English 8 Q4 Module

8
ENGLISH
QUARTER 4
MODULES 1 - 8
(DO_Q4_ENGLISH_8_MODULE 1-8)
ENGLISH – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Modules 1-8
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Ludy B. Dizon, Marlon F. Albunian, Rona Erika V. Claud, Amie Ruth B. Enriquez,
Carolina A. Cudal, Donna S. Corpuz, Catherine G. De Gula Ed.D.
Reviewers: Charmaine M. Obispo, Cheenee D. Gahuman, Sheen E. Esperancilla, Julie
Ann T. Ayuban, Noelito T. Reyes
Editor: Mary Ann A. Dofredo
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jayson M. Bautista, Carla Annabelle S. Tolentino
Management Team:
MELITON P. ZURBANO, Schools Division Superintendent
FILMORE A. CABALLERO, CID Chief

JEAN A. TROPEL, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS
DR. WINNIE F. TUGADE, EPS for English and Journalism
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA
Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

Telefax: (02) 292 – 3247
E-mail Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of English. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is to use
appropriate signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea development (EN8G-IIa-
9):
• general to specific;
• claim and counterclaim;
• problem-solution; and
• cause-effect and others.
Subskill:
• EN8G-IVi-16: Use appropriate logical connectors for emphasis
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. In response to the National Tasks Force for COVID-19 Response to intensify contact tracing
and management, the local government of Valenzuela launched the Mega Contact Tracing
Center. What pattern of idea does the sentence show?
A. Cause and effect C. Description
B. Problem – solution D. Comparison and contrast
2. Philippines welcomes the arrival of COVID – 19 vaccines via COVAX facility. What
pattern of idea does the sentence show?
A. Problem-solution C. Problem no solution
B. Cause and effect D. Solution depends on the person
3. Due to the widespread of COVID -19, the following places are under GCQ: NCR, Bulacan,
Cavite, Rizal, and Laguna. GCQ means:
A. General Country Quarantine C. General Community Quarantine
B. Generate Community Quarantine D. Greatly Community Quarantine
4. With the Philippines recording 7.999 cases - the highest recorded single count - the DOH,
together with the rest of the government, calls on the public anew to suspend non-essential
travel and ensure strict adherence to minimum public health standards (MPHS) across ALL
settings. What pattern of idea does the sentence show?
A. Cause and effect C. Comparison and contrast
B. Problem-solution D. Survey
1 (DO_Q4_ENGLISH_8_LESSON1-2)
5. Presidential Spokesman Harry Roque is admitted to the hospital because of COVID 19.
What pattern of idea does the sentence show?
A. Description C. Sequence
B. Cause and effect D. Comparison and contrast
Use Appropriate Grammatical Signals or

Expressions Suitable to each Pattern of
Lesson Development: general to particular,
1-2 problem-solution, claim and
counterclaim, cause and effect
A claim is a statement that presents an arguable position. It reflects your

interpretation, belief, or opinion. The claim typically answers the question: “What do I
think?”
To respond to a claim by denying it with a corresponding reason or evidence is to make

a counterclaim.
A counterclaim is the strongest argument against the claim. Example:
CLAIM: I believe that Japanese literature was heavily influenced by cultural contact
with China and their literature because the early Japanese literary works were often
written in classical Chinese.
Reason or evidence to confirm the claim.

COUNTERCLAIM: According to my research, it was Indian literature that had an
influence on Japanese literature through the propagation of Buddhism in Japan.
The claim and counterclaim pattern can be found more frequently in political
journalism as well as letters to the editor, magazines, and argumentative speeches.
The signaled words that can be used are:
Lexical Items Evaluative Words Transitions

According to
Claim Denial: Contradict Affirmation: Imagine Likely
Assert Challenge Affirm Agree Might Perhaps
Truth Correct Confirm Probably Seem
False Suggest
Lexical terms are words that denote concrete objects, ideas, events, etc. They can also be
called context words because they carry ideas.
To counterclaim or argue a claim, consider a different opinion or a contrary view. Then,
provide evidence that would back up your argument.
Example:
Claim: Green-backed herons in Japan imitate people who feed bread to fish found in
ornamental lakes.
Reason and evidence: Those clever birds use pieces of breads to bait fish within easy reach.
Egrets in the Caribbean also use bread to lure fish. These birds even catch fish using their
yellow feet. They stand in low water on one foot while they wag their other foot in the water
to attract the attention of nosy fish.
A claim - counterclaim pattern refers to the structure of an argument where there is

more than one side to debate. It is very common in academic writing. In claim-
counterclaim texts, arguments are typically introduced using reporting verbs such as
show, argue, and claim.
Examples of claim and counterclaim
1. Claim: More Americans are choosing low-carb diets because the media promotes low-
carb diets as a new way to skinnier body.
Counterclaim: Some Americans don’t watch television commercials because they own a
DVR or TiVo, but most Americans are exposed to other forms of advertisement like
magazines, newspapers, and other highway billboards.
2. Claim: The minimum wage in Oregon should be increased to $100 dollars to ensure
that all Oregonians can earn a living wage for their work.
Counterclaim: Raising the minimum wage will increase prices and deter business growth
in our community.
The Problem – Solution Pattern is one method of organization, composed of two main
sections
(1) The problem and (2) the solution. The problem-solution pattern is used in persuasive
writing with the aim to:
a. Convince the reader to support a certain course of action.
b. Make the reader change his/her opinion or behavior by showing that a
problem exists, then providing a solution.
In the problem section, the writer aims to:
a. Identify the different sides of the problem being discussed.
b. Offer the evidence for these problems.

In the solution section, the writer aims to:
a. Identify a possible solution.
b. Support the effectiveness of this solution over others.
The common signal words or expressions used in this pattern are the following:
The problem is One answer is Absolutely
The question is A difficulty is To solve
A solution next Clearly
Examples:
1. Problem: Emergence of recipients gathering in a large group and lining up until wee
hours to get their financial assistance from their local government.
Solution: Pasig City has opted for a house-to-house distribution of cash aid.
2. Problem: Separation and deprivation from human touch are only two of the most difficult
parts of coping with the pandemic. This is especially true for COVID – 19 patients confined
in hospitals who have been isolated from their loved ones for weeks while recuperating from
deadly virus.
Solution: A nurse based in Brazil found a way to remedy this. To stimulate human touch,
Lidiane Melo filled two latex gloves with warm water, tied them together, and placed them on
a patient’s hand.
Cause and Effect

Events in a literary work are often connected by cause and effect. This means one event
is the reason another event happens. The event that happens first is the cause. What follows
is the effect. It can be an event. It can also be changed in the way the character behaves or
thinks.
There are cue words and phrases that point out causes and their effects. Some of these
are: because, therefore, since, in order that, so that, and if-then, due to accordingly.
Source: Language in Literature 1 Philippine Setting by Louder M. Ribo & Linda D. Reyes
p. 293-294
A cause paragraph dwells on the reason why something happened.

An effect paragraph focuses on what happens after a particular incident.
Signal words are: as a result, if… then, because, therefore due to, thus
Directions: Activity 1. Read the following sentences. Write the signal words used in the
general – to- particular pattern. Write your, answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This toy helps children discover their abilities; in other words, children can learn new
things from this toy.
2. Many people prefer a particular type of car; for example, sports cars are very popular.
3. Angelo can play several musical instruments such as violin, guitar, saxophone, and piano.
4. Rare indeed is the chance to witness the breathtaking power of a storm surge.
5. They brought a lot of food namely, pasta, pork, sandwiches, and soda.
6. Car companies like BMW and Ford produce sports cars in America and Asia.
7. High protein meat such as chicken, beef, and pork are excluded from his diet.
8. Virtues like patience and self-control are necessary for this position.
9. The students namely, Pat, Mora, Levi, and Oscar are given special assignments.
10. 10 Fruits like pomelo, calamansi, and guavas are rich in vitamin C.
Directions: Activity 2. Claim and counterclaim: Read the paragraph below. On a separate
paper, write the sentences that express counterclaims.
Team Sports Should be Required in Middle Schools

Some may believe that team sports could intimidate children. Some children may be
physically smaller than others. Others may be as athletic as other team members. When they
cannot run as fast as other team members, or are not agile, they fear (and may receive)
ridicule. However, learning to work as part of a team is essential to success in many other
areas. Children have to learn to cooperate both at home and school. In school, children are
expected to be a part of a family team and help with chores and the need to be done.
Directions: Identify if the sentence is specific or general. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Riva previously released a vlog showing her close friends in the industry, such as Liza
Soberano and Kathryn Bernardo’s reactions to her baby news.
2. Thank you for all the donations. The bears love all sorts of nuts and we can also feed
them to other animals like squirrels and chipmunks.
3. TODAY'S EDITORIAL: The blistering tropical heat has increased the use of coolers such
as electric fans and air conditioners. And the power grid is feeling the surge in demand.
For the past few days, several areas including Metro Manila have experienced
electricity outages.
4. The lineage names such as B.1.1.7.2 will still continue to be used in scientific circles,
for the mutation information that their name conveys.
5. Bicycle s, like other vehicles are now allowed to be used in the main road.
Directions: Activity: Combine the sentences below using appropriate connectives. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. if, when, because, since
A. The plant is deprived of water.
B. It wilts and dies.
2. since, because, thus, as a result
A. The root system of the plants is not large enough to trap the water in the soil.
B. The soil dries out very quickly and the young plant dies.
3. as a result, therefore, since, if
A. The soil erosion is weak.
B. Large quantities have to be given if the plant needs to receive sufficient nutrition.
4. consequently, as a result, when, if
A. The root development is poor.
B. The crop is undernourished.
5. consequently, therefore, thus, as a result
A. Rainfall was far below normal.
B. Farmers lost many crops.
In this module, you will learn how to react to lay value judgment on critical issues
that demand sound analysis and call for prompt actions.
You will also learn how to analyze the stand of the speaker based on the explicit
statement made.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lesson is arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is expanding
the content of an outline using notes from primary and secondary sources (En8wc-Iiic-1.1.6).
Specifically, you are expected to:

• EN8WC-Ii-6.2: Arrange notes in one step word, phrase and sentence outline forms
Activity: What’s in your mind?

Directions: Determine whether the following is a primary or secondary source. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Source:https:/ /www.trending.ph/2019/12/is-dr-jose-rizal-against-the-1896-philippine-
revolution/
PS
6 (DO_Q4_ENGLISH_8_LESSON3)
S
SS
2. The Oxford dictionary meaning of CONSTITUTE (verb) - be (a part) of a whole
3.Noli de Castro, in his program in TeleRadyo, reported the arrival of the Sinovac Vaccine
at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport on March 30, 2021. PS
(An excerpt from the speech of Martin Luther King) PS
Sources:https://www.ducksters.com/biography/m
artin_luther_king_jr.php
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files
/inline-pdfs/king.dreamspeech.excerpts.pdf
5. A Department of Education Memorandum PS
(DO_Q4_ENGLISH_8_LESSON3)
7
Lesson Arrange notes in one-step word, phrase,
3 and sentence outline forms
Activity: Find Me
Directions: Read the news article below then answer the questions that follow. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Nearly 800,000 Filipinos vaccinated vs COVID-19

By: Christia Marie Ramos - Reporter / @CMRamosINQ
INQUIRER.net / 01:57 PM April 05, 2021
MANILA, Philippines — The number of Filipinos who received COVID-19
vaccines is approaching the 800,000-mark, with over 13,000 individuals with
comorbidities having received their first dose.
During a Palace briefing on Monday, presidential spokesperson Harry Roque

said a total of 795,320 individuals have been inoculated against COVID-19 as
of April 3. Among those vaccinated were 765,871 medical frontliners, 16,121
senior citizens and 13,288 individuals with comorbidities.
Under the government’s vaccination priority list, healthcare workers are at the
top priority, followed by senior citizens and those with comorbidities.
According to data presented by Roque, there are 2,669 vaccination sites across
the country.
The country started its vaccination rollout last March 1, 2021, following the
arrival of 600,000 doses of CoronaVac vaccine from Sinovac Biotech which
were donated by the Chinese government.
On March 4, 487,200 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine from British-Swede firm

AstraZeneca arrived in the country through the Covax facility. This was followed
by another set of 38,400 doses that arrived on March 7.
1. What is the news about?

2. According to the news, how many individuals have been inoculated against COVID-19 as
of April 3?
3. Based on the news, how many medical frontliners were vaccinated?
4. Who is the government’s top priority list for vaccination?
5. Who or what are the sources of the reporter for this news?
Do you notice that when you watch the news on television or when you read an
article, you will either read or hear these lines: according to, based on the report of, the
dictionary defines, the data show? These are some of the important citations when you
tend to report or write an effective and factual essay.
It is important to state your sources to make a valid and reliable informative essay. These
sources can be primary or secondary.
A primary source is anything that gives you direct evidence about the people,
place, or occurrence that you are researching. Some examples of these are photos,
journals, audio and video recordings, speeches, and diaries. A secondary source of
information is one that is created later by someone who did not experience first-hand
or participate in the events. Some examples of these are textbooks, dictionaries and
encyclopedias, newspaper editorial and journal articles that comment or analyze.
Remember: In writing researches or essays, we often both use primary and secondary
sources. They complement each other to help you build a convincing argument or narrative.
When writing an essay, report or a speech, making an outline can help you break down the
main idea and the supporting ideas. It helps you organize your thoughts coherently. Being
able to locate information in various sources, interprete tables, maps, diagrams and graphs
are important skills.
Activity: Know Me
Directions: Determine whether the source is primary (P) or secondary (S). Write your answer
on a piece of paper.
1. a biography of Dr. Jose Rizal S
2. a news report of Atom Araullo about the spread of Covid 19 P
3. a textbook describing the World War II S
4. an interview with the President of the country about the current economic status P
5. an article that discusses the common mistakes in pronouncing words S
Report Me
Directions: Read the given paragraph and write a short analysis or opinion about it on a
separate sheet of paper. State your reasons for your opinions by using any of
these words: according to…, based on the report of…, the dictionary
defines…, the data show… .
Tobacco, a well-known product all over the world, serves different purposes. In
1934, Fernando Ocaranza summed up the medicinal uses of tobacco in Mexico before 1519
as antidiarrheal, narcotic and emollient; he said that tobacco leaves were applied for the
relief of pain, used in powdered form for the relief of catarrh and applied locally to heal
wounds and burns. However, the nicotine in tobacco may prove to be harmful.
Death may result from any tobacco-related diseases, such as cancer and
cardiovascular disease. Smoking mothers may also harm their unborn babies, since it may
give respiratory weakness to the child.
Directions: Identify whether the following are primary or secondary sources. Write P for
primary source and S for secondary source. Do this on a piece of paper.
1. A TV show explaining what happened to Tacloban P
2. A documentary about fixed marriage in Palawan S
3. An analysis on cinematography of the movie “Hello, Love, Goodbye” starring Alden
Richards and Kathryn Bernardo S
4. A movie analysis about the life of Moses S
5. Fossil of a giant turtle found in Rizal P
This module focuses on practicing your locational skills to gather information using
primary and secondary sources.
The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is expanding
the content of an outline using notes from primary and secondary sources (EN8WC-IIIc-
1.1.6).
Specifically, you are expected to:

• EN10SS-Iva-1.5: Use locational skills to gather information from primary and
secondary sources of information
Activity: Finding Information

Directions: Study this infographic about the state of social media in 2018 and answer the
following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. According to this infographic, how many daily Instagram

story users post every day?
2. How many tweets are sent each day?
3. How many percent of the United Kingdom population uses

Facebook?
4. How many percent of social media time is spent on a

mobile?
5. How many active chatbots are on Facebook?
Williams, H. (October 1, 2018). The Latest Social Media Stats [Infographic]. Retrieved from
https://www.business2community.com/infographics/the-latest-social -media-stats-infograhic-
022125593
Lesson Use locational skills to gather
4 information from primary and secondary
sources
Activity: Hidden Gems

Directions: Look at the picture closely. Your task is to find these words in the picture:
novel story words page book
Novel- Book-
Story- Page-
Read- Words I
found each on:
The couch-
eyeglasses- mom's
book- boy's shirt-
ears of dog- tree
Searching for information is like what you have done in the previous activity. You must
spend time studying the material to locate or find the necessary information.
As you have learned, the materials that you may use in gathering information may be
a primary source or secondary source – or you can use them both. You should understand
the types of sources that are available before you start searching for information.
Furthermore, having the skills in locating the necessary information is equally important.
Here are some tips on locating information:

• Read the statements and underline the key words.
• Scan the text to locate key words.
• Preview the text features such as titles, headings, subheadings, charts, pictures, etc.
Locating information can be used in maps, charts, graphs, and any other primary or
secondary sources.
Activity: I’m the Map!
Directions: When locating information in maps, it is important to read the labels and know
the symbols. Read the questions and study the map to locate and gather
information. Write the letter of your answers on a piece of paper.
,
1-2. Name 2 hospitals on the map. Choose two correct letters.

A. Philippine General Hospital
B. ManilaMed-Medical Center Manila
C. San Lorenzo Medical Center
3. What cemetery can be found on the map?
A. Manila North Cemetery
B. Paco Park and Cemetery
C. Chinese Cemetery
4. What avenue should you take if you are from Luneta Park and you want to go to a.
Philippine Christian University?
A. Taft Avenue
B. Rizal Avenue
C. Bonifacio Drive
5. If you are from Paco Park and Cemetery, what street would you take to go to the
Embassy?
A. Maria Orosa St.
B. Taft Avenue
C. Padre Faura St.
Activity: The Netiquette
Directions: Netiquette is the acceptable online behavior one must observe when using social
media. Study the infographic about Netiquette. Like in the previous activity,
locate the necessary information from the infographic to write a paragraph about
the things that should not be done online. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.
Directions: Text features such as titles, headings, subheadings, charts, etc. can help you
locate information easily. Read this article and answer the questions that
follow. Write the letter of the correct answer on a piece of paper.
1. What is the title of the article?

A. All About Pets B. Unusual Pets C. Popular Pets
2. If you want to know about cats, what heading should you follow?
A. Popular Pets B. Unusual Pets C. Dogs
3. Who would likely have unusual pets?
A. People with lots of space
B. People who live in the city
C. People who are busy
4. What popular pet can be both playful and affectionate?
A. Cat B. Dog C. Fish
5. What popular pet can be great for people with smaller homes?
A. Cat B. Dog C. Fish
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
how to synthesize essential information found in various sources. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the English 8.
The process of synthesizing essential information from various sources can make the
transfer of thoughts clearer. In this module, you will learn the ways on how to synthesize
information properly and concisely.
The main goal of this lesson as stated in the Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) is to synthesize essential information found in various sources (EN8RC-IVi-15).
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. EN8RC-IVf-10.2: distinguish between general and specific information;
2. EN8RC-IVg-15.1: evaluate the accuracy of a given information; and
3. EN8RC-IVi-15: summarize information from the text.
Have fun learning and discovering skills in English 8 lessons!
Directions: Before you go on with this learning material, let us first test your prior knowledge
on the lesson that you are about to learn. Read and answer the following
questions. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.
PART 1: Identify whether the statement is SPECIFIC INFORMATION or GENERAL

INFORMATION.
1. City of Valenzuela is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region.
2. Many people in Valenzuela are typically happy people.
3. Valenzuela was named after Pío Valenzuela, a physician, and a member of
the Katipunan, a secret society founded against the colonial government of Spain.
4. Generally, Valenzuela is considered by many as an industrial city.
5. Valenzuela has a total land area of 45.75 square kilometers.
6. Numerous barangays in Valenzuela have large population.
7. Usually, Valenzuela conducts civic programs.
PART 2: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer.
8. What is synthesizing information?

A. It is summarizing the work from a source.
B. It is using two or more sources and blending them into one new idea.
C. It is comparing and contrasting your idea with other ideas.
D. It is repeating the same idea from an individual source.
9. The following are steps in making a synthesis except _________.

A. Read relevant materials and organize your sources.
B. Make a brief note of the key points taken from the sources.
C. Identify common ideas and the essential information.
D. Give your viewpoint about the topic to be synthesized.
10. Synthesizing various information is important because _________.

A. It helps us express our opinion.
B. It helps us combine and analyze information.
C. It helps us find the similarities and differences of point of views.
D. It helps us solve problem
Lesson
Synthesizing essential information
5
Are you familiar with this place? What information can you recall about this place?
One of the most famous places in the City of Valenzuela is the Valenzuela People’s Park.
Read this news article excerpt written by Jovic Yee at Inquirer.net dated March 1, 2015 about
this Valenzuela landmark.
People’s Park is just what Valenzuela folk wanted

For lack of big-enough venues, Zumba enthusiasts in Valenzuela City often make
do with basketball courts, shopping mall parking lots and even empty sections of a
cemetery. The local government’s web site is candid enough to state that its “parks and
playgrounds” actually count just “1.”
And it must be referring to the recently opened 1.5-hectare People’s Park, the first of
such scale in a city not exactly known for sprawling public spaces and where about 30
percent of the land is devoted to industries.
“For the longest time, people here have been looking for a park where they can relax
and the children can play,” said Michael King Urieta, head of the city government’s park
events office. “Now they need not to go to Quezon Memorial Circle (in Quezon City) or
Luneta (in Manila) to find one.”
“During the time of President Marcos, the plan was to develop Valenzuela into an
industrial hub. Most of the streets here are narrow because they are just meant as access
roads to factories and warehouses. The city was not master-planned as a residential and
commercial area,” Urieta said.
But now, careful planning went into the new park’s design.
A section called the Aero Circle offers both playtime and downtime on artificial turf similar
to those used in football stadiums, while a nearby amphitheater can seat up to 1,200
people. There is also an exercise area (recommended for senior citizens), access ramps for
people with disabilities, plenty of picnic tables and a cool, wood-shingled pavilion.
Excerpt taken from:

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/676055/peoples-park-is-just-what-
valenzuela-folk-wanted#ixzz6sRPO8iuY
What are some of the essential information presented in the excerpt of the news
article? Write your answers in your notebook.
Identifying essential information taken from various sources is important in making a good
synthesis.
In previous lessons, you learned that there are different sources of information:
primary and secondary. It is important to understand how to classify these sources and to
know what type of information gathered are essential and non-essential.
There are two types of information:
1. General information is normally vague and represents a broad description of
something. General statements are usually the topic sentence or the main idea of the
paragraph.
Example: Many Valenzuelanos are suffering from an economic crisis because of the
pandemic.
2. Specific information refers to exact, precise fact or description of something mentioned
in the text.
Example: Small-business enterprise in Valenzuela is greatly affected by the pandemic
which resulted in a 62% rate of business bankruptcy.
Knowing how to classify information is very essential in making synthesis.

A synthesis is a discussion that draws on one or more sources. It refers to the bringing
together of materials from different sources and the creation of an integrated whole.
Steps on How to Write a Good Synthesis:

1. Read relevant materials and organize your sources.
3. Make brief notes using key points/keywords. This makes it easier to compare and
contrast relevant information.
4. Identify common ideas and the essential information.
5. Formulate a topic sentence. It is the main idea and information that you want to present
in your synthesis.
6. Develop a paragraph of your synthesis according to the information you gathered. Your
synthesis should show the reader where the sources overlap and where they differ.
7. Cite (reference) all the authors you have used.
Activity 1: General or Specific?

Directions: Read the paragraph. Identify whether the statement taken from the paragraph
is general or specific information. Write GI for general information and SI for
specific information.
VALENZUELA’S BEST-KEPT SECRET
Tagalag Fishing Village, the first fishing village in the city of Valenzuela, was formally
inaugurated on February 15, 2020.
Valenzuela City's "best-kept secret” lies beside a 1,300-meter boardwalk, light posts
and fence adorned with statues of fish that can be caught there. It was constructed to
preserve the fishing site.
Various activities are being offered in the area. Some of these activities specifically are
jogging on the boardwalk, recreational fishing, line fishing tutorials, bird watching,
boating, Photowalk, and sunset watching. Migratory birds could be seen in the distance.
Tilapia, bangus, hito, and other types of fish can be caught in the fishing site.
To promote responsible and sustainable tourism, accreditation and tourism standards

are being maintained in various ways. In particular, the community-based tourism council
is the one in-charge of maintaining the orderliness and cleanliness of Tagalag Fishing
Village. Park rangers also enforce Tagalag Linear Park rules to maintain peace and
cleanliness in the village.
Currently, the 101-hectare barangay has a population of 3,494 residents. Residents

celebrate fiesta every May 10 with a fishing contest. Some famous products are mostly
fishes. Famous landmarks include resorts such as the Pavillion.
Adapted from: https://www.valenzuela.gov.ph/the_city/barangays/Tagalag
SI 1. Tagalag Fishing Village, the first fishing village in the city of Valenzuela, was formally
inaugurated on February 15, 2020.
SI 2. Valenzuela City's "best-kept secret” lies beside a 1,300-meter boardwalk, light posts
and fence adorned with statues of fish that can be caught there.
GI 3. Various activities are being offered in the area.
SI 4. Some of these activities specifically are jogging on the boardwalk, recreational fishing,
line fishing tutorials, bird watching, boating, photowalk, and sunset watching.
SI 5. Tilapia, bangus, hito, and other types of fish can be caught in the fishing site.
SI 6. To promote responsible and sustainable tourism, accreditation and tourism standards
are being maintained in various ways.
SI 8. In particular, the community-based tourism council is the one in-charge of maintaining
the orderliness and cleanliness of Tagalag Fishing Village.
SI 9. Park rangers also enforce Tagalag Linear Park rules to maintain peace and cleanliness
in the village.
SI 10. The 101-hectare barangay has a population of 3,494 residents.
GI 11. Some famous products are mostly variations of different fishes.
Directions: On this part, you are going to apply what you have learned on synthesizing
information. As Valenzuelanos, we must be able to know the cultural heritage of
our city. Read the short article about Museo Valenzuela, then make a synthesis
of it by accomplishing the chart provided.
Museo Valenzuela is a museum and the city's historical and cultural landmark, named
after Dr. Pío Valenzuela in 1963. Museo Valenzuela features collections of artifacts
depicting the city's past and continuing development, it also serves as a repository of the
city's rich heritage and a beacon of light to its people and guests. It is likewise a venue for
historical, cultural, and artistic presentations as well as seminars and symposia on
national and local issues.
Directions: Identify whether the statement is SPECIFIC INFORMATION or GENERAL
INFORMATION. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
SI 1. According to the 2015 census, Valenzuela has a population of 620,422 people.
SI 2. The City Mayor of Valenzuela is Rex Gatchalian.
GI 3. Some barangays in Valenzuela are being developed into tourists’ spots.
SI 4. According to the Philippine Census, Valenzuela is the 13th most populous city in the
country.
GI 5. Most Valenzuelanos say that the city is an ideal place to live in due to numerous
reasons.
This module is designed to help you learn compose effective paragraphs. The discussion
in this module is created to help you develop the competency assigned for this quarter.
The activities are based on the Most Essential Learning Competency: EN8WC- IIa-2.8:
Compose effective paragraphs
The sub-skills included are:

1. EN8WC-IIa-2.8.7: limit a topic; and
2. EN8WC-Ib-1.1.6: organize ideas in one-step word, phrase, and sentence outline forms.
Directions: Read the following items carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. ________is considered as the building block of any written composition.

A. pencil B. paper C. paragraph D. picture
2. The central idea of a writing is called __________________
A. thesis B. topic C. picture D. conclusion
3. Which among the following is true about supporting details?
A. Supporting details provide a summary of the written work.
B. Supporting details are found in the first and last sentence of a paragraph.
C. Supporting details are optional and can be eliminated in a written work.

D. Supporting details give additional information about main idea of a paragraph.
4. _________ is like a plan made at the beginning of the writing process.
A. outline B. topic C. conclusion D. d. picture
5. Which among the following is not true about a paragraph?
A. A paragraph has more than one sentence.
B. A paragraph does not require a main idea of topic.
C. A paragraph has one or two supporting details.
D. A paragraph needs a topic sentence.
Lesson
Composing effective paragraphs
6
Directions: Study the picture below and answer the following questions.
1. Have you ever eaten a hamburger? Did you like it? Why or why not?
2. What do you think makes the hamburger a delicious food?
3. If you remove one ingredient from the hamburger (for example the
buns or the patty), would it taste the same? Why?
Before one can write a whole essay or composition, we must first understand how to create
its basic building block – paragraph.
Paragraph Defined: A paragraph is a series of related sentences developing a central idea,

called the topic (Procter and Visvis, n.d). A paragraph usually contains more than one
sentence. The following are the common parts of a simple paragraph.
1.Topic Sentence – the topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph. It introduces the
main idea of the whole paragraph.
2. Supporting Details – Supporting details follow the topic sentence. They give information
and support the main idea. They can be in the form of explanations, comparisons, contrasts,
examples and other relevant information.
3. Concluding/Closing Sentence – The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.
It restates the main idea of your paragraph in conclusive or summarized form.
Let us look at this example:

(1)My favorite Pinoy dish is sinigang na hipon. (2) First thing I love about this dish is its
fresh yet sour taste.(3) Also, shrimp is my favorite seafood. (4) And lastly, this dish is
easy to prepare. (5) These three reasons make sinigang the closest Pinoy dish in my
heart.
Sentence No. 1 is our topic sentence. It contains the main topic of the paragraph – the
person’s favorite Pinoy dish. Sentences 2-4 are the supporting details. These sentences give
the reasons why the person likes sinigang na hipon as a dish. Sentence no. 5 is the closing
sentence. It restated the topic using different words.
An essay or any other form of writing is composed of more than one paragraph. They
are logically connected to support the main topic or central idea of an essay. Paragraphing
helps the writer hook the readers by creating chunks or segments. These chunks or
segmentshelp the readers breathe as they read through the composition. Each paragraph
provides development, unity, and coherence.
Getting started
To kickstart an essay, one can follow the following steps:
Step 1: Limit the topic chosen/ given
The first challenge that a writer faces is what to write about the topic they have chosen
or was given to them. To overcome the overwhelming information about the topic, one must
first narrow it down. For example, you are asked to write about education which is a broad
topic. You can list down different topics or issues related to education that interest you until
you arrive at a specific one.
Step 2:Write a topic sentence

After you have narrowed down your options and have chosen a specific topic, you can
now create a topic sentence. A topic sentence is also called a thesis statement - this is your
topic expressed in sentence form. The information you will put in the succeeding paragraphs
must be related to the thesis statement.
Step 3: Create an outline
Creating an outline is a great step for beginning writers. An outline is like a plan. It
helps you organize the paragraphs you need to develop for the topic you have chosen. The
outline enables you to immediately see the contents of each paragraph, allowing you to
foresee whether a paragraph is related to your topic or not.
Activity 1: Something Yummy

Directions: Complete the Hamburger Paragraph below by identifying the sentence(s) that
corresponds to the part of the paragraph. Choose from the pool of sentences
below. You can use another sheet of paper for your answer.
The topic sentence, which usually appears at the

TOPIC SENTENCE
beginning of the paragraph, states the main point
of the paragraph and also indicates how the
paragraph will be developed.
Supporting Sentence
The last sentence in a paragraph is often a
concluding sentence.
Supporting Sentence These are the sentences that can be found in a

paragraph.
Supporting Sentence The other sentences in the paragraph, known as

the supporting sentences, develop the main idea
in the topic sentence.
Concluding Sentence A paragraph consists of several sentences that

play vital roles in the development of a writing.
Activity 2: Float It Up!

Directions: Read the paragraph below. Reorganize the sentences in order to create a well-
developed paragraph. Use another sheet of paper in rewriting your paragraph.
*Note: The sentences do not require revision.
First, you need to prepare the ingredients such as coke (or

(1)
any soda of your choice), ice cream and ice cubes. (2) Making
an ice cream float at home is as easy as one, two and three. (3)
Finally, scoop in some ice cream of your liking and place it on
top of the ice-cold soda. (4) Your ice cream float is now ready
with these three simple steps. (5) Next, on a tall glass pour in
the soda followed by the ice cubes (as many as you want).
Activity: Ready or Not, Here We Write
Directions: Put your writing caps on and let’s work on this activity. Complete the paragraph
below by following the writing prompts given.
The Best Version of Oneself

We all want to be the best version of ourselves, and so we make ways to achieve it. I
believe that one is at their best when they do these three things. First,
_________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________. Second,
_________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________. And lastly,
_________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________. With these three things, we are already at our
best.
Directions: Write a paragraph following the outline below.
Title: Brigada Eskwela

Additional Information: The Brigada Eskwela is a DepEd Program that aims to bring
together all education stakeholders to participate and contribute their time, effort, and
resources to prepare public school facilities for the opening of the school year.
I. School-initiated activities under Brigada Eskwela
A. Week -long cleaning
B. Repairing of school facilities
C. Gardening and planting
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you learn how
to develop paragraphs that Illustrate varied text types. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to exhibit the following skills:
Focus Skill:
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):
Develop paragraphs that illustrate each text type (narrative in literature, expository,
explanatory, factual and personal recount, persuasive)-EN8WC-IIe-2.2.
Sub-Skills:
1. compose effective paragraphs- EN8WC-IIa-2.8; and
2. develop related support sentences-EN8WC-IIc-2.2.1.
Let’s find out how much you know about composing effective paragraphs. Remember to
answer all items. After taking this short test, your answers will be checked to find out your
score. Take note of the items that you will not be able to answer correctly and look for the
right answers as you go through the module.
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter that you think best answers
the question.
1. This is a word or group of words that expresses a complete thought.

A. Fragment B. Phrase C. Sentence D. Paragraph
2. This is a sentence or a group of sentences that support one central, unified idea.
A. Fragment B. Phrase C. Sentence D. Paragraph
3. It is a sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph where it is found.
A. Main idea B. Topic sentence C. Supporting detail D. Text
4. Which of the following sentences is the topic sentence?
A. Who says being in quarantine is boring?
B. If you have a positive disposition, you’ll never say you’re bored.
C. How about enjoying the family bonding you don’t get to enjoy in the old normal?
D. Look around, there’s still a lot you can do inside your household.
5. Which of the following sentences does not support the topic sentence (TS)?
TS: Health is wealth.
A. We only have one life to live.
B. Our health depends on our choice of lifestyle.
C. Basketball is my favorite sport.
D. We need to consider what we take into our bodies every day.
Developing Paragraphs that Illustrate

Lesson Each Text Types: (narrative in literature,
7 expository, explanatory, factual and
personal recount, persuasive)
At this point, let’s check your understanding and recognition of the different types of
texts given the various paragraphs that illustrate them.
Directions: Match the paragraphs/texts in the given table with their classifications from the
choices below. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheets.
A. Narrative (in Literature) D. Personal or Factual Recount

B. Expository E. Persuasive
C. Explanatory
____1. I still miss the old normal school setup where our classes are conducted in
the classrooms. Just the idea of meeting our teachers and classmates face-to-face
excites me.
____2. Land is the solid part of the surface of the earth. It is where we build
houses or grow crops. It is where man, plants, and animals live.
___3. This COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis. It not only affects our
households and our community. The government and community leaders cannot
solve this alone without our support. Let us not be part of the problem but be
agents of the solution by doing our part. Let us observe quarantine protocols.
___4. Growing onions in your household is easy. You don't need to grow them
from seed. You can use the chopped off bottom of an onion and plant it in the
soil. Within a span of 90-120 days, your onion cutting is ready for consumption.
___5. Once upon a time, in a kingdom far away, there lived a very fine young
woman whose reputation was renowned throughout the land. Her modesty,
intellect, and craftsmanship reflected in all that she put her hands into were so
remarkable. She was adored by men and envied by women.
Paragraph structure may vary in many ways. It may be long or short, or maybe even
just one sentence--just to drive a point. It depends on the purpose or style of the writer.
To be able to write a good paragraph, make sure to formulate a well-written topic
sentence. This sentence states your paragraph's main idea. It is usually placed at the
beginning, sometimes at the end or middle, or implied.
Starting a paragraph with a topic sentence is good for beginning writers. It gives
ease in providing sentences that would support it. To the readers, it aids their skimming
for major points in a text.
The supporting sentences of a paragraph develop the main idea you presented in the
topic sentence. These sentences must provide examples, reasons, or descriptions to
support your topic sentence.
Supporting sentences should focus on the following:

- They should provide the main supporting points for the paragraph's main idea (topic
sentence)
- There are usually 2 - 4 supporting sentences in a paragraph.
- They should be arranged in a logical order.
- They should NOT begin a new topic or introduce a new idea.
https://www.siue.edu/~tkohler/Supporting%20Sentences.html
Below are some hints you may consider on developing paragraphs that illustrate these
types of texts:
1. Narrative texts (in literature)-Tell a story, so you need to think of your characters and a
setting. Make a clear beginning, middle, and end to the paragraph.
3. Expository texts -Explain something or provide instruction. Describe a process and
move the reader step by step through a method. This type of paragraph often requires
research, but it’s possible if you can rely on your own knowledge and expertise.
(Examples: essay, news articles, informational books, instruction manuals, or
textbooks).
4. Explanatory texts- Provide descriptions to look at things like causes and reasons. Tell
what happened, such as in a simple report, to address the WHY and HOW of what
happened. (Examples: academic, historical, or scientific findings/reports}
5. Personal recount and a factual recount- Write about a personal moment that you have
experienced; to the other, it is about a moment that you have not experienced or seen
but have thought to be interesting to write about. (Examples: anecdote, diary journal,
personal letter.)
6. Persuasive texts-Write to convince your readers of the merits of adopting your
viewpoint or taking a specific course of action. (editorials, advertisements, speeches)
Activity -Recognizing Paragraph Structure and Features

Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow. Write the
letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
(1) Here is the perfect system for cleaning your room. (2) First, move all of the items that do
not have a proper place to the center of the room. (3) Get rid of at least five things that you
have not used within the last year. (4) Take out all of the trash, and place all of the dirty
dishes in the kitchen sink. (5) Now find a location for each of the items you had placed in the
center of the room. (6) For any remaining items, see if you can squeeze them in under your
bed or stuff them into the back of your closet. See, that was easy!
--https://patternbasedwriting.com/elementary_writing_success/paragraph-examples/
1. Which sentence of the above paragraph is the topic sentence?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2 C. Sentence 3 D. Sentence 4
2. Which of the following is a signal of coherence used in the paragraph, sentence 2?
A. Here B. First C. Get D. See
3. What are sentences 2-6 called?
A. Topic sentences B. Support sentences C. Thesis statements D. Main idea
(1) The governor was pleased at the wit of the youth and praised greatly, but he
demanded to know where he had obtained his wisdom. “Alas! Alas!” cried the farmer, “the
truth must be told!” and with deep bows he related his story. (2) The governor listened and
then meditated in silence. (3) Finally, he lifted his head. (4) “Shining needs more than the
strength of youth,” he said gravely. (5) “Ah, that I should have forgotten the well-known
saying, “with the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom!” (6) That very hour the cruel law was
abolished, and custom drifted into as far a past that only legends remain.
--https://americanliterature.com/author/matsuo-basho/short-story/the-aged-mother
4. What text type is illustrated in this paragraph?
A. Narrative B. Expository C. Explanatory D. Persuasive
5. Which could be the purpose of the author in writing that paragraph?
A. To give information B. To give instructions C. To tell a story D. To persuade
Directions: Write a narrative paragraph. Briefly, tell a story in an interesting manner about
something your intended audience can relate to and appreciate. Use appropriate
signals of coherence to show sequence of events, like first, then, next, suddenly,
finally, or lastly.
Scoring Rubric
CRITERIA Below Satisfactory Proficient Advanced Score
Satisfactory
(0-4) (5-9) (10-14) (15-20)
ELEMENTS .
(setting, character/s, point of view)
UNIFIED
All of the sentences relate to a
single controlling idea or topic
sentence of the paragraph.
COHERENT
Sentences are arranged in a logical
manner and follow a definite plan
for development.
WELL-DEVELOPED
The idea discussed in the
paragraph is adequately explained
and supported through evidence
and details.
Directions: Read the jumbled parts of a paragraph carefully and answer the questions which
follow. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A) Also, your ticket purchase will help our school, and when you help the school, it helps the
entire community. But that’s not all! Every ticket you purchase enters you in a drawing to win
fabulous prizes.
B) The school fair is right around the corner, and tickets have just gone on sale. We are selling
a limited number of tickets at a discount, so move fast and get yours while they are still
available.
C) And don’t forget, you will have mountains of fun because there are acres and acres of great
rides, fun games, and entertaining attractions! Spend time with your family and friends at our
school fair. Buy your tickets now!
D) This is going to be an event you will not want to miss! First off, the school fair is a great
value when compared with other forms of
entertainment. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MF0CkreIq7MzYiVtAP
Xb4RhtnRQHEqAL/edit
1. Where is the topic sentence located?

A. beginning B. middle C. end D. implied (Not stated)
2. Which part holds the conclusion and the purpose of the writer?
A. part A B. part B C. part C D. part D
3. Which verb or action word in part C is used to call the reader to act urgently?
A. (don’t) forget B. helps C. spend D. buy
4. Which of the following is the best logical arrangement of the above paragraph?
A. DCAB B. DCBA C. BDAC D. BDCA
5. This paragraph is an example of which text type?
A. Narrative B. Personal C. Explanatory D. Persuasive
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you learn
how to deliver a self-composed speech using all the needed speech conventions. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC): Deliver a self-composed speech using all the
needed speech convention (EN8F-IIg-3)
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. EN8OL-IVe-5: use the appropriate prosodic features of speech like pitch, stress,
juncture, volume, projection, intonation and speech rate;
2. EN8OL-IVh-3.7: use effective non-verbal communication strategies: gestures, body
movements, eye contact etc.; and
3. EN8OL-IVi-1.5: deliver manuscript/memorized oral speech with ease and fluency
before the audience.
Let’s find out how much do you know about prosodic features of speech. Choose the
letter that you think best answers the question. Remember to answer all items. After taking
this short test, your answers will be checked to find out your score. Take note of the items
that you will not be able to answer correctly and look for the right answers as you go through
the module.
Directions: Read each statement carefully and write the letter of your correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is most similar to the word stress?
A. Inflection B. Punctuation C. Emotion D. Alphabet
2. Which of the following statements is a nearly universal rule of word stress?
A. Stress occurs on the vowel.
B. All multi-syllabic words have two primary syllables that are stressed.
C. Nouns and adjectives are always stressed differently.
D. Verbs never contain a stressed syllable.
3. In English, the placement of stress in 2-syllable words is most often defined by what?
A. The prefix of that word
B. Whether the word is a noun, adjective, or verb
C. The placement of the accent mark
D. Whether the word root is Latin or Germanic
4. Which words in a sentence are usually stressed?
A. structure words B. content words C. linking verbs D. main verbs
5. Which words carry little meaning but make a sentence grammatically correct?
A. content words B. main verbs C. structure words D. linking verbs
Lesson
English: Prosodic Features of Speech
8
Directions: Match the prosodic feature in Column A to its definition in Column
B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A. Column B
1. Volume A. The force or emphasis used on a sound,
syllable or word in comparison to other
sounds, syllables or words
2. Pitch B. The loudness of your voice

C. The strength of speaking or singing whereby
3. Stress
the voice is used loudly and clearly
4. Intonations D. The degree of highness or lowness in a
person’s voice
5. Rhythm E. A pause or a slight delay in a continuous

flow of speech
6. Juncture F. The flow of connected speech that

comes from the combination of stressed
words, unstressed words, and pauses
in a phrase or sentence
7. Projection
G. The rise and fall in pitch that occurs
when we are speaking
Do these prosodic features of speech really matter? For instance, ―He ordered a
hamburger….is that a sentence or a question? Here, words are not enough to figure out the
meaning. We need something more. We need prosody. Prosody refers to a set of variables in
a speech that affects how a message is communicated and understood. It does not only help
us differentiate questions from sentences but it also helps us to recognize the speaker’s
emotional state (through his/her tone of voice), and clarify communication. Prosodic
features (sometimes known as suprasegmental phonology) are those aspects of speech
that go beyond phonemes and deal with the auditory qualities of sound. In spoken
communication, we use and interpret these features without really thinking about them.
Now, say the following words aloud:
Habit outrun weatherman songbird understand
As you pronounce each of the words listed above, take note that there are syllables that are
given more emphasis than others. These syllables are stressed and therefore pronounced in
a high tone or pitch, in a louder volume and in a longer duration to give them more
importance than the surrounding syllables and make them stand out. Stress is the key to
the pronunciation of an English word. If the wrong syllable is stressed, it may be quite
difficult for anyone listening to understand what the person is trying to say.
⮚ STRESS is the prominence or importance given to certain syllables. Its elements are (1)
loudness or intensity (2) heightened tone or pitch (3) increased duration.
a. WORD STRESS
There are no definite rules for determining which syllable of a word should be stressed.
However, certain rules are helpful.
1.The great majority of two-syllable words are accented on the first syllable.
Examples: párents, gúardian
2. Compound Words
a. In compound nouns, the primary stress is on the first component.
Examples: drúgstore, sóngbird
b. In compound verbs, the primary stress is on the second component.
Examples: understánd, overlóok
c. In the intensive-reflexive pronouns, the stress falls on the last syllable.
Examples: himsélf, hersélf, mysélf
3. Numbers ending in –teen may receive the stress on either syllable but it is advisable for
students learning English as a second language to stress the last
syllable so as to distinguish clearly between eighty and eighteen and ninety and nineteen.
4. Words which may be used as nouns or verbs have a difference in stress to indicate the
difference in usage. The noun is stressed on the first syllable, the verb on the second.
Examples: The teacher recórds the daily attendance of the students. (verb)
The récord showed that the students attended the Orientation Program.
(noun)
5. In general, when a suffix is added to a word, the new form is stressed on the second
syllable as was the basic word.
Examples: devélop – devélopment dráma - drámatize
6. Words ending in –tion, -sion, -ic, -ical, and –ity almost always receive the primary stress
on the syllable preceding the ending. The addition of any of these suffixes may therefore
result in a shift of stress.
Example: distríbute – distribution
When we stress a syllable in a word, this is what we do:
(1) Produce a longer vowel; (2) Raise the pitch of the syllable to a higher level; (3) Say the
syllable louder; (4) Pronounce it with clarity and (5) Create a more distinctive facial movement
b. SENTENCE STRESS
Sentence stress is the music of spoken English. It is what gives English its rhythm or "beat".
You remember that word stress is accented on one syllable within a word while sentence
stress is accented on certain words within a sentence.
Most sentences have two basic types of words:
● Content words which are the keywords of a sentence. They are the important words that
carry the meaning or sense—the real content.
● Function/Structure words are not very important words. They are small, simple words that
make the sentence correct grammatically. They give the sentence its correct form—its
structure.
Example: She WENT to BOHOL to VISIT the CHOCOLATE HILLS.
In the sentence, the 4 keywords (went, Bohol, visit, and Chocolate Hills) are accentuated or
stressed.
⮚ INTONATION is the tone of what we say. It is the rise and fall of the voice. It is closely
related to stress. Intonation is one of the elements of stress, the others being loudness and
length. A stressed syllable is spoken in a higher musical note than the unstressed syllable.
a. Rising Intonation is used in asking yes-no questions. To effect the rising intonation,
move from the normal voice level (pitch 2) to high level (pitch 3)
Example: Do you sing?
b. Rising Falling Intonation is used in asking wh-questions. To use the pattern, begin on
the normal level of voice (pitch 2) and stay on the level until you reach the stressed syllables
of the last word where the voice rises to high level (pitch 3) and then falls to low pitch (pitch
1).
Example: What is the agenda?
c. Falling Intonation is used on declarative statements and information questions.
Declarative statements are normal, neutral sentences that we use all the time. Information
questions are those
that request details and start with words like ―who, ―what, ―where,
―when, ―why‖ ―how, and all the variations.
Example: I’ve been teaching for ten years.
Where did you put the flash drive?
⮚ NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
Nonverbal communication is nearly anything that sends an idea from one person to
another without the use of words. It can mean a lot of different things, and all of them are
important in being an effective communicator. The most obvious forms of nonverbal
communication are body language which includes gestures; movements; and even posture
and, last, of course, is eye-contact.
Directions: Put a stress mark (´) on the underlined word which receives the primary
stress. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A. The object of the game is to destroy the enemy.
B. The officials object to the proposal.
2. A. The permit was issued by the mayor.
B. The mayor permits the covid-19 patient to be in the facility.
3. A. The President signed the contract.
B. The material contracts when cooled.
4. A. The protest was led by prominent personalities.
B. They protest the impending increase in fuel prices.
5. A. The Congressman is implementing the road widening project.
C. The new actress projects well on the screen.
Directions: Deliver an oral speech of your choice (whether manuscript or memorized) with
ease and fluency before the audience using the speech rubric provided. Have a
family member or guardian capture a video of you while delivering your speech
which would serve as your performance output.
Memorization Speech Scoring Rubric
https://www.scribd.com/document/359377278/Memorization-Speech-Rubric
MANUSCRIPT SPEAKING RUBRIC
https://www.scribd.com/document/438916152/390338506-MANUSCRIPT-
MEMORIZED-SPEECH-RUBRIC-docx-docx
Let’s find out how much you have learned on this module. Choose the letter that you think
best answers the question. Remember to answer all items. After taking this short test, your
answers will be checked to find out your score.
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose and write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Effective communication takes place when
A. a meaningful interaction happens among people
B. people do not perceive and understand the meaning of words or sentences or physical
actions
C. people do not create clarity of thoughts and misunderstanding takes place
D. b and c
2. It is a technique that can be used by receivers to ensure that the message sent has been
understood correctly.
A. clarification B. reflection C. summary D. both a & b
3. Misunderstanding can occur at any stage of the communication process.

A. true B. false C. maybe D. none of the above
4. Why is it important to speak at a regular speed when communicating with other people?
A. They may not be able to hear everything that you will say.
B. They may speak fast also in response to your message.
C. It may cause headache on your listeners.
D. Your receiver may get tired at once listening to your message.
5. A nonverbal communication refers to:

A. thoughts or emotions or information exchanged between individuals through the use
of speech.
B. a signal transmitted through facial expression, posture, eye contact, gesture, tone of
voice, body language, and other ways.
C. any interaction where a person uses the words to converse.
D. any type of interaction that makes use of the written word
Retrieved at https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/delivering-an- effective-
speech-knowing-your-audience.htm
Retrieved at https://www.universalclass.com/articles/self-help/the-role-of- nonverbal-
communication-in-effective-communication.htm
Retrieved at https://www.verywellmind.com/top-nonverbal-communication-tips- 2795400
English for 21st Century Learning (Afro-Asian) Textbook by: Carolina T. Gonzales.et.al, Rex
Bookstore Inc., Philippine Copyright 2018
Lourdes M. Ribo & Linda D. Reyes, Language in Literature 1 Philippine Setting, Vibal
Publishing House Inc., Quezon City 1988 p/ 293- 294
English Expressway lV Textbook for fourth year by: Virginia F. Bermudez, et.al. p.229
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1ASVC_enPH909PH909&q=Lesson+2+Cou
nterclaims+in+argumentative&spell=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi08Nr0rfDvAhXfy4sBH
WZ1C40QBSgAegQIARAv
https://www.eriesd.org.>handlers>filedownload
https://www.slideshare.net/abonica/counterclaims
FB page CNN Philippines - April 9, 2021 FB page Philippine Star – April 9,
2021https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/primary-and-secondary-sources/
Baklanov, N. (May 29, 2020). 10 Actual Tiktok limits. Retrieved from
https://hypeauditor.com/blog/10-actual-tiktok-limits-infographic/
English Lessons with Dori. (2014, August 1). IELTS Reading: Tips for Locating information
tasks- english video [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8R2wL9JtkI
Google. (n.d.) [Google Maps directions to Rizal Park]. Retrieved on April 09, 2021, from
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rizal+Park/@14.5808291,120.977728
2,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3397ca255e7e133f:0xb72a3487b6759a32!8m2!3d
14.5831177!4d120.9794171?hl=en
Khan Academy. (2020, July 13). Using text features to locate information | Reading | Khan
Academy [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6EDEr_20sc
35
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO Valenzuela

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
Telefax: (02) 8292-4340
Email Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph
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8

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

FILMORE A. CABALLERO, CID Chief

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

Use Appropriate Grammatical Signals or

A claim is a statement that presents an arguable position. It reflects your

To respond to a claim by denying it with a corresponding reason or evidence is to make

A counterclaim is the strongest argument against the claim. Example:

Reason or evidence to confirm the claim.

Lexical Items Evaluative Words Transitions

A claim - counterclaim pattern refers to the structure of an argument where there is

b. Offer the evidence for these problems.

Cause and Effect

A cause paragraph dwells on the reason why something happened.

Team Sports Should be Required in Middle Schools

Specifically, you are expected to:

Activity: What’s in your mind?

5. A Department of Education Memorandum PS

Nearly 800,000 Filipinos vaccinated vs COVID-19

During a Palace briefing on Monday, presidential spokesperson Harry Roque

On March 4, 487,200 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine from British-Swede firm

1. What is the news about?

Specifically, you are expected to:

Activity: Finding Information

1. According to this infographic, how many daily Instagram

2. How many tweets are sent each day?

3. How many percent of the United Kingdom population uses

4. How many percent of social media time is spent on a

5. How many active chatbots are on Facebook?

Activity: Hidden Gems

novel story words page book

Here are some tips on locating information:

1-2. Name 2 hospitals on the map. Choose two correct letters.

1. What is the title of the article?

After going through this module, you are expected to:

PART 1: Identify whether the statement is SPECIFIC INFORMATION or GENERAL

PART 2: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer.

8. What is synthesizing information?

9. The following are steps in making a synthesis except _________.

10. Synthesizing various information is important because _________.

People’s Park is just what Valenzuela folk wanted

Excerpt taken from:

Knowing how to classify information is very essential in making synthesis.

Steps on How to Write a Good Synthesis:

Activity 1: General or Specific?

VALENZUELA’S BEST-KEPT SECRET

To promote responsible and sustainable tourism, accreditation and tourism standards

Currently, the 101-hectare barangay has a population of 3,494 residents. Residents

Adapted from: https://www.valenzuela.gov.ph/the_city/barangays/Tagalag

The sub-skills included are:

1. ________is considered as the building block of any written composition.

C. Supporting details are optional and can be eliminated in a written work.

Paragraph Defined: A paragraph is a series of related sentences developing a central idea,

Let us look at this example:

Step 2:Write a topic sentence

Activity 1: Something Yummy

The topic sentence, which usually appears at the

Supporting Sentence These are the sentences that can be found in a

Supporting Sentence The other sentences in the paragraph, known as

Concluding Sentence A paragraph consists of several sentences that