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Chapter (3)
Series of numbers

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Solved exercises

Exercise1. Find the sum of the following series:

5k  2
 k  

1 2n
(2)  3    
4
(1) 
k 1 k ( k  2) k 0  5 
(3)
k 0 8k 1
(4)
n 0 n2

n n
2 1 1
Solution. (1) Sn  2   2(  )
k 1 k (k  2) k 1 k k 2

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  2 2
 2  (1  )  (  )  (  )  (  )  3 
 3 2 4 3 5 n n2  n 1 n  2

4
 lim Sn  3 . So the series is convergent and
n 
 k (k  2) 3
k 1

(2)

5k  2
  k
5 1 1600
(3)  8 k 1
 8(5) 2
    200 5 
k 0  8  3
k 0
1
8

1 2n 1
(4) It is known that n  2n  
n n2
. Since  n is divergent, then by CT the series
n 0


2n

n 0 n2
is divergent and it has no sum.

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Exercise4. Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent:

 
2n
 (1)n
n!
1) n 1 nn
2)
n 1 2n  3n
1

1 2  3  n n  
3)  4)    4 1  x 4 dx 
n 1 n2 n 1  0 
Solutions.

(n  1)! n n  n 
n
n! a
1) If an  n , then n 1   
n an (n  1) n 1 n !  n  1 

an1 1 1 n!
 lim
n 
 lim   1. So by ratio T
an n (1  1 )n e
n
n 1
n
is convergent.

2n 2n 1 2n 6n
2) an   0 , an 1  a     0
2n  3n 2n 1  3n 1 2n  3n (2n 1  3n 1 )(2n  3n )
n

(2 / 3) n
Thus a n is decreasing. Finally lim an  lim  0.
n  n  (2 / 3) n  1


2n
By AST  (1)n
n 1 2n  3n
is convergent.

We can also prove the absolute convergence of the series, and then it is convergent.

1  2  3    n n (n  1) 1
3) an  2
 2
and lim an   0 .
n 2n n  2
So by nth term test the series diverges.
n n
n2 2
4) First we note that an   4
1  x dx   x dx  .  (an ) 1  2
4

0 0
2 n
 
2
Using CT with the convergent series n
n 1
2
the given series  (a )
n 1
n
1
is convergent.

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 
Ex5. Prove that if  an2 and
n 1
b
n 1
2
n
converge, then the series:

 
(1)  anbn converges.
n 1
(2)  (a
n 1
n  bn )2 converges.


an
(3) n
n 1
absolutely converges.


Solution. (1) Using inequality anbn  an2  bn2 and that the series  (a
n 1
2
n  bn2 ) converges we

conclude that the series a b
n 1
n n
converges absolutely, therefore it is convergent.

(2) Referring to the given conditions and part (1) we get the convergence of the series (2).
1
(3). Let bn  . Using part (1) we get (3).
n

Unsolved exercises

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Unsolved exercises

Ex1. Use the integral test to determine the convergence or divergence of the following series:

 
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a)  n3
n 1
(b) n
n 1
2
1
(c)    
3 5 7 9

Ex2. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges or diverges:

Ex3. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges (absolutely or
conditionally) or diverges:

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Ex4. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges or diverges:

 n 1
ln  

 n 1 

 n 

2n 3  5
(a) 
n 1
ln 
 n 
 (b) 
n 1 n
(c) 
n 1 n 4 sin 2 n

Ex5. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges or diverges:

 k 


xn
(a)
n 1
k 1

n 4
(b)  n
n 1
where   1 and xn  0 with lim xn  L
n 


 n
k!  
(n !) 2
(c)    (2n)!  (d)  (2n)! 4 n

n 1  k 1  n 1


 ( 1) n

n2  1 1
 
n

(e) 2 (f) sin

n 1 n 1 2n n
 
(g)***  sin ( n2  k 2 )
n 1
(h)***  sin  n
n 1

Ex6. A ball is dropped from a height of 16 meters. Each time it drops h meters, it rebounds 0.81h
meters. Find the total distance traveled by the ball (We consider the ball to fall and bounce non-stop).

Ex7. Suppose an is a bounded sequence and bn is a sequence such that

an  bn  an 1 n  N

(a) prove that the sequences an and bn are convergent.

(b) If lim bn  L find lim an .

n n

Ex8. Let xn be a bounded sequence and xnk be a monotone subsequence.

Show that xnk is convergent.

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Answers

Ex1. (a) D (b) C (c) D

Ex2. (a) C (b) D (c) D (d) C

Ex3. (1) CC (2) AC (3) AC (4) CC (5) CC

(a) CC (b) D (c) C (d) D (e) D (f) AC (g) C

Ex4. (a) D (b) C (c) D

Ex5. (a) C (b) C (c) C (d) D (e) C (f) D (g) C

(h) convergent if   k , k   ; divergent if   k , k  

Ex6. The total distance traveled by the ball is: d  152.42 meters.

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