SECTION: MT1B PRELIMS REVIEWER
CHAPTER 1-3
SUBJECT: NSTP 1
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING
PROGRAM 1
CHAPTER 1: Organizing Students
through Course Orientation
NSTP (National Service Training
Program) or RA 9163
 A mandated program in the
curricula of all baccalaureate
degree and in at least 2 years of
technical-vocational or
associated courses in all
SUC’s, private higher and
technical-vocational education
institutions
 2002 the law started to be
implemented
 Known as NSTL Act of 2001/RA
9163, conceptualized by CHED’s
Chairman (UE President, Ester
A. Garcia) and signed into law
in response to the public
clamor for ROTC
 Geared towards enhancing
civic consciousness and
defense preparedness by
developing ethics and service
and patriotism
The Revised Implementing Rules and
Regulations of NSTP (RA 9163)
Rule I - Guiding Principles
SECTION 1. Guiding Principles
MONTH/DATE: 6 SEPT, 2021
PROF. WILSON MACASPAC
 It shall be the responsibility of all
citizens to defend the security and
promote the general welfare of the
State
 In fulfilment thereof, the
government may require each
citizen to render personal,
military, or civil service
SECTION 2. Role of the Youth
A. Vital role of youth in nation-
building
 The state shall promote civic
consciousness among them and
shall develop their physical moral,
spiritual and social well being
 It shall inculcate the ideals of
patriotism and nationalism, and
advance their involvement in
public and civic affairs
B. As the most valuable source of
the nation
 They shall be motivated, trained,
organized, and involved in
military, literacy, civic welfare
programs and other similar
endeavors in there service of the
nation
Rule II - Definition of Terms
SECTION 3. As used in the
implementing Rules and Regulations
(IRR) the following terms shall mean:
a. “National Service Training
Program” (NSTP)
 Refers to the program aimed at
enhancing civic consciousness
and defense preparedness in the
youth by developing the ethics of
service and patriotism while
undergoing training in any of the
3 program components,
specifically designed to enhance
the youth’s active contribution to
the general welfare
 Refers to the program component
or activities contributory to the
general welfare and betterment of
life for the members of the
community or the enhancement
of its facilities, especially those
devoted to improving health,
education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation and moral of the
citizenry and other social welfare
services
e. “Program Component”
 Refers to the service components
of NSTP as define herein

b. "Reserve Officers’ Training f. “Clustering”

Corps” (ROTC)
 Grouping of students enrolled to
 Refers to the program different schools into taking up
component, institutionalized the same NSTP component into
under Sections 38 & 39 of RA one group under the
7077, designed to provide military management and supervision of
training to tertiary level students a designated school
in order to motivate, train,
g. “Cross-Enrollment”
organized, and mobilized them
for national defense  Refers to a system of enrolment
preparedness where a student is officially
c. “Literacy Training Service” enrolled in an academic program
(LTS) of an origin school but is allowed
to enroll in the NSTP component
 Refers to the program component of another accepting school
designed to train students to
h. “Non-Government
teach literacy and numeracy skills
Organization” (NGO)
to school children, out-of-school
youths and other segments of  Refers to any private organization
society in need of their services duly accredited by CHED or
d. “Civic Welfare Training recognized by TESDA
Service” (CWTS) i. “Student Cadet”
  Refers to a student enrolled in the
ROTC component
Rule III - Program Implementation
SECTION 4. Coverage
a. All coming students, male and female,
starting SY. 2002-2003, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and at least 2 years
technical-vocational or associate course,
are required to complete one NSTP
component of their choice, as a
graduation requirement The above
provision, however, does not cover the
following:
1. Students who have finished or
graduated from baccalaureate
degree or two-year technical-
vocational course of associate
course and pursuing or enrolled
in another or additional
baccalaureate degree or two-year
technical-vocational or associate
course in SY 2003-2004
2. Students who completed any of the
3 NSTP components but considered
freshmen to the course where they
transferred or shifted; and
3. Foreign students or aliens
b. All higher education institutions
including State Universities & Colleges
(SUCs) and technical-vocational
education institutions must offer upon
enrolment all the three NSTP
components. However, SUCs are
required to maintain and provide the
ROTC component. In cases that the
enrolment of ROTC Cadets is less than
350, then the provisions of clustering in
Section 7 of NSTP IRR (RA 9163)
should be followed
c. Program of study and enrolment
forms shall bear the NSTP without
stating therein the 3 components. There
shall be an orientation for all NSTP
enrollees to be jointly conducted by the
ROTC, CWTS & LTS
coordinators/implementers. Students
enrolled in the first semester of the
freshmen year shall be made to undergo
a common module phase for 25 hours
training period. Upon completion of the
common module phase, the student
must select the specific NSTP program
component that one will pursue
d. The Philippine Military Academy
(PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine
Academy (PMMA), Philippine National
Police Academy (PNPA) are exempted
from the NSTP in view of the special
character of these institutions. Other
SUCs of similar nature will be exempted
subject to approval of the Department of
National Defense
e. Private Higher education institutions
(HEIs) & technical-vocational education
institutions with at least 350 students
cadets must establish or maintain a
Department of Military Science & Tactics
(DMST), subject to existing rules and
regulations. For DMST, previously
approved and activated, shall retain the
status regardless of the number of
cadets will be laser than 350, clustering
of ROTCU will be undertaken with the
ROTCU of the SUCs within the nearest
environ with the lead role
SECTION 5. Program Components
a. The NSTP shall have the following
components which the students can
choose from as defined in Rule II,
Section 3 hereof: The ROTC, LTS, and
CWTS
b. All program components, the ROTC
in particular, shall give emphasis on
citizenship training and shall install
patriotism, moral virtues, respect for the
rights of civilians and adherence to the
Constitution
c. The CHED, TESDA in consultation
with the DND, and PASUC, COCOPEA
and other concerned government
agencies may design and implement
such other non-military training
components as may be necessary in
consonance with the provisions of RA
1963
d. Within 30 days from the approval of
this revised IRR, the CHED, TESDA,
and the DND shall jointly issue the
minimum standards for the 3 NSTP
components which shall form part of
these guidelines
SECTION 6. Duration and Equivalent
Course Unit
a. Each of the aforementioned NSTP
components shall be undertaken for an
academic period of 2 secs. It shall be
credited for 3 units per semester, for 54
to 90 training per semester
b. A One (1) Summer Program (OSP) in
lieu of the 2-semester program may be
designed, formulated and adopted by
the DND, CHED, and TESDA, subject to
the capability of the school and the AFP
to handle the same
c. Earned NSTP units shall not be
included in the computation of the GPA
grades of college students
SECTION 7. Clustering and Cross-
Enrolment
a. Clustering of students from different
education institutions during semestral
or summer periods may be done for any
of the NSTP components, taking into
account logistics, branch of service and
geographical locations. The host school
shall be responsible for managing the
program
b. Schools that do not meet the required
number of students to maintain the
optional ROTC and any of the NSTP
components, or do not offer the
component chosen by the students,
shall allow their students to cross-enrolls
to other schools, irrespective or whether
such school is under CHED or TESDA;
and in the case of students taking the
ROTC component, irrespective of
whether the two semesters shall be
taken from different schools whose
ROTC are administered by different
branches of service of the AFP
c. Students intending to cross-enroll
shall be subject to the existing rules and
regulations of the school of origin and
the accepting school
SECTION 8. Monitoring and
Evaluation
A. Management
1. The school authorities shall exercise
academic and administrative supervision
over the design, formulation, adoption
and implementation of the different
NSTP components in their respective
schools
2. There should be an NSTP Office in
each school or college/university
headed by an NSTP Director or its
equivalent position responsible for the
implementation of the program. Each of
the NSTP components is considered a
distinct and/or separate unit under the
NSTP office, and the heads of the unit
shall report directly to the NSTP Director
or its equivalent position
3. A functional chart of the NSTP Office
shall be structured based on the
capability of the institution to sustain the
component program being offered
based on the number of enrollees
4. In the case of ROTC, the school
authorities and DND, subject to the
policies, regulations, and programs of
the DND on the military component of
the training, shall exercise joint
supervision over its implementation
5. Schools that have contracted CHED-
accredited or TESDA-recognized NGOs
to formulate and administer training
modules for ant of the NSTP
components shall jointly exercise such
academic and administrative supervision
with those NGOs
6. The DND shall formulate and
administer training modules for the
ROTC program
B. Monitoring
1. CHED Regional Offices, TESDA
Provincial/District Offices and DND-AFP
shall oversee and monitor the
implementation of the NSTP under their
respective jurisdiction, to determine if
the trainings conducted and
inconsonance with the Act. These Sub
Offices shall submit periodic reports to
the Central Offices of CHED, TESDA
and DND.
2. CHED deputized officials shall
coordinate and conduct spot visits to
actual NSTP activities
3. At the end of every school year the
Higher Education Institution shall submit
an Annual Report to the CHED Regional
Office copy furnished the Office of
Student Services in an electronic
template, indicating the following:
3.1 names who finished each NSTP
component,
3.2 The programs, projects and activities
undertaken with pictorials and
documentation as much as possible,
and
3.3 financial statements on the funds
collected, allocated and utilized.
4. In cases of violations of guidelines,
warnings and/or sanctions may be
imposed on schools and accredited
NGOs that disregarded or grossly
violated the provisions of this
implementing rules and regulations
Rule IV - Fees and Incentives
SECTION 9. Fees
a. No fees shall be collected for any of
the NSTP components except basic
tuition which should not be more than
50% of the charges of the school per
academic unit. NSTP tuition collected
shall constitute a Trust Fund, which shall
be exclusively used for the operation of
the program. 70% of which shall be
exclusively used for the operation of the
Program. The remaining 30% retained
by the school shall serve as a
continence fund especially in support to
programmed activities
b. NSTP funds derived from NSTP
related operations shall serve as an
augmentation to sustain programmed
activities of NSTP
c. The inexpert fund balance shall be
carried over to the next semester;
provided, however, NSTP funds shall
not be converted into savings at the
expense of the proper implementation of
the program
d. Subsidies from the government, any
legal agency or institution appropriated
for NSTP shall be included in the
preparation of the program of
expenditure and report on the utilization
of funds
e. Expenditures/disbursements shall be
subjected to periodic audits by the
proper school authorities and concerned
NSTP officers
f. The NSTP Director or its equivalent
shall submit a comprehensive report on
the utilization of the NSTP funds by
program component to the school head,
two weeks after the end of every
semester
g. Rental space of school and other
similar expenses shall not be charged to
NSTP
SECTION 10 - Incentives, Insurance
and Protection
A. Incentives
1. A program of assistance/incentives
for ROTC students shall be provided
and administered by DND, in
accordance with existing laws and
regulations and subject to the availability
of funds
2. A Special Scholarship Program and
other forms of assistance and incentives
for qualified NSTP students shall be
administered by CHED and TESDA,
with funds for the purpose to be included
in the annual regular appropriations of
the two agencies, subject to the
availability of funds
3. The college or university may provide
scholarships and other forms of
assistance and incentives to qualified
and deserving NSTP students, the
funding of which shall come from
available NSTP funds of the school
 4. Personnel involved in the NSTP shall
be provided honorarium and other
incentives based on the standard policy
set forth by the HEIs
B. Insurance and Protection
1. School authorities concerned, CHED
and TESDA shall ensure that health and
accident group insurances are provided
for students enrolled in any of the NSTP
components
2. Schools that already provide health
and accident group insurance and
collect the necessary fees for the
purpose from their students as of the
effectivity of these Rules are deemed to
have complied with this requirement
Rule V - Organization of NSTP
Graduate
SECTION 11 - Organization of NSTP
Graduate
a. Graduates of the non-ROTC
components of the NSTP shall belong to
the National Service Reserve Corps
(NSRC) and could be tapped by the
State for literacy and civic welfare
activities, especially in times of
calamities through the joint efforts of
DND, CHED, and TESDA, in
coordination with DILG, DSWD, and
other concerned agencies/associations
b. The CHED, TESDA, and DND, in
consultation with other concerned
government and non-government
agencies, shall issue the necessary
guidelines for the establishment,
organization, maintenance and
utilization of the NSRC
c. Graduates of the ROTC program shall
form part of the Citizen Armed pursuant
to RA 7077, subject to the requirements
of the DND
Rule VI - Miscellaneous Provisions
SECTION 12 - Certificate of
Completion
Certificate of Completion with the
corresponding serial number issued by
CHED, TESDA, or DND, shall be
awarded to students who have
successfully complied with the program
requirements
SECTION 13 - Information
Dissemination
The CHED, TESDA and DND shall
provide information on these Act and
IRR to all concerned publics through
different modes of disseminating
information
SECTION 14 - Amendatory Clause
a. Section 35 of Commonwealth Act No.
1, EO No. 207 of 1939, Sec. 2 and 3 of
Presidential Decree No. 1706, and
Sections 38 and 39 of RA. 7077, as well
as all laws, decrees, orders, rules and
regulations and other issuances in
consistent with the provisions of the Act
are hereby deemed amended and
modified accordingly
b. These Rules may be amended,
modified, or replaced jointly by CHED,
TESDA, and DND, in consultation with
PASUC, COCOPEA, NGOs and
recognized student organizations
SECTION 15 - Separability Clause
If any section or provisions of this IRR
shall be declared unconstitutional or
invalid, the other sections or provisions
not affected thereby shall remain in full
force and effect
SECTION 16 - Effectivity T
These rules shall take effect 15 days
after publication in a newspaper of
general circulation and shall remain in
force and effect until revoked or
amended
The Minimum Standard for NSTP
Implementation
The revised NSTP-IRR mandates the
implementation of the 25 common
module and 83-hours specific module
or a total of 108 hours for (2)
semesters as minimum standard for
NSTP implementation.
The Republic Act No. 7077
 Known as “Citizen Armed
Forces of the Philippines
Reservists Act"
 Aims to organize, train,
develop, and maintain a
support unit to the AFP
 Help protect our country and
citizens in the event of war,
invasion or rebellion
 Assist in relief and rescue
during disaster/calamities, in
socioeconomic development and
in cooperation and maintenance
of essential government or
private utilities in the furtherance
of the overall mission
 Pursuant to this act, graduates
of ROTC component shall form
part of the Citizen Armed Force
subjected to DND requirements
whereas: graduates of the non-
ROTC components shall
belong to the NSRC and could
be tapped by the State for
literacy and civic welfare
activities in times of calamities
The Philippine Preamble
“We, the sovereign Filipino people,
imploring the aid of Almighty God, in
order to build a just and humane society,
and establish a Government that shall
embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve
and develop our patrimony, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity, the
blessings of independence and
democracy under the rule and regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this
Constitution”
The Philippine Preamble, Filipino
version
“Kami, ang nakapangyayaring
sambayanang Pilipino, na humihingi ng
tulong sa Makapangyarihang Diyos,
upang bumuo ng isang makatarungan at
makataong lipunan at magtatag ng
isang Pamahalaan nakakatawan sa
aming mga mithiin at mga lunggatiin,
magtataguyod ng kabutihan sa bawat
isa, mangangalaga at magpapaunlad ng
aming kamanahan, at titiyak para
saming sarili at angkanang susunod ng
mga biyaya ng kalayaan at demokrasya
sa ilalim ng pananaig ng batas at ng
pamahalaang puspos ng katotohanan,
katarungan, kalayaan, pag-ibig,
pagkakapantay-pantay at kapayapaan,
ay naglalagda at naghahayag ng
Konstitusyong ito.”

The National Motto that NSTP abide

“MakaDiyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan at

Makabansa"

National Service Training Program 1
Chapter 2
CITIZENSHIP AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
Good Governance In National
Government
According to Fukuyama (2013),
There are two dimensions to qualify
governance as a good or bad:
the capacity of the state and the
bureaucracy’s autonomy.
Good Governance In Local
Government
1. EMPOWERED CITIZENS
2. NEIGHBORHOOD COUNCILS
3. COMMUNITY COUNCILS
Bill of rights may be defined as a
declaration and enumeration of a
person’s rights and privileges that the
constitution is designed to protect
against violation by the government or
by an individual or groups of individuals.
CLASSES OF RIGHTS
Natural rights- are rights that believe it
is important for all animals or even living
beings to have out of natural law.
Ex. The right to live and right to love.
Constitutional rights- they are the
rights that are conferred and protected
by the constitution.
Ex. Freedom of speech and press
Statutory rights- are an individual's
legal rights, given to him or her by the
local and national ruling government.
These are generally designed to protect
citizens.
Classification Of Constitutional rights
1. Political rights
2. Civil rights
3. Social economic
4. Rights of the accused
Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines (RA 8491 S. 1998)
An act of prescribing the code of the
National flag and any other heraldic
items and devices of the Philippines.
This act declares that reverence and
respect shall at all times, and be stars. The flag shall be displayed in
accorded to the flag and any other some institutions.
national symbols.

Our flag shall be raised in any

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS FOUND IN constitution.
THE CODE

Military – shall mean, all branches of

Prohibited acts in the flag code
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

Festoon – hang in a curved shape To dip the flag to any person or object
between two points as decorations by way of compliment or salute.

Flag – shall mean the Philippine flag

To use the flag;
Fly – shall mean the part of a flag
outside the hoist or length As covering for ceilings, walls, statues
Symbol – any conventional sign that etc.
reveals achievement and dignity As a staff or whip
Half-Mast – lowering the flag to one half As a pennant in the hood, side, back,
the distance between the top and the and top of motor vehicles
bottom of the staff

Hoist – part of the flag nearest the staff

attached Display the Flag:

Inclement Weather – this means a Under any painting or pictures

typhoon signal is raised in the locality
Below any platform
National Anthem – shall means the
Philippine National Anthem
“ Lupang Hinirang” is our National
Anthem
Understanding Our National Flag

The national motto is MAKA-DIYOS,

The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT
white, and red with an eight-rayed MAKABANSA
golden yellow sun and three five-pointed
Penalties in violating RA 8491
Any person or judicial entity which
violates any of the provisions of this Act
shall, upon conviction and be punished
by a fine.
Electoral system refers to the detailed
constitutional arrangement and voting
system that covers the vote into a
determination of which individuals and
political parties are elected to positions
of power.
The Historical Underpinnings of
Philippine Elections
Pre – colonial Philippines
No elections for ruling
authoritiesGovernment was based more
on tangibles)Kinship
b)Customs/traditions)Favors d)Unwritten
law
Colonial government
also known as “Spanish colonial
government “ in this period the
government was lead by the Governor
General. He was considered as the
representative of Spain and the King
himself. He is the highest officer in the
island and responsible for implementing
laws from the mother country.
American colonial rule
In this period the foundation for elections
in the Philippines was founded by the
Americans, government institutions and
electoral systems were patterned after
the American system.
Commonwealth
In this period the Philippines was free
under the rule of Americans and it gave
them a chance to govern their own
country.
The Philippines elections were
dominated by a single party and a more
accommodating electoral system was
introduced.
The Philippine political system
The Philippines has a multi-party
system. It includes representatives from
more than one social, cultural, or
economic groups, especially members
of ethnic or religious groups
Most of our candidates run under a
political party, which helps them
advance their causes and build their
campaigns.
Election, the formal process of selecting
a person for public office or of accepting
or rejecting a political proposition by
voting.
1.General elections - elections are held  To vote and to be elected at
on the same day for all nationals and genuine periodic elections.
local offices.

2.National elections - election for the 3. The 1987 Philippines

national officials Constitution

 The congress shall provide a

system for securing the secrecy
3.Local elections - election for local
and sanctity of ballot as well a
officials. system for absentee voting
qualified Filipinos abroad.

4.Special elections - this election is

determined by the congress on a date Election Process
different from the regular elections.
 Registration

1. Registration day
Suffrage is the right to cast a vote in
public elections. 2. List of voters

 Election day

The 3 Instrument that Embody the 1. Counting of votes

Human Right to Vote
2. Casting votes
1. Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR) - Article 3. Distribution of election returns
21 (1-3) December 10, 1948  Canvassing and proclamation
 Everyone has right to take part in 1. Proclamation of winning
the government of his country, candidates
directly, or through freely chosen
representatives 2. Board of canvassers

Requirement for registration:

2. The International Covenant on
 Filipino citizen
Civil and Political Rights - Article 1 (a-
c) March, 1976  18 years old
  Resident in the Philippines for 4. Grant the President emergency
one year and the city or powers in times of war and
municipality wherein he proposes national distress
to vote

 Not otherwise disqualified by law

Our Voting Practices
 Registered at COMELEC office
 Voting by popularity
 Validation of registration at
 Vote-buying
Barangay offices

THE COMELEC - Commission on Issues in the Political System of the

Elections (COMELEC) is the premier
guardian of the ballot.
Election in the Philippines
Philippines
Political Patronage - hiring of a person
to a government on the basis of partisan
loyalty.

We should consider the following

Political Dynasty - family or group that
qualification of the elective officials:
maintains power for several generations.
President

1. Faithfully and conscientiously

Top 4 factors that determine the vote
fulfill his/her duties
of the Filipino electorate:
2. Preserve and defend the
constitution 1. Candidate’s public servant image

3. Execute its laws 2. Political machinery

3. Popularity
4. To do justice to every man

Congress 4. Endorsement Of traditional

networks and organizations
1. Make laws and pass resolution

2. Power to tax and levy imposition

R - Righteous Governance - promotes
3. Cancel or extend martial law justice, righteousness, and peace for all
law-abiding Filipinos.
I - Integrity - we can trust based on After election
his/her solid character and willingness to
 Be vigilant on counting and
take the responsibility of his/her
decisions. canvassing of votes

 Participate in local government

activities in barangay level
G - Giftedness - has the ability to and
 Attend consultation meeting
qualification to lead his/her country.
concerning issues in barangay
level

H - Heart - has heart for God, for the  Support initiatives of the civil
people, and for the nations. society

 Make views known of the elected

representatives in the
T - Track Record - past experiences government\
of the candidate’s based on area of
expertise before running the office.

The Core Values of NSTP

Actions to be taken by the Filipinos Values - “valere”; All of our values

leaders and voters taken together are called value system.

Before election:

 Register for voter registration Corporate Culture - system of values

shared in any given place or
 Be infrared for the platforms and organization.
issues of the candidates

 Set specific guidelines for

choosing leaders Personalism & Personhood
(pagkatao)

During election: Core and Related Values

 Vote according to your  Physical

conscience
 Intellectual
 Be vigilant in protecting the
 Moral
integrity of votes
  Spiritual 3. MAKABAYAN (Pagkamaka-
bansa)
 Social, Family, Society
 Unity
 Economic Political
 Equity

 Respect for law and government

WHAT IS A GOOD FILIPINO CITIZEN?
rule of law
1. MAKA-DIYOS (Pagkamaka-  Patriotism, conserve, and
Diyos) develop our patrimony
 Faith in the Almighty God  Common good
imploring the aid of the Almighty
God 4. MAKA-KALIKASAN
(Pagkamaka-kalikasan)
 Respect for life

 Order
MAKING OF A GOOD FILIPINO
 Work CITIZEN
 Concern for the family and future  Follow traffic rules
generations
 Be punctual and do not
procrastinate

 Pay your tax

2. MAKA-TAO (Pagkamaka-tao)
 Be a responsible parent
 Love
 Conserve water and energy
 Freedom, independence, and
democracy  Protect our environment

 Peace  Report crimes

 Truth  Be a responsible citizen

 Justice  Make a honest vote

Chapter 3 : Drug Addiction and inexpensive over-the-counter
Prevention ingredients.

Effects of using Methamphetamine

Drug Addiction- a condition  Sleeplessness for days and

characterized by an overwhelming weeks at a time
desire to continue taking a drug to which
 Total loss of appetite
one has become habituated through
repeated consumption because it  Extreme weight loss
produces a particular effect, usually an
alteration of mental status.  Dilated pupils

 Excited

Signs and Symptoms of Drug Use  Talkative

 Sudden change in behavior  Deluded sense of power

 Mood swings  Paranoia

 Withdrawal from family members  Dizziness

 Careless about personal  Mood changes

grooming
 Depression
 Loss of interest in hobbies,
 Loss of control
sports, and any other favorite
activities  Nervousness
 Changed sleeping pattern: awake  Unusual sweating
at night, asleep during the day
 Shaking
 Red or glassy eyes
 Hallucinations
 Sniffly or runny nose
 Aggressive
Different Types of Drugs
 Violent
1. Methamphetamine
 Blurred vision
 Addictive stimulant that affects
the central nervous system  Mental confusion

 Made easily in clandestine  Agitation

laboratories with relatively
  Commonly snorted, inhaled as
smoke, or as a solution
injected into a vein.
2. Ecstasy
Effects of using Cocaine
 Also known as
Methylenedioxymethamphetam  Impaired thinking
ine (MDMA)
 Confusion
 A modification of
 Anxiety
Methamphetamine and has some
similar effects to that drug, but its  Depression
stimulating effects can increase
to dangerous levels.  Short-temperedness

Effects of using Ecstasy  Panic attacks

 Changes in mental and physical  Suspiciousness

stimulation
 Dilated pupils
 Increased body temperature
 Sleeplessness
 Increased emotional response
 Loss of appetite
and sensual reactions
 Irritability
 Teeth clenching
 Talkativeness
 Muscle cramping
 Scratching
 Nausea
 Hallucinations
 Chills
 Paranoia
 Sweating

4. Lysergic Acid Diethylamine

3. Cocaine
 Also known as Acid
 Also known as coke
 A psychedelic drug known for
 Strong stimulant mostly used as a
its psychological effects which
recreational drug
may include altered awareness of
surroundings, perceptions, and
feelings, as well as sensations
 and images that seem real Effects of using PCP
though they’re not.
 Violent
Effects of using LSD
 Paranoia
 Dilated pupils
 Fearfulness
 Skin discoloration
 Anxiety
 Loss of coordination
 Aggression
 Euphoria
 Acting withdrawn
 Distortion of time and space
 Skin flushing
 Hallucinations
 Sweating
 Confusion
 Dizziness
 Paranoia
 Total numbness
 Nausea
 Impaired perceptions
 Vomiting

 Loss of control

 Anxiety 6. Heroin

 Panic  Also known as a diamorphine or

an opioid which is most used as
 Self-destructive behaviors a recreational drug for its
euphoric effects

 An illegal and highly addicted

5. Phencyclidine (PCP) drug

 Known as Angel Dust  Typically sold as a white or

 It is a dissociative drug which was
brought to the market in the
1950s as an anesthetic
pharmaceutical drug but was
taken off in the market in 1965
because of the high prevalence of
dissociative hallucinogen
brownish powder or as the black
sticky substance known on the
streets as “black tar hero”
Effects of using Heroin
 Euphoria
 Nausea
  Vomiting stimulation in various areas of the
brain.
 Depressed respiration
 Referred to as downers as they
 Collapsed veins lower the level of arousal when
 Arthritis and other rheumatologic taken
problems Effects of using Depressants

 Memory loss

 Slurred speech
7. Marijuana
 Loss of coordination
 Also known as cannabis.
 Dilated pupils
 A psychoactive drug from the
cannabis plant intended for  Depressed
medical or recreational use. It can
 Tired
be used by smoking,
vaporizing, within food, or as  Aggressive
an extract.
 Agitated
Effects of using Marijuana
 Paranoid
 Compulsive eating
 Suicidal
 Squinty red eyes
 Headaches
 Dry mouth
 Dizziness
 Excessive and uncontrollable
laughter

 Forgetfulness Current Philippine Situation on Drug

Addiction
 Short-term memory loss
 The Office of the President
released an estimate of 1.7
million drug users in the year of
8. Depressants (Tranquilizers and 2008 but went down to 1.3 million
Barbiturates) users in the year of 2012.

 According to a 2012 UN Report,

 Drugs that lower
neurotransmission levels to among all the countries in East
depress or reduce arousal or Asia, The Philippines had the
 highest rate
of methamphetamine abuse
(also known as shabu). Estimates
showed that about 2.2 percent of
Filipinos between the ages of 16
and 64 were using
methamphetamines, and that
were the primary drugs of choice.
Treatment of Drug Addiction in the
Philippines
Drug users are not necessarily
criminals. Individuals suffering from
illegal drug addiction can still turn their
lives around if they seek help
immediately. They should be brought to
rehabilitation centers to give them hope
of giving back their past lives.
Treatment and Rehabilitation
(DOH Program)
 Intake and admission
 Diagnostic evaluation, treatment,
and rehabilitation proper
 Detoxification
 Medical and psychiatric treatment
 Psychological and social
rehabilitation
 Evaluation and vocational
services
 Spiritual development services
 Sports and recreation
 After-care and follow-up services
 Job placement services
Different Treatment Modalities
 Therapeutic Community – deals
with behavior modification and
value reformation.
 Hazelden Program – based on
the beliefs that a power greater
than oneself could restore sanity
 Eclectic/Multi-disciplinary team
approach – combines all the
treatment modalities. Treatment
team is composed of a doctor,
social worker, and a psychologist.
 Faith-based/Spiritual model –
views faith as an inspiration to
change the well-being of the
person. Individual’s personal
conviction and faith encourage
him/her to turn away from
dangerous drug abuse and aspire
to become more productive.
Role of the Youth on Drug Detection
and Prevention
The youth play a vital part in
helping to put a halt on the proliferation
of illegal drugs in the country. To
maintain a healthy and drug-free lifestyle
among the youth. The youth's main role
is for them to act as role models,
become well informed on the appalling
effects of drugs on their lives, and
contribute to the dispersion of
awareness for others’ education.
10 Tips for the Prevention of Drug
Use among the Youth
1. Don’t be afraid to say no
2. Connect with your friends and
avoid negative peer pressure
3. Make connection with your
parents or other adults
4. Enjoy life and do what you love-
don’t add alcohol and drug
5. Follow the family rules about
alcohol and drugs
6. Get educated about alcohol and
drugs
7. Be a role model and set a
positive example
8. Plan ahead
9. Speak out/speak up/take control
10. Get help!
Campaigns and Advocacies Against
Drug Addiction
 Barkada Kontra Droga (BAKD)
An effective peer-based
preventive education and information
program to counter the dangers of ill
effects of drug abuse
 National Youth Congress on
Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control
A team of anti-drug advocates
and facilitators provide participants the
opportunity for positive discussions
structured learning activities, workshops,
and inputs
 Drug Abuse Resistance
Education (DARE) Program
Offers a variety of activity-oriented
techniques, which are designed to
encourage student-generated responses
to problem-solving situations,
specifically on drug abuse.
 Kids Against Drugs Program
A primary prevention activity that
aims to inculcate the skills of saying
“NO” to children as a firm foundation of
preventive education
 National Drug Education
Program (NDEP)
In cooperation with DDB-member
agency DepEd, entails five components:
Curriculum and instruction, co curricular
and ancillary services, teacher and staff
development, parent education and
community outreach, and research,
evaluation, and monitoring which is
comprehensive in nature and provides a
holistic approach to the problem of drug
abuse.
 Drug Abuse Prevention
Program for the Transport
Groups
A primary prevention activity
involving the public transport groups
designed to ensure the safety, well-
being of the commuters and pedestrians
by having drug-free transport personnel.

 Nationwide Caravan of Youth

Against Drugs

Aims to intensify youth empowerment

efforts to zero-in on drug abuse. This
project coverage in six (6) key cities
nationwide including: Metro Manila,
Davao, Cebu, Zamboanga, Naga City,
Cagayan De Oro, and Baguio City
Chapter 4
What is a Disaster?
- It is a natural or man-made hazard
that results in negative events such
as the destruction of possessions,
properties, or the environment.
There are also casualties resulting
from disasters.
Five Reasons why There is an Increasing
Number of People affected by Disasters in
the World
1. Rapid Population Growth
2. Concentration of Populations in
High-Risk Areas
3. Capital Development
4. Man-made Destruction
5. Growing Poverty
Categories of Severity
1. Accident (Individual)
2. Emergency (Limited)
3. Disaster (Widespread)
4. Catastrophe (Collapse)
Key Concepts
● Risk - the probability that a disaster
will occur
● Hazard - the specific nature of a
threat.
● Vulnerability - the inability to
withstand, protect oneself, or
recover rapidly from a potentially
damaging event.
● Prevention - measures designed to
avert a potential hazard.
● Preparedness - measures that
ensure an effective disaster
response.
● Mitigation - measures that reduce
the harmful effects of a disaster.
● Response - actions taken in the
aftermath of a disaster to assist
victims and to rehabilitate society.
Situations in the Philippines
Contributing factors that make disaster
happen and cause severe damages:
● Poverty and Marginalization
○ Malnutrition
○ Poor health
○ Inadequate basic services:
water, sanitation, drainage,
light, education
○ Unemployment, low wages
● Resource Depletion
○ Forest denudation
○ Soil erosion
○ Genetic erosion
○ Marine pollution
○ Agrochemicals
Air and water pollution
These factors lead to the following:
● Human-made Disasters
○ Flood
○ Civil War
● Natural Forces
○ Typhoons
○ Drought
○ Torrential rains with flooding
○ Earthquakes
○ Volcanic Terrain
Summary:
● There are five reasons why there is
an increasing number of people
affected by disasters in the world.
1. Rapid population growth
2. Concentration of populations
3. Capital development
4. Man-made destruction
5. Growing poverty
● Natural Disasters
a. Earthquakes/Tsunamis
b. Landslides
 c. Typhoons Assessment / Reporting on Preparedness
● Human-Made Disasters A. Medical / Nutritional Situation
a. Air and Water Pollution - Major disasters often result in
b. Industrial Accidents food shortage, nutritional
c. Fire inadequacies, and increased
d. Civil Disturbances malnutrition especially
e. War among vulnerable groups of
f. Poverty people. In the initial stages of
g. Bomb Threats disasters, acute food
h. Accidents shortage and instability are
● Categories of Severity common and the victims are
a. Accident totally dependent on food
b. Emergency aid.
c. Disaster B. Agricultural Situation
d. Catastrophe - Every year natural disasters,
● Key Concepts such as hurricanes, floods,
1. Risk fires, earthquakes, and
2. Hazard tornadoes, challenge
3. Vulnerability agricultural production
4. Prevention because agriculture relies on
5. Preparedness the weather, climate, and
6. Mitigation water availability to thrive. It
7. Response is easily impacted by natural
● Factors that make disaster happen events and disasters.
in the Philippines C. Structural Stability
1. Poverty and - Structural measures are any
Marginalization:malnutrition, physical construction to
poor health, inadequate reduce or avoid possible
basic services, and impacts of hazards, or the
unemployment application of engineering
2. Resource Depletion: forest, techniques or technology to
denudation, soil erosion, achieve hazard resistance
genetic erosion, marine and resilience in structures or
pollution, agrochemicals, air systems.
and water pollution - Non-structural measures are
● These factors can lead to: measures not involving
1. Human-Made Disasters: physical construction which
Flood and civil war use knowledge, practice or
2. Natural Forces: typhoons, agreement to reduce disaster
drought, torrential rains with risks and impacts, in
flooding, earthquakes, and particular through policies
volcanic terrain and laws, public awareness
raising, training and
education.
D. Relief Operation Capabilities
- Disaster relief operations
typically involves a series of
steps including establishment
of communication
infrastructures, performing
search and rescue
operations, and providing
any needed first aid services.
Disaster networks can be
classified as disaster
mitigation networks and
disaster relief networks
E. Established Lines of Communication
- During and after a disaster,
effective communications
must coordinate response
efforts in order to limit
secondary morbidity and
disease. Organizations must
communicate early and
frequently with multiple
stakeholders to prevent panic
and implement an orderly
response plan. The
government and other
decision makers need to
know what response efforts
are ongoing, and what type
of further assistance is
required where in order to
coordinate relief.
F. Established Data Collection Points
- Simply collecting data in
disasters often presents its
own set of barriers.
Sometimes the data just do
not exist, or tools to collect
information have to be
recreated or are too clunky
for mobile research studies,
or curated databases are not
made available to open
audiences. To address
pieces of this, data collection
could often be legitimately
framed as disaster
epidemiology, with an
expected impact on public
health practice, which may
remove some of the
administrative challenges
often encountered.
G. Established Format of Reporting
- When a disaster strikes, the
most important story that
journalists can tell their
audiences in the first
instance will be about safety
-– what they should do to
ensure they are safe, where
they can go if they need help,
and who they should listen
to.
- In describing what has
happened, where, how and
why, journalists may need to
take complex scientific
information and explain it in a
way that broad audiences will
understand.
H. Established Confirmation /
Verification Procedures
- When disaster is coming
before the government
announce it in public they
going to make sure the
information nag location
where the typhoon or a
certain disaster will hit that’s
why there are only specific
people who are allowed to
establish conformations
about the Disaster coming.
I. Established Authority for Releasing
Reports
- National institutional
arrangements for
 preparedness should clearly
designate who can authorize
the release of warnings to
the public, what
organizations should be
notified, and the procedures
to be followed. Standard
warning formats and
elements should be prepared
in advance, and appropriate
means or systems for issuing
the warning should be
determined, based on the
nature of the imminent
hazard event. These systems
should be consistent for all
hazards.
Summary:
- Before a disaster occurs, we should
know what are the ways we could
help ourselves and the people
surrounding us because the time in
which a disaster will occur is
unpredictable. Hence, we should
always be ready.
Relief Operations
1. Disaster times are emergency
situations, so during this times,
certain operational qualities of the
key players are needed:
● Cool and unbiased
assessment: analysis of
reporting
● Swift and decisive action:
knowledge of resources,
procedures, coordination
● Balanced respone
● Leadership (faster, better,
leading, not restrictive)
● Discipline for operational
reliability
● Resource management
● Rehabilitation already
envisaged/planned
● Planning already
accomplished
2. Food relief:
- relief is the enemy of
rehabilitation. It can destroy
self-sufficiency,
neighborhood relations,
self-help initiative, eating
habits, agriculture, and
marketing channels.
- Four ways food relief can be
distributed
a. General food
distribution
b. Mass feeding
c. Supplementary
feeding (schools,
hospitals, evacuation
centers)
d. Intensive or
therapeutic feedings
(hospital, etc, only)
3. Food for work:
- Based on experience, people do not
want to be parasites. The food for
work program offers a dignified way
by which disaster victims can help
themselves.
- The programs offer temporary
employment to
economically-challenged residents
and encourage them to participate in
community tasks in exchange for
food or cash.
Summary:
1. There are certain characteristics
needed from key players /
volunteers
2. Food relief
3. Food for Work program
Emergency Plan
- Process by which an individual or
community prepares in order to
minimize the effect of a calamity
How to Build your Emergency Plan
- “Prevention is better than cure”
- Know what disaster is in your way
- Have your emergency supply kit on
standby
- Secure your important documents
- Contact in case of emergency
- Identify safe places
Disaster Rehabilitation / Construction and
Recovery
- It is to restore and improve facilities,
livelihood and living conditions and
organizational capacities of affected
communities, and reduced disaster
risks in accordance with the “building
back better” principle
How to Help
1. Physical well being.
2. Socio-psychological well being.
3. Economic well being.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
- Avoid hazards and mitigate their
potential impacts by reducing
vulnerabilities and exposure and
enhancing capacities of communities
LGU approved Preemptive Measures
1. Constant reliable update
2. NDMRRC text alerts
3. Early evacuation and relocation for
affected communities
4. Eliminating possible debris
Summary:
- Natural calamities may not be
unavoidable, it is still possible to
minimize its repercussions.
- Examples are as follows:
● Emergency Plan
● News or text alerts
● Evacuation
● Eliminating obstructions
Disaster Preparedness
- A guide to help us be better
prepared for disasters
- Principles
a. Risk must be recognized
b. Vulnerability must be
recognized
c. There must be mitigation
strategies in place
d. System for preparedness
must be ready
- Effective Warning Message
● Language used is clear and
simple
● Content is consistent
● It is convincing
● Community or site specific
● Includes information about
the technical consequences
● Repetitiveness
- Land-Use Planning (Risk Zoning)
● Surveying different areas
such as mountainsides
● Developing rational plans for
urban centers
● Identifying areas for nature
conservation measures such
as reforestation
● Building codes for structure,
especially those in areas that
are at risk
- Public Awareness
● Mitigation Awareness -
explains about the causes,
 possible effects, and
mitigating strategies
● Preparedness Awareness -
explains what and how it will
happen, and what you should
and shouldn't do
● Emergency Response
Awareness - explains what to
do next

Summary:
- The following can serve as a guide
to be better prepared for disasters:
1. Principles
2. Effective Warning Message
3. Land-Use Planning (Risk
Zoning)
4. Public Awareness