REVISED DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL

FOR BRIDGE AT CHAINAGE 113.710

OF TAJ EXPRESSWAY
 Design of retaining wall

FIGURE SHOWING SALIENT FEATURES OF RETAINING WALL

0.500

Top Lvl of Retaining wall 183.150

EARTH FACE 9.25 m

G.L 176.900

0.600 3.000

0.300
173.900 FDN LVL.
3.000 1.000 4.500

8.500
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SUMMARY OF REINFORCEMENT
1. Design of Retaing wall has been carried out in right direction

2. In seismic case dynamic increment on earth pressure has been considered.

Stem up to RL 178.712 m
Reinforcement Required
Reinforcement at Earth face = 4467 mm^2 Reinforcement at Non Earth face = 600 mm^2
Distribution Reinforcement = 638 mm^2
Reinforcement Provided
Provide 25 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 2454 mm^2) 4909 at earth face.
and 25 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 2454 mm^2) (O.K) mm^2
Provide 10 mm @ 100 c/c i.e. ( 785 mm^2) (O.K) at other face.
Distribution 12 mm @ 150 c/c i.e. ( 754 mm^2) (O.K) at both faces.

Stem Above RL 178.712 m

Reinforcement Required
Reinforcement at Earth face = 1661 mm^2 Reinforcement at Non Earth face = 600 mm^2
Distribution Reinforcement = 255 mm^2
Reinforcement Provided
Provide 25 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 2454 mm^2) 3020 at earth face.
and 12 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 565 mm^2) (O.K) mm^2
Provide 10 mm @ 100 c/c i.e. ( 785 mm^2) (O.K) at other face.
Distribution 10 mm @ 150 c/c i.e. ( 524 mm^2) (O.K) at both faces.

Toe slab reinforcement (Main at bottom face)

Reinforcement Required
Main steel at Bottom face 3743 mm^2 Main steel at Bottom face 3743 mm^2
Minimum steel 1350 mm^2
Steel at Top face 250 mm^2 Distribution Steel at Top & Bottom 557 mm^2
Reinforcement Provided
Provide 25 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 2454 mm^2) 4025 At Bottom face.
and 20 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 1571 mm^2) (O.K)
Provide 12 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 565 mm^2) (O.K) at Top face.
Distribution 12 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 565 mm^2) (O.K) At Top & Bottom face.

Heel slab reinforcement (Main at top face)

Reinforcement Required
Main steel at Top face 1584 mm^2 Main steel at Top face 1584 mm^2
Steel at Bottom face 250 mm^2 Distribution Steel at Top & Bottom 250 mm^2
Reinforcement Provided
Provide 16 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 1005 mm^2) 2011 at Top face.
& 16 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 1005 mm^2) (O.K)
Provide 12 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 565 mm^2) (O.K) At Bottom face.
Distribution 12 mm @ 200 c/c i.e. ( 565 mm^2) (O.K) At Top & Bottom face.
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Design of Retaining wall :

Total Base Width = 8.500 m Total Base Length = 1.000 m

Total Height = 9.250 m Base Width/Height Ratio = 0.92

FOS,
Normal case FOS, sliding
P Max. P Min. overturning Heel Toe
124.52 106 1.92 4.41 0.136 0.165
OK OK OK OK OK OK
129 0 1.50 2.00 0.248 0.327
Seismic case 150 78 1.57 4.00 0.180 0.253
OK OK OK OK OK OK
161 0 1.25 1.50 0.373 0.491

A) Heel
Width = 3.000 m Thickness at root = 0.900 m Tip Thickness = 0.300 m

B) Toe
Width = 4.500 m Thickness at root = 0.900 m Tip Thickness = 0.300 m

C) Stem
Width at top = 0.500 m Height = 8.350 m Length = 1.000 m
Width at bottom = 1.000 m

1.0 Introduction

The design caters for the various loads and forces in the following cases and conditions.

(i) Normal Case (ii) Seismic Case

2.0 Design Data

2.1 Salient Reduced Levels (RL's)
Levels adopted in design
Top Level of retaining wall = 183.150 m 200.700 183.259 m 182.575 9.359 8.675
Lowest Bed Level = 176.900 m
Ground level Level = 176.900 m
Foundation Level = 173.900 m

2.2 Earth Pressure Parameters

The fill behind Retaining Wall shall conform to specifications given in appendix-6 of IRC:78-2000 and
shall have following parameters
f = 30 Degree g = 18 kN/m^3
c = 0.000 kN/m^2 g sub = 10 kN/m^3

Active Earth Pressure coefficient is based on the following additional parameters in Coulomb's equation

a = 1.511 radian b = 0.000 radian

d = 0.349 radian a = 90 degree
f = 0.524 radian d = 20 degree
Ka = 0.303 Kp = 0.000

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2.3 Subsoil Parameters (as per site investigations)

f = 30 Degree (SBC) in Normal Case = 129 kN/m^2

c = 0 kN/m^2 (SBC) in Seismic Case = 161 kN/m^2

2.4 Material Constants

Concrete Grade = M 35 Steel Grade = Fe 500

s cbc = 11.667 MPa s st = 240.000 MPa
s co = 8.750 MPa m = 10.000
t co = 0.500 MPa

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 1.700 MPa

3.0 Computation of Volumes of Substructure Components

For dimensional details of Retaining wall please refer to other sheets

(c) Portion Upto LBL

Stem Width at GL = 0.500 + 0.500 x 6.250

8.350
= 0.874 m

Volume = 0.500 + 0.874 x 6.250 x 1.000 = 4.295 m^3

2
(d) Portion Below GL

Volume = 0.874 + 1.000 x 2.100 x 1.000 = 1.968 m^3

2
(ii) Heel Slab
Volume = 0.900 + 0.300 x 3.000 x 1.000 = 1.800 m^3
2
(iii) Toe Slab
Volume = 0.900 + 0.300 x 4.500 x 1.000 = 2.700 m^3
2

(iv) Portion Between Heel Slab & Toe Slab

Volume = 1.000 x 0.900 x 1.000 = 0.900 m^3

(v) Backfill above heel

(c) Portion Above GL

Volume = 3.000 x 6.250 x 1.000 = 18.750 m^3

(d) Portion below GL

Volume = 2.100 + 2.700 x 3.000 x 1.000 = 7.200 m^3
2.000

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(vi) Backfill on flarred portion of stem

0.000 Width of backfill at GL = 0.500 - 6.250 x 0.500 = 0.126 m

8.350

(c) Portion Above GL

Volume = 6.250 x 0.313 x 1.000 = 1.955 m^3

(d) Portion below GL

Volume = 0.500 x 2.100 x 0.126 x 1.000 = 0.132 m^3

(vii) Frontfill

Stem Width at GL = 0.500 + 0.500 x 6.250

8.350
= 0.874 m

Volume = 2.100 + 2.700 x 4.500 x 1.000 = 10.800 m^3

2.000
4.0 Stability Calculations

4.1 Properties of Footing Base

A = 8.500 x 1.000 = 8.500 m^2

ZL = 1.000 x 8.500 ^2 = 12.042 m^3

6.000

ZT = 8.500 x 1.000 ^2 = 1.417 m^3

6.000

4.2 Case(i) Normal Case

Volume g P eL ML eT MT eToe Mtoe

S.No. Item (m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (m) (kNm) (m) (kNm) (m) (kNm)

(A) Vertical loads and their moment

1 Stem upto GL 4.295 24.000 103.069 -0.898 -92.550 0.000 0.000 -5.148 -530.593
2 Stem below GL 1.968 24.000 47.231 -0.781 -36.875 0.000 0.000 -5.031 -237.607
3 Back fill upto GL 18.750 18.000 337.500 -2.750 -928.125 0.000 0.000 -7.000 -2362.500
4 Backfill below GL 7.200 18.000 129.600 -2.813 -364.500 0.000 0.000 -7.063 -915.300
5 Backfill on flarred shaft above GL 1.955 18.000 35.198 -1.075 -37.835 0.000 0.000 -5.325 -187.428
6 Backfill on flarred shaft below GL 0.132 18.000 2.377 -1.208 -2.871 0.000 0.000 -5.458 -12.972
7 Front fill 10.800 18.000 194.400 2.094 407.025 0.000 0.000 -2.156 -419.175
8 Frontfill on flared shaft 0.000 18.000 0.000 -0.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 -4.500 0.000
9 Toe slab 2.700 24.000 64.800 1.625 105.300 0.000 0.000 -2.625 -170.100
10 Heel slab 1.800 24.000 43.200 -2.500 -108.000 0.000 0.000 -6.750 -291.600
11 Portion between Heel slab & Toe slab 0.900 24.000 21.600 -0.750 -16.200 0.000 0.000 -5.000 -108.000
Total 978.975 -1074.631 0.000 -5235.275

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(B) Horizontal forces and their moments @ RL

Item Length Height Unit. Wt. Pressure Horizontal eccty. Moment Moment
p Force about about about
Base Base toe
HL eL ML ML
(m) (m) '(kN/m^3) (kN/m^2) (kN) (m) (kNm) (kNm)

1 Active earth pressure upto Foundation level 1.000 9.250 18.000 50.481 233.477 3.885 907.057 907.057
2 Minimum fluid pressure 1.000 9.250 4.800 44.400 205.350 3.083 633.163 633.163
3 Governing=(Maximum of ((1)) and(2)) 233.477 907.057 907.057
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.200 1.000 9.250 18.000 6.549 60.58 4.625 280.172 280.172
4 Passive pressure 1.000 3.000 18.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000
Total 294.055 1187.230 1187.230

A) Check for Maximum allowable base pressure

P = 978.975 kN ML = -1074.631 + 1187.230 = 112.598 kNm

MT = 0.000 kNm

Pmax = P + ML + MT
A ZL ZT
= 978.975 + 112.598 + 0.000
8.500 12.042 1.417
= 115.174 + 9.351 + 0.000

Pmax = 124.524 kN/m^2 < 129.000 kN/m^2 (OK)

B) Check for no tension

Pmin = P - ML - MT
A ZL ZT
= 115.174 - 9.351 - 0.000
Pmin = 105.823 kN/m^2 > 0.000 kN/m^2 (OK)

C) Check against sliding

Restoring force, RF = m P + c.A + Fp

Where c = 0.000 kN/m^2

Area of base A = 8.500 m^2
Vertical load P = 978.975 kN
Friction coeff. m = tan f = 0.577
Passive force Fp = 0.000 kN

Substituting for above values , we get

RF = 565.211 kN

Sliding force SF = 294 + 0.000 = 294.055 kN

Factor of safety FOS = 565.211 = 1.92 > 1.500 (OK)

294.055

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D) Check against overturning

Restoring moment RM = S P.eToe + Mp

Where S P.eToe = 5235.275 kNm

Passive pressure moment, Mp = 0.000 kNm

Substituting for above values , we get

RM = 5235 kNm = 5235

Overturning moment OM = S HL.eL (Summation of Moments due to Horzontal Forces other than Passive Pressure Force)

Where S HL.eL = 1187.230 + 0

= 1187.230 kNm
Therefore OM = 1187 kNm

FOS = 5235.275 = 4.410 > 2.000 (OK)

1187.230

Seismic case

Part of Retaining wall embedded below ground level i.e. RL 176.900 m shall not be considered to produce any seismic force

(Z / 2) x (Sa / g)
Ah = (R / I)

Z = Zone factor = 0.240

R = Response reduction factor = 2.500
I = Importance factor = 1.500
Sa / g = Avg. response acc. coeff. = 2.500

Horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.180

Vertical seismic coefficient = 0.090

Volume of stem above ground level. = 0.687 x 1.000 x 6.250

= 4.295 m^3
Computation of longitudinal seismic force

S.No. Component Volume Unit. wt. V HS VS RL of HS eL Moment @ Moment Moment @ etoe Mtoe
173.900 Vs.eV 174.800 VS.etoe
Mhs Mvstoe
(m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (kN) (kN) (m) (m) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (m) (kNm)

1 Stem above ground level 4.295 24 103.069 18.552 -9.276 179.741 -0.898 108.371 8 91.673 -5.148 47.753
18.552 -9.276 SUM 108.371 8.330 91.673 47.753

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Case-(ii) Seismic case

A) Check for maximum allowable base pressure

FROM NORMAL LBL MAXIMUM LIVE LOAD CASE

P = 978.975 + -9.276 + 0.000 = 969.699 kN

Due to Vertical Loads in Normal Due to Horizontal Forces in Seismic Due to Passive Force in Normal Due to Passive Force in Seismic Due to Horizontal Due to Vertical
LWL Case LWL Case LWL Case (With modified FOS = 1.6) Seismic Force Seismic Force
ML = -1074.631 + 1395 + 0 + 0 + 108.371 8.330
= 436.731 kNm

MT = 0.000 kNm

Pmax = P + ML + MT
A ZL ZT

= 969.699 + 436.731 + 0.000

8.500 12.042 1.417

= 114.082 + 36.268 + 0.000

Pmax = 150.351 kN/m^2 < 161.250 kN/m^2 (OK)

B) Check for no tension

Pmin = P - ML - MT
A ZL ZT

= 114.082 - 36.268 - 0.000

Pmin = 77.814 kN/m^2 > 0.000 kN/m^2 (OK)

C) Check against sliding

Restoring force, RF = m P + c.A + Fp

Where c = 0.000 kN/m^2

Area of base A = 8.500 m^2
Vertical load P = 969.699 kN
Friction coeff. m = tan f = 0.577

Passive force Fp = 0.000 kN (Modified with FOS = 2 in Normal Case to FOS =1.6 in Seismic Case)

Substituting for above values , we get

RF = 559.856 kN

HL in Normal LWL Case Passive Pressure Force in Horizontal Seismic

Normal LWL Case Force in Seismic Case
Sliding Force SF = 339 + 0.000 + 18.552 = 357.457 kN

Factor of safety FOS = 559.856 = 1.57 > 1.250 (OK)

357.457

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D) Check against overturning (DUE TO VERTICAL

SEISMIC FORCES)
Restoring Moment RM = S P.eToe + Mp - Mvstoe

Where S P.eToe = 5235.275 kNm (From Normal LBL Maximum Load Case)
Passive pressure moment, Mp = 0.000 kNm (With modified FOS = 1.6)
Mvstoe = 47.753 + 0.000 = 47.753 kNm

Substituting for above values , we get

RM = 5188 kNm

(Summation of Moments due to Horzontal

Forces other than Passive Pressure Force) (DUE TO HORIZONTAL
in Normal LWL Case with Max. Loads) SEISMIC FORCES)
Overturning moment OM = S HL.eL + Mhs

Passive Forces Moment

in Normal LWL Case
Where S HL.eL = 1187.230 + 0 = 1187.230 kNm
Mhs = 108 kNm

Substituting for above values , we get

Therefore OM = 1187 + 108 = 1296 kNm

FOS = 5187.522 = 4.004 > 1.500 (OK)

1295.600

Design of Stem
The stem is designed as a cantilever slab
This section presents the calculations for design loads and moments for the following cases.

(i) Normal case (iii) Seismic case

Case-(i) Normal case

S.No. Item Volume Unit wt. P HL eL eT ML MT

(m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (kN) (m) (m) (m) (m)

Vertical Loads
1 Stem upto GL 4.295 24.000 103.069 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 Stem below GL 1.968 22.500 44.279 0.000 0.000 0.000
147.348 0.000 0.000

S.No. Item L Ka g H Pressure HL eL ML

(m) (kN/m^3) (m) (kN/m^2) (kN) (m) (m)
Horizontal Forces

1 Active earth pressure upto GL 1.000 0.303 18.000 6.250 34.109 106.591 3.507 373.814
2 Active earth pressure below GL 1.000 0.303 18.000 2.100 45.570 83.663 3.507 293.405
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.000 0.303 18.000 8.350 6.549 54.684 4.175 228.304
3 Minimum fluid pressure 1.000 4.800 8.350 40.080 167.334 2.783 465.746
4 Maximum of (1+2) & (3) 79.679 190.254 667.220
Total 244.937 895.524

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Therefore design loads and moments P = 147.348 kN

ML = 0.000 + 895.524
= 895.524 kNm

MT = 0.000 kNm

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 1.700 MPa

Check for Effective depth

deff. required = 895.524 x 1000000 = 726 mm < 938 mm (OK)

1.700 x 1000

Computation of main reinforcement at back face

Ast required = 895.524 x 1000000 = 4467 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 938
Computation of Minimum reinforcement at tension face

0.120 % of cross sectional area = 0.120 x 1000 x 1000 = 1200 mm^2

100
GOVERNING STEEL = 4467.18 mm^2

Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel
Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel
Total 4909 mm^2

Computation of main reinforcement at front face

0.060 % of cross sectional area = 0.060 x 1000 x 1000 = 600 mm^2

100

Provide 10 mm dia Tor bars @ 100 mm c/c (As = 785 ) as main steel

Distribution steel

0.300 x Moment = 0.3 x 895.524 = 250.747 kNm

Adopting 12 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 1000 -50 -25 -6 = 919 mm

Ast required = 250.747 x 1000000 = 638.0 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 919 x 2

As per IRC21:2000 Minimum Steel Required at each Face = 250 mm^2

Governing steel = 638.0 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c (As = 754 ) as distribution steel

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Check for shear;

Shear Force = 244.94 kN

Shear stress, tv = 244.94 x 1000 = 0.2613 Mpa < 0.318 OK

1000 x 938

Permissible Shear Stress :

Area of tension reinforcement = 100.000 x 4908.739 = 0.524

1000.000 x 937.500

Here, Asx100/ bxd = 0.524 For As x 100 / b x d = 0.25 t c = 0.23

For As x 100 / b x d = 0.50 t c = 0.31

So,for Asx100/ bxd = 0.524 tc = 0.318

From IRC:21-2000, Table 12B,

Permissible Shear Stress, tc = 0.318
From IRC:21-2000, Table 12C, K = 1.000 (for overall depth of slab is greater than 300mm)

So, permissible shear stress, = K x tc

= 0.318

Case-(ii) Seismic Case

S.No. Item Volume Unit wt. P HL eL eT ML MT

(m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (kN) (m) (m) (m) (m)

Vertical loads
1 Stem upto GL 4.295 24.000 103.069 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 Stem below GL 1.968 24.000 47.231 0.000 0.000 0.000
150.300 0.000 0.000

Therefore design loads and moments P = 150.300 kN

ML = 1035.682 + 91.673
= 1127.355 kNm

MT = 0.000 kNm

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 2.550 MPa

Check for effective depth

deff. required = 1127.355 x 1000000 = 665 mm < 938 mm (OK)

2.550 x 1000

Computation of main reinforcement at back face

Ast required = 1127.355 x 1000000 = 3749 mm^2
360 x 0.891 x 938

Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel
Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel
Total 4909

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Computation of main reinforcement at front face

0.060 % of cross sectional area = 0.060 x 1000 x 1000 = 600 mm^2

100

Provide 10 mm dia Tor bars @ 100 mm c/c (As = 785 ) as main steel

Distribution reinforcement

0.300 x Moment = 0.300 x 1127.355 = 338.207 kNm

Adopting 12 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 1000 -50 -25 -6 = 919 mm

Ast required = 338.207 x 1000000 = 573.7 mm^2

360 x 0.891 x 919 x 2

As per IRC21:2000 Minimum Steel Required at each Face = 250 mm^2

Governing steel = 573.7 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c (As = 754 ) as distribution sttel

Check for shear;

Shear Force = 190.25 kN

Shear stress, tv = 190.25 x 1000 = 0.2029 Mpa < 0.318 OK

1000 x 938
Permissible Shear Stress :

Area of tension reinforcement = 100.000 x 4908.739 = 0.524

1000.000 x 937.500

Here, Asx100/ bxd = 0.524 For As x 100 / b x d = 0.25 t c = 0.23

For As x 100 / b x d = 0.50 t c = 0.31

So,for Asx100/ bxd = 0.524 tc = 0.318

From IRC:21-2000, Table 12B,

Permissible Shear Stress, tc = 0.318
From IRC:21-2000, Table 12C, K = 1.000 (for overall depth of slab is greater than 300mm)

So, permissible shear stress, = K x tc = 0.318

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CALCULATION FOR CURTAILMENT

Bar curtailed at height 3.0m above the footing i.e at RL 177.800 and Lap length of bars i.e. 912 mm up to RL 178.712 m
S.No. Item L Ka g H Pressure HL eL ML
(m) (kN/m^3) (m) (kN/m^2) (kN) (m) (m)
Horizontal Forces

1 Active earth pressure 1.000 0.303 18.000 5.350 29.197 78.103 2.247 175.497
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.000 0.303 18.000 5.350 6.549 35.037 2.675 93.724
2 Minimum fluid pressure 1.000 4.800 5.350 25.680 68.694 1.783 122.504
3 Maximum of (1+2) & (3) 29.197 78.103 175.497
Total 113.140 269.221

Therefore design loads and moments

ML = 269.221 kNm

MT = 0.000 kNm

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 1.700 MPa

Check for Effective depth

deff. required = 269.221 x 1000000 = 398 mm < 820 mm (OK)

1.700 x 1000

Computation of main reinforcement

Ast required = 269.221 x 1000000 = 1661 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 758
Computation of main reinforcement at tension face

0.120 % of cross sectional area = 0.120 x 820 x 1000 = 984 mm^2

100
Governing steel = 1661.3 mm^2
Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel
Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as main steel
Total 3020 mm^2

Distribution steel

0.300 x Moment = 0.300 x 269.221 = 80.766 kNm

Adopting 12 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 820 -50 -25 -6 = 739 mm

Ast required = 80.766 x 1000000 = 255.4 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 739 x 2

As per 305.10 of IRC 21:2000 = 250 mm^2

Governing steel = 255.4 mm^2

Provide 10 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c (As = 524 ) as distribution steel

Retaining wall
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Design of Heel slab

The dimensions of Heel slab are as under

Width = 3.000 m Thickness at root = 0.900 m Tip Thickness = 0.300 m

Adopting 16 mm dia Tor bars as main steel near top face of heel slab

Effective depth, available = 900 -75 -8 = 817 mm

Case (i) Normal case

Assuming maximum base pressure occurs at corner C of footing

Pmax = PC = 124.524 kPa

ML/ZL = 9.351 kPa MT/ZT = 0.000 kPa

Therefore
Pmin = PA = 105.823 kPa PC = 124.524 Pa

PB = PA + 2. ML/ZL = 124.524 kPa PD = PA + 2. MT/ZT = 105.823 kPa

A B
105.823 124.524

105.823 124.524
D 3.000 C

The heel is designed along face AB

Pressure at earth face of stem = = 105.823 + 18.701 x 3.000 = 112.423 kPa

8.500

Upward force due to base pressure = 105.823 + 112.423 x 3.000 x 1.000 = 327.369 kN
2

Cg of upward force from stem face = 2 x 105.823 + 112.423 x 3.000 = 1.485 m

3 x ( 105.823 + 112.423 )

Moment due to upward force = 327.369 x 1.485 = 486.103 kNm

Moment due to downward loads

(i) Moment due to backfill upto GL = 337.500 x -1.500 = -506.250 kNm
(ii) Moment due to backfill below GL = 129.600 x -1.563 = -202.500 kNm
(iii Moment due to Heel slab = 43.200 x -1.250 = -54.000 kNm
-762.750 kNm

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Net design moment for Heel slab = -762.750 + 486.103 = -276.647 kNm

Moment per unit length of heel slab = 276.647 = 276.647 kNm

1.000

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 1.700 MPa

Check for effective depth

deff. required = 276.647 x 1000000 = 403 mm < 817 mm (OK)

1.700 x 1000

Computation of Main Reinforcement at Top Face

Ast required = 276.647 x 1000000 = 1584 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 817

Computation of Minimum reinforcement at tension face

0.150 % of cross sectional area = 0.150 x 900 x 1000 = 1350 mm^2

100

GOVERNING STEEL = 1583.547 mm^2

Provide 16 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 1005 ) as main steel at top face of heel slab
Provide 16 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 1005 ) as main steel at top face of heel slab
Total 2011 mm^2

Computation of main reinforcement at bottom

As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250.000 mm^2
Governing steel = 250.0 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as main steel at bottom face of heel slab

Distribution reinforcement

0.300 x Moment = 0.300 x 276.647 = 82.994 kNm

Adopting 12 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 900 -75 -16 -6 = 803 mm

Ast required = 82.994 x 1000000 = 241.7 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 803 x 2

As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250 mm^2

Governing steel = 241.7 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as distribution at top & bottom face of heel slab

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Check for shear

For shear, critical section is assumed to be located at a distance equal to effective depth from face of stem

Effective depth at root of Heel slab = 817.000 mm

Distance of critical section from tip = 2.183 m

Overall heel slab thickness at critical section = 0.900 -0.600 x 0.817 = 0.737 m
3.000

Effective depth at critical section = 737 -75 -8 = 653.600 mm

Base pressure at critical section = 105.823 + 18.701 x 2.183 = 110.626 kPa

8.500

Upward force due to base pressure = 105.823 + 110.626 x 2.183 x 1.000 = 236.254 kN
2

Base pressure cg. from critical section = 2 x 105.823 + 110.626 x 2.183 = 1.083 m
3 x ( 105.823 + 110.626 )

Moment due to upward force = 236.254 x 1.083 = 255.963 kNm

Computation of shear and BM at critical section

S.No. Item L B Height at Tip Height at V g P e M

Critical Section
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (m) (kN/m)

i) Back fill upto GL 1.000 2.183 6.250 6.250 13.644 18.000 245.587 1.092 268.059
ii) Backfill below GL 1.000 2.183 2.700 2.263 5.418 18.000 97.516 1.124 109.560
iii) Heel slab 1.000 2.183 0.300 0.737 1.131 24.000 27.155 0.938 25.478
370 403.097

Net BM at Critical Section, M = 255.963 -403.097 = -147.133 kNm

Top face slope, tan b = 0.900 -0.300 = 0.200

3.000

M tan b
Net shear at critical section = 370.258 -147.133 x 0.200 -236.254 = 88.982 kN
0.654 Due to base Pressure Force
d

Net shear per unit Length = 88.982 = 88.982 kN

1.000

Net shear stress = 88.982 x 1000 = 0.136 MPa < 0.248 MPa
1000 x 653.600 OK

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Permissible Shear Stress :

Area of tension reinforcement = 100.000 x 2010.619 = 0.308

1000.000 x 653.600

Here, Asx100/ bxd = 0.308 For As x 100 / b x d = 0.25 t c = 0.23

For As x 100 / b x d = 0.50 t c = 0.31

So,for Asx100/ bxd = 0.308 tc = 0.248

From IRC:21-2000, Table 12B,

Permissible Shear Stress, tc = 0.248
From IRC:21-2000, Table 12C, K = 1.000 (for overall depth of slab is greater than 300mm)

So, permissible shear stress, = K x tc

= 0.248

Case (ii) Seismic Case

Assuming maximum base pressure occurs at corner C of footing

Pmax = PC = 150.351 kPa

ML/ZL = 36.268 kPa MT/ZT = 0.000 kPa

Therefore
Pmin = PA = 77.814 kPa PC = 150.351 Pa

PB = PA + 2. ML/ZL = 150.351 kPa PD = PA + 2. MT/ZT = 77.814 kPa

A B
77.814 150.351

77.814 150.351
D 3.000 C

The heel is designed along face AB

Pressure at Earth face of stem = = 77.814 + 72.537 x 3.000 = 103.415 kPa

8.500
Taking moment of Loads about stem face

Upward Force due to Base Pressure = 77.814 + 103.415 x 3.000 x 1.000 = 271.843 kN
2

Cg of Upward Force from stem face = 2 x 77.814 + 103.415 x 3.000 = 1.429 m

3 x ( 77.814 + 103.415 )

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Moment due to upward force = 271.843 x 1.429 = 388.564 kNm

Moment due to Downward force
(i) Moment due to Backfill upto GL = 337.500 x -1.500 = -506.250 kNm
(ii) Moment due to Backfill below GL = 129.600 x -1.563 = -202.500 kNm
(iii) Moment due to Heel Slab = 43.200 x -1.250 = -54.000 kNm
-762.750 kNm

Net Design Moment for Heel Slab = -762.750 + 388.564 = -374.186 kNm

Moment per unit length of heel slab = 374.186 = 374.186 kNm

1.000

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 2.550 MPa

Check for Effective Depth

deff. required = 374.186 x 1000000 = 383 mm < 817 mm (OK)

2.550 x 1000

Computation of Main Reinforcement at Top Face

Ast required = 374.186 x 1000000 = 1427.913 mm^2

360 x 0.891 x 817

Provide 16 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 1005 ) as main steel at top face of heel slab
Provide 16 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 1005 ) as main steel at top face of heel slab
Total 2011

Distribution Reinforcement

0.300 x Moment = 0.300 x 374.186 = 112.256 kNm

Adopting 12.000 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 900 -75 -16 -6 = 803 mm

Ast required = 112.256 x 1000000 = 218 mm^2

360 x 0.891 x 803 x 2

As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250.000 mm^2

Governing Steel = 250.000 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as distribution at top & bottom face of heel slab

Check for Shear

For shear, critical section is assumed to be located at a distance equal to effective depth from face of stem

Effective depth at Root of Heel Slab = 817.000 mm

Distance of Critical Section from tip = 2.183 m

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Overall heel slab thickness at critical section = 0.900 -0.600 x 0.817 = 0.737 m
3.000

Effective depth at critical section = 737 -75 -8 = 654 mm

Base Pressure at Critical Section = = 77.814 + 72.537 x 2.183 = 96.443 kPa

8.500

Taking moment of Loads about stem face

Upward Force due to Base Pressure = 77.814 + 96.443 x 2.183 x 1.000 = 190.201 kN
2

Base Pressure cg. from critical section = 2 x 77.814 + 96.443 x 2.183 = 1.053 m
3 x ( 77.814 + 96.443 )

Moment due to upward force = 190.201 x 1.053 = 200.207 kNm

Computation of Shear and BM at Critical Section

S.No. Item L B Height at Tip Height at V g P e M

Critical Section
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (m) (kN/m)

i Back fill upto GL 1.000 2.183 6.250 6.250 13.644 18.0 245.587 1.092 268.059
ii Backfill below GL 1.000 2.183 2.700 2.263 5.418 18.0 97.516 1.124 109.560
iii Heel Slab 1.000 2.183 0.300 0.737 1.131 24.0 27.155 0.938 25.478
370.258 403.097

Net BM at Critical Section, M = 200.207 -403.097 = -202.890 kNm

Top face slope, tan b = 0.900 -0.300 = 0.200

3.000

M tan b
Net Shear at Critical Section = 370.258 -202.890 x 0.200 -190.201 = 117.973 kN
0.654 Due to base Pressure Force
d

Net Shear per unit Length = 117.973 = 117.973 kN

1.000

Net shear Stress = 117.973 x 1000 = 0.180 MPa < 0.3727 MPa
1000 x 653.600 OK
Permissible Shear Stress :

Area of tension reinforcement = 100.000 x 2010.619 = 0.308

1000.000 x 653.600

Here, Asx100/ bxd = 0.308 For As x 100 / b x d = 0.25 t c = 0.23

For As x 100 / b x d = 0.50 t c = 0.31

So,for Asx100/ bxd = 0.308 tc = 0.248

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

From IRC:21-2000, Table 12B,

Permissible Shear Stress, tc = 0.248
From IRC:21-2000, Table 12C, K = 1.000 (for overall depth of slab is greater than 300mm)

So, permissible shear stress, = K x tc

= 0.248
For Seismic case; = 0.248 x 1.500
= 0.373 MPa
Design of Toe Slab
The dimensions of Toe slab are as under

Width = 4.500 m
Thickness at root = 0.900 m
Tip Thickness = 0.300 m

Adopting 25 mm dia Tor bars as main steel near bottom face of Toe slab

Effective Depth, Available = 900 -75 -12.50 = 812.500 mm

Case (i) Normal Case

Assuming maximum base pressure occurs at corner C of footing

Pmax = PC = 124.524 kPa

ML/ZL = 9.351 kPa MT/ZT = 0.000 kPa

Therefore
Pmin = PA = 105.823 kPa PC = 124.524 Pa

PB = PA + 2. ML/ZL = 124.524 kPa PD = PA + 2. MT/ZT = 105.823 kPa

A B

D 4.500 C

The Toe is designed along face CD

Pressure at Earth face of stem = 124.524 + -18.701 x 4.500 = 114.623 kPa

8.500
Taking moment of Loads about stem face

Upward Force due to Base Pressure = 124.524 + 114.623 x 4.500 x 1.000 = 538.082 kN
2

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Cg of Base Pressure force from stem face = 2 x 124.524 + 114.623 x 4.500 = 2.281 m
3 x ( 124.524 + 114.623 )

Moment due to upward force = 538.082 x 2.281 = 1227.393 kNm

(i) Moment due to Frontfill below MSL = 194.400 x 2.344 = -455.625 kNm
(ii) Moment due to Toe Slab = 64.800 x 1.875 = -121.500 kNm
-577.125 kNm

Net Design Moment for Toe Slab = -577.125 + 1227.393 = 650.268 kNm

Moment per unit length of Toe slab = 650.268 = 650.268 kNm

1.000

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 1.700 MPa

Check for Effective Depth

deff. required = 650.268 x 1000000 = 618 mm < 812.500 mm (OK)

1.700 x 1000

Computation of Main Reinforcement at Bottom Face

Ast required = 650.268 x 1000000 = 3743 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 812.500
Computation of Minimum Reinforcement at tension face

0.150 % of Cross Sectional Area = 0.150 x 900 x 1000 = 1350.000 mm^2

100
Governing Reinforcement at tension face = 3743 mm^2

Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel at bottom face of Toe slab
Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 1571 ) as main steel at bottom face of Toe slab
Total 4025

Computation of Main Reinforcement at Top Face

As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250.000 mm^2

Governing Steel = 250.000 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as main steel at Topface of Toe slab

Distribution Reinforcement

0.300 x Moment = 0.300 x 650.268 = 195.080 kNm

Adopting 12 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 900 -75 -25 -6 = 794 mm

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Ast required on each face = 195.080 x 1000000 = 575 mm^2

240 x 0.891 x 794 x 2
As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250.000 mm^2

Governing Steel = 575 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as distribution at top & bottom face of Toe slab

Check for Shear

For shear, critical section is assumed to be located at a distance equal to effective depth from face of stem

Effective depth at Root of Toe Slab = 812.500 mm

Distance of Critical Section from tip = 3.688 m

Overall Toe slab thickness at critical section = 0.900 -0.600 x 0.813 = 0.792 m
4.500
Effective depth at critical section = 792 -75 -12.5 = 704.2 mm

Base Pressure at Critical Section = 124.524 + -18.701 x 3.688 = 116.411 kPa

8.500
Taking moment of Loads about stem face

Upward Force due to Base Pressure = 124.524 + 116.411 x 3.688 x 1.000 = 444.225 kN
2

Base Pressure cg. from critical section = 2 x 124.524 + 116.411 x 3.688 = 1.864 m
3 x ( 124.524 + 116.411 )

Moment due to upward force = 444.225 x 1.864 = 828.232 kNm

Computation of Shear and BM at Critical Section

S.No. Item L B Height at Tip Height at V g P e M

Critical Section
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (m) (kN/m)

i Frontfill 1.000 3.688 2.700 2.208 9.050 18.000 162.895 1.905 310.367
ii Toe Slab 1.000 3.688 0.300 0.792 2.013 24.000 48.306 1.567 75.694
211.202 386.060

Net BM at Critical Section, M = 828.232 -211.202 = 617.031 kNm

Top face slope, tan b = 0.900 -0.300 = 0.133

4.500
M tan b
Net Shear at Critical Section = -211.202 -617.031 x 0.133 + 444.225 = 116.189 kN
0.704 Due to base Pressure Force
d

Net Shear per unit Length = 116.189 = 116.189 kN

1.000

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Net shear Stress = 116.189 x 1000 = 0.165 MPa < 0.327 MPa
1000 x 704.167 OK
Permissible Shear Stress :

Area of tension reinforcement = 100.000 x 4025.166 = 0.572

1000.000 x 704.167

Here, Asx100/ bxd = 0.572 For As x 100 / b x d = 0.50 t c = 0.31

For As x 100 / b x d = 0.75 t c = 0.37

So,for Asx100/ bxd = 0.572 tc = 0.327

From IRC:21-2000, Table 12B,

Permissible Shear Stress, tc = 0.327
From IRC:21-2000, Table 12C, K = 1.000 (for overall depth of slab is greater than 300mm)

So, permissible shear stress, = K x tc

= 0.327
Case (ii) Seismic Case

Assuming maximum base pressure occurs at corner C of footing

Pmax = PC = 150.351 kPa

ML/ZL = 36.268 kPa MT/ZT = 0.000 kPa

Therefore
Pmin = PA = 77.814 kPa PC = 150.351 Pa

PB = PA + 2. ML/ZL = 150.351 kPa PD = PA + 2. MT/ZT = 77.814 kPa

A B
77.814 150.351

77.814 150.351
D C
4.500

The Toe is designed along face CD

Pressure at Earth face of stem = 150.351 + -72.537 x 4.500 = 111.949 kPa

8.500
Taking moment of Loads about stem face

Upward Force due to Base Pressure = 150.351 + 111.949 x 4.500 x 1.000 = 590.174 kN
2

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Cg of Base Pressure force from stem face = 2 x 150.351 + 111.949 x 4.500 = 2.360 m
3 x ( 150.351 + 111.949 )

Moment due to upward force = 590.174 x 2.360 = 1392.693 kNm

(i) Moment due to Frontfill = 194.400 x 2.344 = -455.625 kNm

(ii) Moment due to Toe Slab = 64.800 x 1.875 = -121.500 kNm
-577.125 kNm

Net Design Moment for Toe Slab = -577.125 + 1392.693 = 815.568 kNm

Moment per unit length of Toe slab = 815.568 = 815.568 kNm

1.000

k = 0.327 j = 0.891 R = 2.550 MPa

Check for Effective Depth

deff. required = 815.568 x 1000000 = 566 mm < 812.500 mm (OK)

2.550 x 1000
Computation of Main Reinforcement at Bottom Face

Ast required = 815.568 x 1000000 = 3129 mm^2

360 x 0.891 x 812.500

Provide 25 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 2454 ) as main steel at bottom face of Toe slab
Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 1571 ) as main steel at bottom face of Toe slab
Total 4025

Computation of Main Reinforcement at Top Face

As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250.000 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565.487 ) as main steel at Topface of Toe slab

Distribution Reinforcement

0.300 x Moment = 0.300 x 815.568 = 244.671 kNm

Adopting 12 mm dia bars

Available effective depth = 900 -75 -25 -6 = 794 mm

Ast required on each face = 244.671 x 1000000 = 480 mm^2

360 x 0.891 x 794 x 2

As per cl.707.2.8 IRC78-2000-All faces of the footing shall be provided with a minimum steel of = 250.000 mm^2

Governing Steel = 480 mm^2

Provide 12 mm dia Tor bars @ 200 mm c/c (As = 565 ) as distribution at top & bottom face of Toe slab

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

Check for Shear

For shear, critical section is assumed to be located at a distance equal to effective depth from face of stem

Effective depth at Root of Toe Slab = 812.500 mm

Distance of Critical Section from tip = 3.688 m

Overall Toe slab thickness at critical section = 0.900 -0.600 x 0.813 = 0.792 m
4.500
Effective depth at critical section = 792 -75 -13 = 704.2 mm

Base Pressure at Critical Section = 150.351 + -72.537 x 3.688 = 118.882 kPa

8.500
Taking moment of Loads about stem face

Upward Force due to Base Pressure = 150.351 + 118.882 x 3.688 x 1.000 = 496.398 kN
2

Base Pressure cg. from critical section = 2 x 150.351 + 118.882 x 3.688 = 1.916 m
3 x ( 150.351 + 118.882 )

Moment due to upward force = 496.398 x 1.916 = 950.892 kNm

Computation of Shear and BM at Critical Section

S.No. Item L B Height at Tip Height at V g P e M

Critical Section
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m^3) (kN/m^3) (kN) (m) (kN/m)

i Frontfill 1.000 3.688 2.700 2.208 9.050 18.000 162.895 1.905 310.367
ii Toe Slab 1.000 3.688 0.300 0.792 2.013 24.000 48.306 1.567 75.694
211.202 386.060
Net BM at Critical Section, M = 950.892 -386.060 = 564.832 kNm

Top face slope, tan b = 0.900 -0.300 = 0.133

4.500
M tan b
Net Shear at Critical Section = -211.202 -564.832 x 0.133 + 496.398 = 178.246 kN
0.704 Due to base Pressure Force
d

Net Shear per unit Length = 178.246 = 178.246 kN

1.000

Net shear Stress = 178.246 x 1000 = 0.253 MPa < 0.491 MPa
1000 x 704.167 OK
Permissible Shear Stress :

Area of tension reinforcement = 100.000 x 4025.166 = 0.572

1000.000 x 704.167

Here, Asx100/ bxd = 0.572 For As x 100 / b x d = 0.50 t c = 0.31

For As x 100 / b x d = 0.75 t c = 0.37

So,for Asx100/ bxd = 0.572 tc = 0.327

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

From IRC:21-2000, Table 12B,

Permissible Shear Stress, tc = 0.327
From IRC:21-2000, Table 12C, K = 1.000 (for overall depth of slab is greater than 300mm)

So, permissible shear stress, = K x tc

= 0.327
For, seismic case; = 0.327 x 1.50
= 0.491 Mpa

Retaining wall
 706698530.xls

SEISMIC CASE :

The project road is considered in seismic zone IV and calculation made accordingly
Horizontal Seismic Force

Feq = Seismic forces to be resisted

Feq = Ah x (Dead load + Appropriate Live load)
Ah = horizontal seismic coefficient

= Z Sa
2 g
R
I

Zone No. Zone factor

Z = Zone factor V 0.36
IV 0.24
I = Importance factor III 0.16
II 0.10
Important bridges = 1.5
Other bridges = 1.0

T = Fundamental period of the bridge member (in sec.)

or horizontal vibrations.

= 2.0 D 1/2

1000F

D = appropriate dead load of the superstructure , and live load in KN

F = Horizontal force in KN required to be applied at the center of mass of the

superstructure for one mm horizontal deflection at the top of the pier/abutment along
the considered direction of horizontal force.

Sa = 2.5 (For small bridges)

g

R = Response reduction factor = 2.5

For medium soil sites

Sa = 2.5 0.0 < T < 0.55
g 1.36 /T 0.55 < T < 4.0

Ah = 0.24 x 2.500
2
2.5
1.5
Ah = 0.180

SIS5
 706698530.xls

Calculation for Dynamic Increment of Earth pressure

Dynamic increment due to seismic force

Ca = Cos 2 ( f - l -a ) Cos d (1 + a v)
Cos a Cos ( a + d + l ) Cos l [1 + sqrt(Sin (f + d ) Sin (f - b - l ) / (Cos ( a + d + l) Cos ( a - b )))] 2
2

a h = 0.180
av = 0.090
f = 30.00 0.524
d = 20.00 0.349
a = 0.00 0.000
b = 0.00 0.000
l = tan-1 a h 0.164
=
(1 + a v) 0.195

1 2
Ca = 0.431 0.3863

Ca = 0.431
Ka = 0.303
Dynamic Increment = 0.431 -0.303 = 0.128

3 Earth Pressure : DRY CASE (Seismic case)

Equivalent Live Load Surcharge height = 1.2 m
Assuming gdry = 18 kN/m^3
gwater = 10.00 kN/m^3

183.150 (Top level of retaining wall)

E1
E3

14.352 2.756 176.900 ( G L )

Earth Pressure Diagram for Dynamic Increment

EARTH SIS
 706698530.xls

Intensity for rectangular portion

= 0.128 x 18 x 1.2 = 2.756 kN/m^2

E1 = 2.756 x 6.250 x 1.000 = 17.22 kN

Intensity for triangular portion

At LWL = 0.128 x 18 x 6.250 = 14.35 kN/m^2

(At Foundation = 0.128 x 18 x 9.250 = 21.24 kN/m^2

bottom level)

E3 = 0.5 x 14.35 x 6.25 x 1.00 = 44.85 kN

Moment @ RL 176.900 m (at LWL)

M1 = 17.22 x 4.13 = 71.04 kN.m

M3 = 44.85 x 3.13 = 140.16 kN.m

Moment @ RL 173.900

M1 = 17.22 x 6.11 = 105.14 kN.m

M3 = 44.85 x 4.63 = 207.43 kN.m

Force Due To Fluid Pressure

As per Cl. 217.1 of IRC :6 -2000 g fluid = 4.8 kN/m^3

183.15 top level of retaining wall

30.00 176.90 GL

44.40 173.90 ( Foundation level)

EARTH SIS
 706698530.xls

Intensity for
triangular portion

(At abutment Shaft = 4.800 x 6.250 = 30.00 kN/m^2

bottom level)

(At Foundation = 4.800 x 9.250 = 44.40 kN/m^2

F1 = 0.50 x 30.000 x 6.250 x 1.000 = 93.75 kN

F2 = ( 30.00 + 44.40 ) x 3.00 x 1.00 = 111.60 kN

2

M1 = 93.75 x 2.08 = 195.31 kN.m

(At abutment Shaft bottom level)

M2 = 205.35 x 3.08 = 633.16 kN.m

(At Foundation

Summary of Moment and Horizontal Force Dry Seismic Case

MOMENTS HORIZONTAL FORCE

At GL At Foundation Bottom At Foundation Bottom
kN-m kN-m kN
Due to active Earth Pressure(Static) 667.22 907.06 233.48

Due to active Earth Pressure 140.16 207.43 44.85

(dynamic Increment)
Total Earth Pressure 807.38 1114.49 278.33

Due to Minimum Fluid Pressure 195.31 633.16 205.35

Governing of Two 807.38 1114.49 278.33

Due to Live Load Surcharge (Static) 228.30 280.17 60.58

Total 1035.68 1394.66 338.90

EARTH SIS
 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

Design of Cantilever and Solid Returnwall

3.095 m 3.500 m
B
A Y direction
0.6 m

2.663 m

7.763 m

X direction A' B'

1) Normal Condition

Length of Solid Return = 3.500 m Heigth of Solid Return = 7.763 m

Length of Cantilever Return 3.095 m Height of Cantilever Return at tip = 0.600 m
Height of cantilever Return(taper ) = 2.063 m Height of Cantilever Return at root = 2.663 m
Thickness of Solid Return at farther end = 0.500 m Thickness of Cantilever return = 0.500 m
Thickness of Solid Return at Root = 0.500 m Unit weight of soil = 18 kN/m^3
Thickness of Solid Return at bottom = 0.500 m j = 0.889
Thickness of Solid Return at top = 0.500 m s cbc = 10.000 Mpa
Value of K = 0.306 R = 1.481 Mpa
Grade of Conc. = M 30 s st = 200 Mpa
k = 0.333 m = 10

For design of return wall Load case 11a and their formulae have been used.

Here, a/b = 0.4509 a/b = 0.75 b1 = 1.246 b2 = 1.186

a/b = 1.00 b1 = 1.769 b2 = 1.769
For uniformally distributed load over entire plate

For, a/b = 0.451 b1 = 0.620

b2 = 0.488

q = 0.306 x 18 x 1.2

= 6.610 kN/m^2

Max. sb = b1 x q x b^2
(t1)^2

sa = b2 x q x b^2
(t2)^2

sb = 0.620 x 6.610 x 60.264

0.250

= 988.145 kN/m^2

= 0.988 MPa

For 1000 mm of width , Z = 1000 x 250000

6
= 41666666.6667 mm^3
 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

Hence Moment /m width along Y direction -

My /m width = 0.988 x 41666666.6667

= 41172696 Nmm/m

= 41.173 kN.m/m

sa = 0.488 x 6.610 x 60.264

0.250

= 778.158224267155

= 0.7782 MPa

For 1000 mm of height , Z = 1000 x 250000

6
= 41666666.6667 mm^3

Hence, Moment /m height along X direction -

Mx /m height = 0.7782 x 41666666.6667

= 32423259.3444648 Nmm/m

= 32.423 kN.m/m

For triangular loading due to Earth Pressure

Refer Load case No. 11 d

For, a/b = 0.4509 a/b = 0.75 b1 = 0.537 b2 = 0.276

a/b = 1.00 b1 = 0.695 b2 = 0.397
b1 = 0.348
b2 = 0.131
q = 0.306 x 18 x 7.763

= 42.759 kN/m^2

Max. sb = b1 x q x b^2
(t1)^2

sa = b2 x q x b^2
(t2)^2

sb = 0.347941388638413 x 42.759 x 60.264

0.25

= 3586.318 kN/m^2

= 3.586 MPa

For 1000 mm of width , Z = 1000 x 250000

6
= 41666666.6667 mm^3

Hence Moment /m width along Y direction -

My /m width = 3.586 x 41666666.6667

= 149429909.043535 Nmm/m

= 149.430 kN.m/m
 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

sa = 0.131214607754734 x 42.759 x 60.264

0.25

= 1352.46136565945

= 1.352 MPa

For 1000 mm of height , Z = 1000 x 250000

6
= 41666666.6667 mm^3

Hence Moment /m height along X direction -

Mx /m height = 1.352 x 41666666.6667

= 56352556.902477 Nmm/m

= 56.353 kN.m/m

Total Moment in Solid Return Wall / m height = 88.776 kN.m/m

Total Moment in Solid Return Wall / m width = 190.603 kN.m/m

3.095 m

0.600 m

y
2.063 m
dy

X X = 3.095 + -1.500 y

Earth pressure due to LL surchage = 0.306 x 18 x 1.2 = 6.610 kN / m^2

Earth pressure at a depth of 0.6 m from top = 0.306 x 18 x 0.6 = 3.305 kN / m^2

Earth pressure at a depth y from top = 0.306 x 18 x y = 5.508 y

A LL surchage on top 0.6 m

Force = 6.610 x 3.095 x 0.6 = 12.274 kN

Moment at face BB' = 12.274 x ( 3.095 + 3.500 ) = 61.953 kN.m

(Mx) 1 2

B LL surchage on triangular portion

Force for unit strip = 6.610 x X x dy = 6.610 X dy

(dMx) 2 = 6.610 X dy x { X + 3.5 }

2

= 6.610 x { X ^2 + 3.5 X } dy
2

= 6.610 x { ( 3.095 + -1.500 y ) ^2 + 3.50 x ( 3.095 + -1.500 y ) } dy

2

= 6.610 x { ( 4.790 + 1.125 y^2 + -4.643 y ) + 10.833 + -5.250 y } dy

= 6.610 x ( 15.622 + 1.125 y^2 + -9.893 y ) dy

After integrating between limits 0 and 2.063 m

(Mx) 2 = 6.610 x ( 15.622 x 2.063 + 0.375 x 2.063 ^3 + -4.946

x 2.063 ^2)
= 6.610 x ( 32.233 + 3.294 + -21.058 )

= 95.639 kN.m
 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

C Earth press. on top 0.6 m

Force = 0.5 x 3.305 x 3.095 x 0.6 = 3.069 kN

Moment at face BB' = 3.069 x ( 3.095 + 3.500 ) = 15.488 kN.m

(Mx) 3 2

D Earth pressure on triangular portion

Force for unit strip = ( 3.305 + 5.508 y ) X x dy

(dMx) 4 = ( 3.305 + 5.508 y ) X x { X + 3.5 }

2
= ( 3.305 X ^2 + 11.5668 X + 2.754 X ^2 x y + 19.278 X x y ) dy
(Part 1 ) (Part 2 ) (Part 3 ) (Part 4 )

Part 1 :

(dMx) 4.1 = 3.3048 X ^2 dy

= 3.3048 x ( 3.095 + -1.500 y ) ^2 dy

= 3.3048 x ( 9.579025 + 2.25 y^2 + -9.285 y ) dy

After integrating between limits 0.000 and 2.063 m

(Mx) 4.1 = 3.3048 x ( 9.579025 x 2.063 + 0.75 x 2.06 ^3 + -4.6425

x 2.063 ^2 )
= 3.3048 x ( 9.579 x 2.06333333333 + 0.750 x 8.78 + -4.643
x 4.25734444 )
= 3.3048 x ( 19.765 + 6.588 + -19.764721583 )

= 3.3048 x ( 6.5882405278 )

= 21.7728173 kN.m

Part 2 :

(dMx) 4.2 = 11.5668 X dy

= 11.5668 x ( 3.095 + -1.500 y ) dy

= ( 35.799246 + -17.3502 y ) dy

After integrating between limits 0.000 and 2.063 m

(Mx) 4.2 = 35.799246 x 2.0633333333 + -8.6751 x 2.0633333333 ^2

= 73.8657776 + -36.93288879

= 36.9328888 kN.m

Part 3 :

(dMx) 4.3 = 2.754 X ^2 x y dy

= 2.754 x ( 3.095 + -1.500 y ) ^2 x y x dy

= 2.754 x ( 9.579025 y + 2.25 y ^3 + -9.285 y^2 ) x dy

 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

After integrating between limits 0.000 and 2.063 m

(Mx) 4.3 = 2.754 x ( 4.7895125 x 2.06333333333 ^2 + 0.5625 x 2.06333333333 ^4 + -3.095

x 2.06333333 ^3 )
= 2.754 x ( 20.390604433 + 10.1953022167 + -27.187472578 )

= 2.754 x ( 3.3984340722 )

= 9.359 kN.m

Part 4 :

(dMx) 4.4 = 19.278 X x y dy

= 19.278 x ( 3.095 + -1.500 y ) x y x dy

= ( 59.66541 y + -28.917 y^2 ) dy

After integrating between limits 0.000 and 2.063 m

(Mx) 4.4 = 29.832705 x 2.0633333333 ^2 + -9.639 x 2.0633333333 ^3

= 127.008101 + -84.672067263

= 42.3360336 kN.m

(Mx) 4 = 21.7728173 + 36.93288879 + 9.35928743496 + 42.336033631

= 110.401027 kN.m

Total Moment at face BB' = (Mx) 1 + (Mx) 2 + (Mx) 3 + (Mx) 4

= 61.953152292 + 95.6385948762 + 15.48828807 + 110.401027

= 283.481 kN.m

Moment due to Cantilever Return

Moment due to earth pressure at face AA

M = 0.306 x 1.2 x 18 x 0.6 x 3.0950 x 1.5475

+ 0.5 x 0.306 x 18 x 0.36 x 3.0950 x 1.5475

+ 0.5 x 0.306 x 18 x 0.4444 x X^2 x dx 3.0950 -X)

+ 0.306 x 18 x 1.8 x 0.6667 x X x dx 3.0950 -X)

= 18.9940571 + 4.748514273 + 1.224 x 7.6464766626 + 6.6096 x 4.9411804

= 23.7425714 + 9.359287435 + 32.6592259443

= 65.761 kN.m

Moment in Solid Return /m height = 88.776 + 283.481

(including cantilever moment) 7.763
= 125.293 kN.mm / m

Moment in Solid Return /m width = 190.603 kN.mm / m

(including cantilever moment)
 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

Design of Face BB'

Moment in Solid Return /m height = 125.293 kN.m / m

Assuming 50 mm cover an 25 mm dia bar.

Effective depth available = 500 -50 -25 -12.5

= 412.5 mm

M = R x b x d^2

= 1.481 x 1000 x 170156.25

= 252083333.333333 N.mm

= 252.083 kN.mm > Moment Applied, Hence OK

Ast / m = M
s st x j x d

= 1708.538 mm^2/m

Design for Face A'B'

Moment in Solid Return /m width = 190.603 kN.m / m

Assuming 50 mm cover an 25 mm dia bar.

Effective depth available = 500 -50 -12.5

= 437.5 mm

M = R x b x d^2

= 1.481 x 1000 x 191406.25

= 283564814.814815 N.mm / m

= 283.565 kN.m / m > Moment Applied, Hence OK

Ast / m = M
s st x j x d

= 2450.605 mm^2/m
 Abutment and open foundation(BR. at Km.215.601)

Cantilever Return Wall will also bend in a vertical plane due to its self weight.

Mx = 0.5 x ( 0.6 + 2.663 ) x 3.095 x 0.5 x 24 x 1.221

Mx = 0.5 x ( 3.263 ) x 45.3609396323 = 74.01393317 kN.m

Moment due to SIDL over Returns = 3.095 x 46.000 x 1.548 = 220.318 kN.m

Total Moment at Vertical Plane = 74.014 + 220.318 = 294.332 kN.m

Check for Effective Depth

294331508.16667 = 1.481 x 500 x d ^2

d ^2 = 294331508 = 397347.536
1.481 x 500

d = 630.355 mm < 2663 mm Hence OK

Length of Cantilever at Root

Adopting steel Bars Dia 20 mm and clear cover of 50 mm

Provide Reinforcement at top in Two Layers

Available effective depth = 2663 -50 -20 -25 = 2568 mm

required Ast = 294.332 x 1000000 = 644.62611295 mm^2

200 x 0.889 x 2568

Check : This steel should not be less than 0.2 % of bt.d as per 305.16 of IRC : 21.

0.2 x 2663 x 500 = 2663 mm^2

100

Governing steel at top of Cantilever Return = 2663 mm^2

Provide 8 bars of 20 mm dia at top face in two layers ( Providing = 2513 mm^2

Provide 4 bars of 12 mm dia at bottom in sloping Face ( Providing = 452 mm^2