermen,
especially labor fishermen, cannot catch fish in the
sea due to limited capital.
Discussion
Based on the results that have been obtained
regarding fisheries system maps, SWOT diagrams
to sustainability assessments, several alternative
recommendations have been formulated for each
dimension. The formulation of recommendations
is based on the results of the sustainability
assessment, where only those with dominant
Medium (M) and High (H) values will be given a
choice of recommendations. The formulation of
recommendations between each dimension is
interrelated, which in essence is to achieve
sustainable management of capture fisheries
resources based on sustainability aspects (Charles
et al, 2022).
In the economic dimension, alternative
recommendations are chosen to increase the
quantity of fish because it is the most dominant
attribute. The number of fish caught in Muncar
District, which is decreasing every year, is not
only caused by natural factors, but also by human
factors (Ratna, 2015). Marine area conservation
activities are one way that can be done to
rehabilitate the condition of the waters of the Bali
Strait. Improvement of fishing systems and also
the use of fishing gear that are more
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Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan
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environmentally friendly are also needed to
maintain the sustainability of capture fisheries
resources.
In the environmental dimension, alternative
recommendations are more directed towards waste
management. Waste pollutes the quality of
seawater so that fish and other marine organisms
cannot live properly. Making Industrial
Wastewater Treatment Plan (WWTP) canals
according to standards and operating correctly can
minimize waste pollution that occurs in the waters
of the Bali Strait.
From the social and cultural dimensions, it is
directed at increasing the level of education of
fishing communities in Muncar District. This also
related to Atikah (2013) That education has
implications for their knowledge of how to
manage capture fisheries resources in a
sustainable and sustainable manner so that
management is not only exploitation, but also pays
attention to environmental sustainability. In the
end, the sustainable development of capture
fisheries resources is directed at increasing the
welfare of fishermen and coastal communities. In
addition, institutional improvements in the
management of fish catches are also an important
matter to note. The existence of an institution that
is a forum for fishing communities is expected to
help fishing communities towards independence
and improve welfare.
From the explanation above, several main
points can be drawn. On the economic dimension,
2 recommendations are given, namely the
conservation of the waters of the Bali Strait and
the role of the government in providing assistance
in the form of fishing gear. On the environmental
dimension, one important recommendation is
given, namely the creation of an WWTP using
standard usage. On the social and cultural
dimensions, 2 recommendations are given, namely
increasing the educational level of fishing
communities, especially for fishermen's children
and institutional improvement for fishermen. This
can be one of long term strategy for better capture
fisheries (Mustaruddin, 2012).
After formulating alternative
recommendations, the next step is to compare
these alternatives with the current conditions. Can
the alternative recommendations formulated be
able to preserve capture fisheries in Muncar
District with categories that can be much better,
better, okay, the same or even worse than the
current conditions? Comparison of these

Author
A et al. (year)
recommendations is carried out by interviewing
fishermen who have knowledge about the
importance of sustainability in the development of
capture fisheries. The results of the comparison of
alternative recommendations can be seen in table
4.9.
Table 3. Comparison of Recommendation Formulation
Alternatives
Dimensions Criteria Mar
k
Economy a. Conservation of ++
the waters of the
Bali Strait
a. Government role
Environment + value of "++", which means that the alternative
b. Making WWTP ++
Social and Culture a. Education +
improvement
b. Institutional ++
improvements
Description: “++” Much better, “+” Better
From the table above it can be seen that all of
the alternative formulations of recommendations
for both economic, environmental and social
dimensions can have a much better impact on the
sustainable development of the capture fisheries
sector so that all of these alternatives can be
implemented. In line with Lukman (2012)
integration between environmental, economic and
social in favor of fishermen is needed to be
implemented.
Sustainability Radar
Creating a sustainability radar is the final stage
of the entire PSS method. The results of the
comparison of recommendations that have been
made in the previous stage are then visualized in
the form of a radar (Carlo, 2018). Criteria that
have a value of "++" or in the sense that if the
existing recommendations are implemented will
make the system better, described with the
sharpest radar out. Making this sustainability radar
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uses the Sustainable Design Orienting Toolkit
(SDO Toolkit) software.
Figure 3. Economic Dimension Sustainability
Radar
The figure above shows that the criteria for having
a medium category (M) are the level of income of
fishermen, assistance from the government, and
origin of capital. There is one criterion that has a
high category (H), namely the quantity of the
number of catches. This shows that these criteria
have an important role in the development of
capture fisheries resources. This criterion also has
the sharpest shape of the radar tip because it has a
recommendations given are much better if
implemented. For the criteria for assistance from
the government, it has a "+" value, which means
that if the recommendations are made, the existing
system will be better than before.
In Figure 4, the sustainability radar for the
environmental dimension shows that the fish
waste criteria has the sharpest radar tip because
when compared to the current system, these
criteria have a value of "++", which means that if
the existing recommendations are implemented,
the existing system will be much better than
before.
Figure 4. Environmental Sustainability Dimension
Radar
This criterion has a medium value (M). Another
criterion that has a medium value (M) is
biodiversity, as well as fishing gear. Biodiversity

Author
A et al. (year)
in the waters of the Bali Strait is increasingly
scarce, there are several types of fish which
cannot be found anymore in the waters of the Bali
Strait
Figure 4. Social Dimension Sustainability Radar
In Figure 5, namely the sustainability radar for the
social dimension, it can be seen that the criterion
that has the sharpest end of the radar is
institutional. This is because compared to the
current system, implementing institutional
recommendations will make the system much
better than the current one. This criterion has a
medium value (M) so it requires alternative
recommendations. Then another criterion, namely
education has a "+" value so that if these
recommendations are implemented it will also
make the system better than before.
Conclusion
The development of capture fisheries resources in
Muncar District has not yet reached a sustainable
stage. This is reflected in the calculation of the
sustainability assessment using the PSS
worksheet. The results of measuring the level of
development of capture fisheries resources in
Muncar District show that the average value is
still low. From each dimension (economic, social
and environmental) there are several criteria that
have moderate (M) and high (H) scores. From the
economic dimension, reducing the quantity of
catches is a priority in formulating
recommendations. The beneficiaries of capture
fisheries resources must provide an interest in the
form of conservation actions to maintain capture
fisheries ecosystems. In the environmental
dimension, there is only one development
recommendation priority, namely the manufacture
of WWTP and its use according to standards.
Better waste management can minimize pollution
so it does not affect the balance of fishery
resource ecosystems. On the social dimension,
improving the institutional system is a choice of
recommendations that can improve the
management system of capture fisheries resources
in Muncar District to support improving the
welfare of fishing communities. In the end,
improvements in every aspect of supporting the
sustainable development of fisheries can maintain
the sustainability of fisheries resources so that the
utilization of capture fisheries resources can be
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carried out optimally from an economic,
environmental or social perspective.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Banyuwangi
Marine and Fisheries Agency and Muncar
community, for the funding and all the
information needed to support this research.
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