Social Science I Class 10 I 43

► Th is war ca used severe loss to life.and property. To ensure 1845-1849 Potato Famine in Ireland.
post-war resurrection, International Monetary Fund and
1885 European powers met in Berlin
world Bank were established.
► After the Second World War, the colonies of Asia and to divide-up Africa between
Africa gained independence. These countri es organi sed th emselves.
themselves as G- 77 to demand a New International 1914-1918 First World War held.
Economic Order (NIEO).
1921 Indentured labour abolished.
► In the 1960s, the Bretton Woods System collapsed and
1929-1935 The Great Depression.
Floating Exchange Rate System was introduced. Also,
1939-1945 Second Word War held.
industries were relocated to low-wage countries.
1947 International Monetary Fund and
(?'important Dateline World Bank Commence Financial
Operations.
Date/Year Important Events 1949 The Chinese Communist Revolution
3000 BCE An active coastal trade linked the which was the culmination of the
Indus Valley Civilisation with West Chinese Communist Party's d~ove
Asia. to power.

Practice Exercise
f?l Multiple Q6. From where could an Indian peasant borrows
7 Choice Questions
capital for growing food?
a. From Indian bankers, traders and moneylenders
Q1. Which kind of image appeared regularly in who followed European colonisers into Africa
b. Only from bankers ·
memorial stones?
c. Only from traders and moneylenders
a. Images of ships d. None of the above
b. Images of crops
Q7, Who were the first people to Link the world in
c. Images of precious metals ancient times?
d: None of the above a. Priests b. Pilgrims
Q2. What were the foods introduced in Europe after c. Travellers and traders d. All of these
Q8. What benefits did people get from trade in meat?
the discovery of America?
a. Technology promoted better living conditions at
a. Potatoes and soya
home and support for imperialism abroad
b. Groundnuts and maize b. Frozen meat transported to Europe reduced the
c. Tomatoes, chillies and sweet potatoes cost of shipping meat and made it affordable for
d. All of the above the poor
Q3. Which was the most powerful weapon used by the c. Reduce the risk of loss as the animals die during
Spanish to conquer America? shipping
a. Precious metal, silver b. Smallpox d. All of the above
c. Sugarcane d. Dates Q9. What was El Dorado?
a. A fabled city of gold

r
owledge BOOSTER b. A famous dreamland for many
Smallpox was proved to be a deadly killer and c. A city of tall buildings
decimated whole communities thereby paving the d. A fabled city of diamonds
I ,, way for colonisation.
Q10. Most Indian Indentured labour came from:
Q4. Which two countries were ·among the world's 9. Eastern UP
richest until the 18th century? b. North-Eastern states
c. Jammu & Kashmir
a. America and China
d. None of the above
b. China and India
c. India and America Q11. How the 19th century 'indentured labour' has often
d. Spain and India been described?
Q5. Where did the big European powers meet in 1885 a. New improvement of colonisation
for dividing Africa? b. New system of slavery
a. China ·b. Berlin c. New factor to change the society
c. Australia d. Africa d. A factor for industrialisation
 Europeans attracted th
re the I!
MA.-~l!_RMl~J> ( ff APTERWISE OuEsr10N 11ANI<
Q22- WhY ~c
{.' 1:-- 1n lo} ., 1l i, lndin w;is the single largest cxportc r of Africa• . r;:i l 1Je,1uty
·
OY w, ,-i '·1t l.l '· nitics f or uwes ment
t
11 l1i, h <<'l1l illOdity? ,1 Jporl u
1,. ov 1hr' n1, 1,,nJ rc~ources
and minerat
< ,, · ' ' ' .. ,111f' 'I' v,J ,I I
11
11:•pjl d Nd lffl ll (' , ' r or , , : 11('nl of la JOUr
r>r ru1tl
I for, .
Ourinq Whic h yea , did the Great Ot•prcsslon occur? '. . s were.
Can al cotonie _ Jl(''' hy the new cu nats
1 ), 'i 1/. 1 \).'<l Ill 111 1d J•J JO,, Q 23. -: rrr 1/Ji- . u ·
. 11 ' )'l 111 f, 1 ll ltd l'. 11I•, I
1hr: ,1,-c,1, 11 ~VI·ng ,;everal dams
I ''·' ,.
5 J

I .', f· 11: Jfl.'[l.._ 11 rt1c i1rer1 _ ' 1,cre poor people li ned
lon1cs w
c. tf1e co . here canal workers lived
lon1es w
t a 'N;tr,lt' the l.'Co11omlst who thought that Indian d. the co t was Launched during ti
overnen .
qr-tel {'Xports during the Great Depression of 1929 Q24 . Which ~ of 1929? .
Depression tion Move ment
r1\'1'rl(lt('d globa l economic recovery. Non-coopera
\ ,, \,,,,,.111( b. John Maynard Keynes a. t Move ment
b. peasan ent
•. ,· · , , d. Henry Ford . d'ence Move m
c;vil o,sobe 1
c. Movement
~rrangf' the following in the correct sequence: d. Satyagra ha
11 1 ThC' Second World War
t"' nowledge B605TER

l ::~e:~n
The Great Depression
. . e Movement, under the leaders/
, 11i 1 The Chinese Revolution
Civil o,sobediedn;. was launched in India durin
( 1v l The IMF and the World Bank commenced Mahatma Gan ''. ·. !
financial operations. height of depression.
i' 11) (,1i). (iv) b. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv) , ,,
' (,1 (ivl (iii) d. (iv), (ii). (i), (iii) the pioneer of mass production
25 late 19th century? .
Q -
nr 'Chutney Music' was popular in:
rd b. VS Naipaul
-,·1nidad a Henry o F
· Parker d. Ebenezer Howa
,,uvana C. 8arry

_ Su:-1.1am n Trinidad what was referred as Hosay?

Q26. I
- T1idad and Guyana a. Annual Muh@rram procession marking a c;
Which new invention made it possible to transport b. Christmas celebration
perishable foods over long distances? c. Easter festival
, Porrery b. Refrigerated ship d. New yea r celebration
~ Precious metals d. fine cotton cloth
Q27. Match the following and find the correct coc
Which of the following disease proved a deadly
killer for America's original inhabitants? Column I Column II
:: R1nderpest A. Annual Muharram 1. Chutney Musi,
: l,1easles
procession in
_ ~ t.merculosis
Trinidad
: Smallpox
~ _! By which crucial influences post-war reconstruction B. Protest religion 2. Hosay
was shaped? C.
Popular in Trinidad 3. Rastafarianisrr
~ r,i: JS emerged as the dominant country in the and Guyana.
#E-Stern world A B C
., ,e collapse of capitalist world
a. 1 2 3
,,,. emergence of Soviet Union as a world power
b. 2 3
:::,'1rr a and C.
C. 3. 2
', .~t ir t;;etween whom the Second World War was d. 3 2
1v..JgtJf 7 Q28.
I n;1::r,r_d and Europe ~hoose the incorrectly matched pair:
. J~/. dr.d Ja pan (i) European powers met in Berlin to divii
, 11,1 .L.ll,l:'S and the Axis Powers Africa-1885
r. 11,!)f,L· of the a/Jove
~!!) Second World War held - 1939-1945
111wJ, country was a major supplier of wheat in the (11 1) Chinese 0 c .
mmumst Revolution drove to P
1.-/vrld market in the nineteenth century? -1947
; 1,, 0 b. Eas tern Europe
(iv) The Great D 1
,,,, d ;_,, , r,erica d. Asia a. (ii) e~_ression took place -1929·
b. (111) c. (i) d. (iv)

QZ.9. Road the Information given below nnd find the
correct option:
From the mld-197Os, the International financial
system changed. The developing countries were
then forced to borrow from Western commercial
bmlks and private lending Institutions. This led to
periodic debt crises, lower Incomes and Increased
poverty in Africa and Latin America. The industrial
world was also hit by unemployment between the
mld-197Os to the early 199Os. From the late 197Os
MNCs also began to shift production operations t~
low-wage Asian countries.
In 197Os, what Increased the job opportunities in
the Asian countries?
u. Cl1ange in fi nanci,1l system
b. Borrow.ing monev from commercial bank
c. Investment by foreign MNCs
d. Shifting of prod uction operation to low-wage
Asian countries
Q30. What was the result of the abolishing of corn laws?
a. Food could be imported into Britain more cheaply
than it cou ld be prod uced within th e country
b. British agricultLwe was unstable to compete with
imports
c. Vast areas of land were left uncultivated and
thousands of people were thrown out of work
d. Consumption of food declin ed with the ri se in
food prices
Q31. Who were the decision-making authorities in the
IMF and the World Bank?
a. US's right to veto ayer key IMF and World Bank
decision
b. All the mem ber-nations of these two banks
c. A majority vote by all th e nations
d. All of the above
Q32. What do you mean by International Monetary
System?
a. It is the system for withdrawal of money
b. It is the system for deposit of money
c. It is the svstem linking national currencies and
monetary system
d. None of the above
Q33. What was the problem faced by the European
colonies in Asia and Africa after Independence?
a. Burden of overwhelming poverty and a lack of
reso urces
b. Overpopulation and illiteracy
c. The economic and social handicaps of long
periods of co lonial ru le
d. Depen dence on the colonial powers for economic
growth
Q34. What do you mean by Group of 77 or G- 77?
a. A protest aga in st the Western ·economic po licies
b. A group fo rm ed by Western nations
c. A group fo rmed by the deve loping countries
cl. All of the above
Social Science I Class 10 I 45
~nowledgeBCX)ST'ER
1!n~ G-77 ls u wolit/011 of <.levdopino countries to demand
\\, a New lntcrnotlonal Economic Order (N/£0).
Q35. Identify the Incorrect statement regarding Group
77 countries?
a. Group 77 count.rles demanded a New International
Economic Ordr.r(NIEO).
IJ, Thcv wanted to revise the International Economic
System in fa vour of the developing countries.
c. Thev es tablished the IMF to deal with
externi:il surplus and defi cits of its member
nations.
d. Th ey wanted u svstem that would give th em a
real control over their natural resources,
l?l Assertion and Reason
~ Type Qu est ions
Directions (Q. Nos. 36 to 42): In the following questions given
below, there ore two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). Read the statements and ch·oose the correct option:
a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of {A).
b. Both (A) a_nd (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
c. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d. (A) is false. but (R) is true.
Q36. Assertion (A) : The Silk Routes are a good example
of pre-modern trade and cultural links between
distant parts of the world.
Reason (R): The name 'Silk Routes' points to the
importance of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes
along this route.
Q37. Assertion (A) : The First World War was a war like
no other before.
Reason (R) : The First World War was mainly fought
in Europe.
Q38. Assertion (A) : During the war, industries were
restructured to produce war-related goods.
Reason (R): Societies were also restructured and
women stepped in to undertake jobs that men
used to do.
Q39. Assertion (A): The great depression affected the
Indian economy also.
Reason (R) : It was due to the integration of world
into one global economy.
Q40. Assertion (A): Food offers many examples of long
distance cultural exchange.
Reason (R): Ready food stuffs in distant parts of
the world might share common origins.
 · &ollowing was the lllo st
the ''
Of P
BANK Which Spanish conquerors?
46 I MASTERMJ~ CHAPTERWISE QUEST
ION
Ql · fthe pon
st weapon o . I military wea
h century indenture sr em . convent1ona Q 1. Wha
Q41. Assertion (A): The 19t tem of slavery· Ans. The
was referred to as the 'new sys a. srn allPox
b. pl gue the i
d labourers lived in a
cattle f the
Reason (R): The indenture c. above Thee
had few legal rights.
harsh working conditions and d· Non e o
upox kill a large number Of and
Multinational Companies WhY did sma pricE
Q 42 · Assertion (A): The . 7
.
alternative location for Qt know about the disease ·
(MNCs) choose China as an Americans, . QZ. Wha
did not inst the diseas
investment. a. TheY ·rnr nun ity aga nine
ebe
of industry to high- The had no, . 4 Ans. In ni1
Reason (R): The relocation b. I gisO lat,·on .
ld trade and capital deadly killer disease. mea
wage countries stimulated wor of on
allpox was
flow.
c Srn read throughout the contine nt1~ Q3. Wha
d. sma llpo x s~ Ans. Sera
riJ T ! P - - - - - - - .
The relocation of industry to
low-wage countries
a shortpenod.
llp ox prove to be. a deadly kill eti
(i)

ital flow. China is such

h did sma
Q 3. WIY rea d deep into
the continent once int ro·
stimulated world trade and cap niti
e rela tive ly low. a. t ~
5
d decimated whole commu es,
a country where wages wer b. It killed an
(ii)

c Both a. and b.
'd d the way for conquest.
§sw~~
·
d. It prov, e
did the disease used as
Wean... (iii)
'

5. (b) m wh ere · ? "'"

3. (b) 4. (b) Q4 · Fro from . .
1. (a) 2. (d) . Spanish conquerors come
8. (d) 9. (a) JO. (a) I b. Spain
6. (a) 7. (d) .
14. (b) 15. (c) a. Portuga d. Europe
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a)
(c) c. America

~
17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20.
16. (d)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c)
(d)
25.
30.
(a)
(d)
--------""7 An3. sw
(c)
ers
4. (d)
27. (b) 28. (b) 29. 2. (b)
26. (a) 1. (b) QI. What
35. (c)
31. (a) 3~. (c) 33. (a) 34. (c) Ans. Cowr
37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (a)
· 40. (a) Source 2 and ans wer
36. (a) Read the source given below Q2. Whe1
41. (a) 42. (c) stions that follo w: searc
que
ng pat tem offi Ans Durir
A good place to start is the changi
.
(?7 Source Ba se d production and consumption in
industrial E peop
~ Questions be self-suffi · Q 3. Stud:
Traditionally, countries liked to
ury Britain,
Source 1 in food. But in nin eteenth-cent
and answer the living stan
Read the source given below sufficiency in food meant lower
osing the most so? Popula '
questions that follow by cho and social conflict. Why was this
ent cen tury
h
appropriate option: growth from the late eighte
grains in Bri '
The Portuguese and Spanish
conquest and increased the demand for food
industry grew,
colonisation of America was
decisively under As urban centres expanded and
went up,p ·
way by the mid-sixteenth cen
tury. European demand for agricultural products
ssure from I
ult of superior up food grain prices. Under pre
conquest was not just a res tricted theim
erful weapon of groups, the government also res
firepower. In fact, the most pow 0 ~ com. The laws allowing ·the govern
mentto
a conventional
the Spanish conquerors was not the 'Co m [Ju
the germs such th1s were commonly known as
military weapon at all. It was industrialists
y carried on their Unhappy with high food prices
as those of smallpox that the urban dwellers forced the abo
lition of the
person. Because of their long
isolation, America's re scrapped,
immunity against Laws. After the Com Laws we Why
original inhabitants had no ~ould be imported into Britain
more cheaply
Europe. Smallpox the U
these diseases that came from it ~~uld be produced within the
country.
dly killer. Once to corn Ans. In th £
in particular proved a dea B~tis? agriculture was unable v ave r
into the continent, orts. uvast areas of land were n° 1
introduced, it spread deep with imp . peopl
s reaching there. It men and wo
ahead even of any European uncultivated, and thousands of of a t
killed and decima ted whole communities, paving ~~re thrown out of wo rk. They floc ked to
cities or migrat ed overseas.
the way for conquest.
 Ql. What was the corn law? Why was it abolished? Social Science I Class 1o I 47
Ans. The _
law_ Q4. Which new Invention
al\ow irn~ the B•itiL h
_ _ Q_ - -- '_ ., gowrnrn r.nt to rr•c,tr ict
made it possible to transport
the import of
_ _ __ _ _ , . _ _
corn 1s kn own 1
it;•·
111( ,. co, _n 1,iw
· :. perishable foods over long distances?
Thecorntawwas,1bo li h ·, lb . Ans. Tl1e invention of
' t:C ec;:iuse the 111dustnil lists r_ef!ige!·ate~ J~ made it possible
and urban dwellrr-, wPr , h · : · - -- · to transport peri shab le food over long distances.
- .-·---· ·- - · · ·· ( ~m ilppy w it n~ h food
pnces and so they foru.'d tli e 1 b .-t. ·- -f --
-- · · - _ , ... _01 1. io n o t 11ese laws. Q5. What were the silk routes used for?
Q2. What was meant by self suffi . Ans. Silk route s were used as pre- modern
. ciency in food in trade and
nineteenth century Britain?
cultura l links between distant parts of th e world. -
Ans. In nine teenth century Britain self fti .
. . · -su c1ency .1n food Q6. How did Rinderpest reach Africa?
m eant lower living standards and
soc .1a l con fl'1ct. Ans. Rinderpest arrived in Afri ca in the late 1880s.
Q3. What was the impact of scrapp·,ng f th It wa s
. o e corn laws? carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia
Ans. Scrapping of the corn laws had the foll . .
. r owing impact: to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East
(1) rood coul d be imported •into B ·t .
n am more Africa .
cheaply th an it w ould be produced within the
country. Q7. What is meant by an 'indentured labour'?
(i i) As food prices fell. consumpti on in Britai n rose. Ans. Indentured labour means a bonded labourer under
Faster indus~rial growth in Britain led to higher contract to work fo r an employer for a specific
incomes ano therefore more food imports. amount of time so as to be able to pay-off his
(iii) Aro und t he w orld in Eastern Europe R . passage to a new country or home.
. uss1a,
Ameri ca, Australia, lands were cleared and Q8. Indian indentured workers came from which
food production expanded to meet the British
regions of India?
demand.
Ans. Indian indentured workers came from Eastern UP,
?l Very Short Answer Bihar. Central India and dry districts of Tamil Nadu.

~ 11,dpe Questions Q9. When and why was migration of indentured labour
Ql What were cowries used for? abolished?
Ans. Cowries were used for t rading. Ans. Migration of indentured labour was abolished in 1921
Q2. When did large exodus of Irish people occur in because of opposition of India n nationalist leaders.

search of work? They criticised this system as abusive and cruel.

Ans. During the ti m e of 1845 to 1849, abo ut 20 ,00 ,000 Q10. Why were big European powers met in Berlin in
people emigrated in sea rch of work. 1885? (CBSE 2018)
Q3. Study the picture and answer the question: Ans. Big European powers met in Berlin in 1885 ~
demarcate t heir respective territories in Africa . .

Q11. Which countries were a part of Allies and Central

Powers during the First World War?
Ans. Allies-Britain, France, Russia
Central Powers-Germa ny, Austria-Hungary,
Ottoman Turkey.

COMMON ERRQR - - - - ~
Students may get confused in writing the names of
countries as Allies and Central Powers.

Q12. Which method of production was followed by

Why do you think people emigrated from Europe to
the US?
Ans. In the nineteenth century. t he US was emerging as
a very fast developing country with many jobs. So,
people emigrat ed from Europe to the US in search
Henry Ford to increase output?
Ans. Henry Ford used 'assembly line' method to increase
output.
Q13. What was the Great Depression?
Ans. The Great Depression was a severe world wide
economic depression in the decade preceding the

of a better future. Second World War. .

 ~- - - · . .,1,
travelled far <1n<J__,vv1
oat -- ,,.
· eS..'0:-1--
H 911NI< (i) ~ - 0 utes. ·
48 I M~ Mt!!Q CHAPTERWISE ouesr,o these r d 5~ From South-East
World war. 1
Q14. Name the two hostile groups of Seco nd 1 •')1 1e)(~.E£!.0 - ted through these rol.Jt v
(1 -- ~~
(COSE 2020 -arisP ~
d wc1r ,,re: a~C!J~tals, such as gold and ,
Ans. The two hostile groups of Second Wor l ' £urope~
") preci9u~ (11. ,S.- h··•II,
is
(III .,. d fro (l'l
(i) Axis Powers: Germany, lto ly .ind J.ip. Ht .
1 nowe . r
(ii) Allied Powers: ·F;11~cP, l➔ rilc1ln, Lf/, 1?. U'iA .inr
_ - -- ·ntroduct1on of new c
t ·mes 'between l"& d
11e an death•
rop
'ManY a ,
China. Q z. difference "th the example of intro .
(CIJS[· 2020/ the ernent w• do
Q15. Define the term 'Veto: ._
c1l ,-iollt 10 ·n Europe.
. . the stat
Ans. The term ·ve to· , cfcr·, to ,1 rnnsJ:!_t!.1110}~- - Q.:..~
V otatO crop I OR
~ion or p1y po_~,1l 1'.':'_ llj~~~~~ ~
,~ jcrt ;!_cicci_ p o s could make the differenceb
llldki ng bociv b the 'The new er Ph' Explain the above Stat
--- ~··-- en
d deat • .
Q16. How were Jute producers of Bengal affected Y life an . h potato Famine. (cs
h t of iris . f l
economic crisis? conteX . introduction o new cro
. l . w ·ute whic a r,rnes . dd , Ps
Ans. The 1ute producers of Benga grew I a 1 life an eath . Thi
was processed in factories fo r export in the for.!:!:1 Ans. ·ManVH rence between s
the di e 'th the example of potato.
of gunny bags. Since, the gunny bags exported rood w, .
6 un ders discovered ,n America a
collapsed. the price of raw jute fell to more than 0 • ~
(1·) potato was d in Europe. After ,ts introd
per cent. Thus, the producers got affected by the introduce~
economic crisis. ~ 'sp~nonorr bhPeg12:an to eat better a,
the Europe
Q17. Name the country which has an effective right of longer.
, poorest peasants were so dep
veto over IMF and World Bank. (ii) Irelan d s . h G --:--<
oes that during t e reat~ Irish1
Ans. The United States has an effective right of veto over t
on po a t
IMF and World Bank. . . (l845-1849 ). around 1O,OO,0oo p
Famine --i:
~ starvation in Ireland and dou~[
Q18. Why were the MNCs attracted towards the
number emigrated in search of work
developing countries?
Ans. MNCs were attracted towards the developing hat attracted the Europeans to Africa? Giv,
Q3. W
countries because of relatively low-wages and three reasons. (CBsr:
higher profits as well as rich resources. Ans.
Europeans were attracted to Africa because0
Q19. Who is referred to as the 'Bretton Woods twins'? reasons stated below:
Ans. The Bretton Woods twins refers to the two (i) The vast resources of land in Africa attrc
multilateral organisations created at the Bretton Europeans.
Woods conference in 1944. They are the World Bank (ii) They wanted to establish cotton and c(
and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). plantations in Africa .
Q 20. Mention the difference between International (iii) Tney wanted to mine its vast mineral resou
Monetary System and the Bretton Woods System. Q4. 'The pre-modern world changed with the disco
Ans. The International Monetary System is the system of new sea routes to America: Give any sun
that link national currencies and monetary system. examples to explain the statement. (CB5£1
Ans. The pre-modern wo rld changed with the disco
On the other hand, the Bretton woods system was
the system based on fixed exchange rates. of new sea routes to America in the following w
(i) Many of our common food items sue!
/?I Short Answer potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, to~
7 Type Question s ~hillies, sweet potatoes, were in~
,n Europe by America. These crops ma:
Q1. How were the silk routes a good example of vibrant
pre-modern trade and cultural links? Explain. difference between life and death. Ther
'- OR b~gan to eat better and live longer in Eu'
'
With th introductio n of potato.
'The silk routes are a good example of vibrant .;) e
(11 Precious m t l . n·
pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant e a s, particularly silver, ~
located ,n · h M e
parts of the world: Explain how? (CBSE 2015) t e present day Peru ~
also enha nee d Europe's wealth and financ·e'
Ans. .Silk routes linked the East and the West, connecting
trade With A-;s-:i-a----!.:.-=-::....:.:.::~:'....'.
Asia with Africa, the Middle East and the Southern
(jji) Slave trad st · r1
Europe. These routes are a good example of vibrant e arted. European traders caR
pre-modern trade and cultural links, as is evident s laves in Af . Ai11(
nca and took them to :
h
w ere the - f':'
from th e followi ng points: b Y Worked on plantations . •
ecame the
· centre of world trade.
 Social Sr:ienca r,::::·. 1 1
; • 49
.. COMMO~ ERRQ._R -.. --.-
(
'.>tudi:nl~ rfo nol
l.------·
1)11r: ,-1 amp/,-•,
r;wr:n ',IO/r:mN1/ 1n po1n1 ·•
in tl ir• (IJ11 f t ll r,J j fi/VI: f)l f1{1f.'f f f'/;: 1,11: Jr1r ll1t' !,,11/rfJ1,r; 'Jf Wfl{)[ r.1111,riit::,
.,., rmrl //Of u,,/1/ 11,,, 1·1plrmm1r,11 fr,r 11
QS, What were tho 'un n l..:r,vf7 How war. it aboU,t){:d?
-- --..- _._

Ans, ftlf' rrirr , L :1r . 'lfl'tl• 1' ,ri/ '' •• •11 11 1 rr·',!r 1u1r1r1·, r,r, Q8, 'Trade fl.otJr1thed antl mark-1.1~ e1.p;mded iri the
1111[1(,t tc•rl I,,,,iJ ,,, ,,11 .- , , 1 ,., ,fii
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~, , '1 ,,1 ·1 r JU1 t:nfurri•d
H1 (, r P,Jl /l!Jt,1111 !,r.•t /IH•n !'•Jr I ]SI Justify thr: ~tatemertt. /(, 1:~f 7,(JJ;J
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rr•,l',On',
(1) P~ ·.tn1 uon or, irnponc. H J tr; hi~h frJ <1rJ prir ,.,,.
Th.:',1;: lJ•11·, W:Mi~Wd frr•,:·tr,Jdf!.
(11)
(1ti) lnc.Ju.?tria.!!_:,_
~~ ~rid urhan rJv,i::!!_u'> vi::r~ ~in.?t
th(;:;<
- -: lav,s.
. (AnI/ tV/0 )
Q6. Mention a~y t~ree effects of the British
Governments decision for the abolition of the corn
laws. (CBSf 2016,1 7J
OR
Explain any three effects of scraping corn laws in
Britain. (CBSf 2020)
Ans. The three effocts of scr,::iping corn l,:,v,s in Britain
were:
(i) Food could be imported into Britain at much
cheaper rate than it 111ould be produced within
the country.
(ii) British agriculture was unable to compete
v,ith imports. Vast areas of land 1nere left
uncultivated and people started migrating to
cities or other countries.
(iii) As food prices fell consumption in Britain rose.
Faster industrial grov,th in Britain also led to
higher incomes and so more food imports.
(iv) Around the worW in Eastern Europe. Russia,
America and Australia, lands were cleared and
food production e'.t.panded to meet the British
demand. (Any three)
Q7. What were canal colonies? Why were they built?
Ans. Canal colonies were the areas irrigated by the new
canals and were settled by peasants from other
pa rts of Punjab.
These canals were built by the British government
for the following reasons:
(i) A network of irrigation canals were built in West
Punjab to transform semi-desert land into a
fertile agricultural lands.
(ii) The Britishers wanted to export wheat and
cotton. So. people from other pa rts of Punjab
were called and were settled to grow wheat tlnd
cotton here.
rrth;(II Ir,:;·, 1,f f(,'. <;r; r)rr, ;;r:J !i ;~,.~·,;,,,j:~ .
J
fii) L"1f: 1'.1th U:r,tur / ::;u;r,i,<:i~,~ ~-~••'.j~J':~~- r,:';_~§.'/
a!;,)ut rJl ,.:r, I r1~;~.., 'ru'J f ,e: r~r_t:..,:-,0rr;k. x::;;• ah~
': 'JJlr,gir:c i (h;;r;;:1,s i~1the: eu!r,ni~ ,
(iii) In /.,fri,-_,; , in thr:;f£so,., ; fi;~~_iez,,fr,;; _::Ji~;;-:.:<:
of wttif.:_p~gur; or rird<:rw:;r lv,1 ;; t.<:rrif ting
impaEt !~ E:2J.:!r:·s !i ,elihu,ds E:nd rt1<: b 2 '.
ecor.omv.
Ii';) Th(: e1ampl£: of indu,tureJ lEhour migratlcn
from India shows th:.;t it ·-11as a wcrW of fa :=.: tH
economic growth for some and great rni~ 01
and poverty for c,t'ners, t<.:chnologlcal ad1ano:s
in Europe and ne-11 forms of coercion in t,,sia
and Mrica. (f...nv three)
Q9. Explain how global transfer of disease in the
pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of
America. (IIC£«rj
Ans. The global transfer IJf disease in the pre-modern
111orW helped in the colonisation of America in the
foliov,ing •nays:
(i) America had been cut-off from regular cont.act
v,ith the rest of the v,orld for miWons of years.
After its discovery. it attracted the European
colonisers because of its vast lands and
abundant mineral V/ealth.
(ii) When these colonisers came to conquer
America, they brought with them the germs
of deadly diseases such as smallpox. Because
of their long isolation, America's original
inhabitants had no immunity against this
disease.
(iii) Once introduced. the disease spread deep into
the continent and killed and decimated whole
communities, thus paving way for conquest by
the European colonisers.
So, it can be concluded that global transfer of
disease (smallpox) in the pre-modern world helped
in the colonisation of America.
Q10. Why was there a need for clearing I.ands in Australia
and America during the 19th century? Explain any
three reasons.
Ans. Lands were cleared in America and Australia during
the 19th century because of the below stated
reason s:
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th<· ·:h1r,m 1•nt rA fr 11z:•n m, ,;i fr ,,rn /- m1,r'ir.,_;, 1 Q5, How had the US ec.cmomy resumed its strong
/. u::,triiliJ U( I 1,, II 2,t,;i,,{,_; n<J IJJ diff<;(l;r,t Euror<;z,n grr.mth in the ea-rty 1920s? Explain with examples.
r.ountni:-:., Thi·. r,,rJw (,,J 1ri,, ·,htfJpin;i r.,1/, t ,;r,1J
ICBS£20 l1Jj
la 11r:r1.:d m <•,1l prl<:1:·,.
Ans, Th.<- u; ,,~-tim'.!O its strr.,ng 0 0 11th in th<c
<;Wn<,;.m-J
( 11 The me;;1t h1.:r.,.,rrw ,, d:,il / di1:r fr,r thr: pucr. Thw~ <.:at1 / i 3Ws in tt.:! fr,Umilng 'll;J'<tS'
better [b ing 1.1,ndf(µ,n, c.r<;,MrJ ''9diil peija~ Ii) w(mg th<.: war. indvstrie-s w<::.re re-structur!W
·11irhin th<: u 1urrt.r 1 ;;mJ ',!Jpf)f.)rt f,;r lmf,,,rlall';,m w f_rodv~f: 11ar-r1<lau:d goods. Entire ;0eietl~
in th<; u,lr,r,ie;·,,
IIHC:. iJl.'W rr:org,anis;;d for •nar ;;s m;;n nern t r:;
Q3. Who were indentured labourers? How were they b:Jtti;; 11r;men stepp<:tl in to uru:iertai'e jobs th2t
reuuited? E-xplafn conditiom of the ind.entured <xfti<:r <ir,l / men 11er'i <?1{',ect<?d w do.
Labourers who went to work in dtfferent parts of
/iiJ Th<:. ier led to snaµpir.g of <:connm•c [ r,\.-s
the wort.ct
b'.:t m rn ;:;me of the 11ort.cfs L::r,;e:.st ec.ooom;~
OR
f}? ll<.:rs dnid1 ·11<tr<:. no·11 fighting 11ith r:adl
Descnbe the condition of indentured Labour that
migratP...d tram lndi.i during the nineteenth century. rJtt,er to pay for them.
(CBS£2019) (iii) Eritain borro 11ed 12rge sums of monev from US
Ans. trv:!<:mur<:d l;.;oour<:r.s 112r<:. b•:mded l;;oourers undq;- banl's 3s well as the US public. Thus. the war
,:rrAf;,;(,: tc w~r,
fc:,; zn rn1pto 1er for a :.pecific u;:,nsforrned the US from being an :ntematio112l
;;--~-:...:'It rf .LT ,': •r; J': /-'if~ -'1,:;ir pa--,,c,.;;g,:: tr., c re 11 d<::!Jtcr or an international a ednor.
0JJ.rkcr / :. " ... :.'r !'.=
fr,) Pt m<: Nar·s end. th<:. US and its citizens
~~::n_;~.rr~r-: , ,12,~ ".:'.i ;;,f; h/ ~g::r·:s er,g,a~d b/ -:mned mor<: C'tersc::as assets than foreit:n
5 '.'Jf ':' ?... dr_:: ,% ' ':. oa·r.'. a ,;n-6\J. a:immf~skm. §(:tlf:-rnments and citizens owned in the US.
7 r <: r.r.;11 '.!rJ:,r <;h<: 1n1<:~i:. ur<:'.i l;;t,,r;.Jr<:rs in
·/ P.n e1ampte for the resumption of strong g;a-uth
,;'if,,-r~,i ~ ' t :=; r;f t.1.<: 11c.rt.d Has 1<:r / r,att,e:tl::. It Q r rJf the US economy is the econ~mic: polic\'
~"= ~or.r',O!;:<J ~~ - fo \lc:,•11ed b / Asian countries. ThE countries of
1·1 --,_.=: 1 11<:. ' ": :;.J;; :-;u :-;d w harsn. in hvTian and lru:iia and China boosted their economy using
, ·;; p- -:x:"': :.::,; ~ cwdti r;ns, th,, 7-l mt: policy This led to strong grow'th of
1 -:..21;t--: e----,-i ping, the/ f~c.Ed the ·economy
1 ·' ...... '2 / , ::~' '; 11(,: ..':
*l-:. ·':.,u • ~· ''-:.' ,
UJ T!P - -------..
Students are advised to provide the reasons fo r
'· l 1 !.'t::~~,; '1? If:: "' ~ '·na..1:: fr rAT, th!:';r 'ltag~-5 d lI"' Eir resumption of strong US ecanomy and n.ot only the
I f"',.,.( I,~:.- ft:,'..,.--,: '; ..,.,-;ati:;f;,;~t (, . . / reasons for its srrength only in earty 19205.

Q10. Describe any five factors that led to the end of
the Bretton Woods System a_ nd the beginning of
globalisation. /CBSf.2016)
Ans. The five factors that led to the end of the Bretton
Woods System and the beginning of globalisation
are as follows:
(i) The economic power of the USA declined. US
Dollar no longer commanded confidence. It
.. could n~t mai~tain its value in relation to gold.
(11) International financial system changed. The IMF
a.nd t~e World Bank were created to meet the
financial needs of the industrial countries. The
CHAPTER TEST
Multiple Choice Questions
Ql. India's nationalist leaders began opposing the
system of indentured labour migration as abusive
and cruel. When was it abolished?
a. 1921 b. 1931
c. 1919 d. 1911
Q2. Which of the following represent the group of
powers collectively known as the axis power during
the Second World War?
a. Germany, Italy, Japan
b. Austria, Germany, Italy
c. France, Japan, Italy
d. Japan, Germany, Turkey
Q3. Which of the following statements correctly
identifies the corn Laws?
a. Restricted the import of corn to England
b. Allowed the import of corn to England
c. Imposed tax on corn
d. Abolished the sale of corn
Q4. Give the correct reason for decline of household
income in Europe after the First World War.
a. People stopped going to work as they were
scared of the war situation
b. Death and injuries had reduced the number of
able bodied workforce
c. Home governments had imposed heavier taxes
d. People could not go to work because they got
busy with reorganisation of their households
Q5. The geographical exploration in Africa was directly
Linked to:
a. search for scientific information
b. imperial projects
c. vast land with rich resources
d. labour to work for plantations in America
Assertion and Reason Type Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 6-7): In the following questions given below,
there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Social Science I Class 10 I 53
developing countries were forced to borrow
from western commercial banks.
(iii) There was ~~employment in industrialised
co~ntr~~ The number of unemployed started
rising and pc1ople began to go to long distances
looking for any work they could find.
(iv) MNCs shifted their production units to Asian
co.untries because of cheap labour and low
wages.
(v) China became a destination of attraction for the
investment by foreign MNCs.
•
a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
b. Both {A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
c. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d. {A) is false, but (R) is true.
Q6. Assertion (A): Thousands of people flee from
Europe to America in the nineteenth century.
Reason (R): Until the nineteenth century, poverty
and hunger were common in Europe, cities were
crowded and deadly diseases were widespread.
Q7. Assertion (A): The First World War transformed the
world drastically with .the adoption of a new mode
of warfare based on modern weapons of mass
destruction.
Reason (R): Economic transformation was in the
form of shift in investment and capital distribution.
Source Based Questions
Q8. Read the source given below and answer the
questions that follow by choosing the most
appropriate option :
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-
modem trade and cultural links between distant
parts of the world. The name 'Silk Route' points
to the importance of West-bound Chinese ·silk
cargoes along this route. Historians have identified
several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting
together vast regions of Asia, and linking Asia
with Europe and Northern Africa. They are known
to have existed since before the Christian Era
and thrived almost till the fifteenth century. But
Chinese pottery also travelled the same route, as
did textiles and spices from India and South-East
Asia. In return, precious metals - gold and silver -
flowed from Europe to Asia.
Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in
hand. Early Christian missionaries almost certainly
travelled this route to Asia, as did early Muslim
 54 I M ~M !N D CHAPTERWISE Ouesr10N
BAN K
preachers a few centuri es later. (vi) Identify the correct statem
Much before all ent out of the foll
this. Buddhism emerged from Eas
tern India and a. The silk route helped in com
mercial and c1
spread in several directions thro
ugh intersecting exchange.
points on the silk routes. ·
b. The silk route was acting
as a link be
(i) Which of the following silk different countries.
routes are a good
example? c. The silk route acted as rou
te for West bou r
a. Modern trade cargoes from China
b. Pre-mo9ern trade
c. Ancient trade d. All of the above
d. Global trade
(ii) What was exported from Ind Very Short Answer Type Quest
ia through silk route? ions
a. Oil b. Petroleum Q9. What was the effect of pot
c. Textile and spices atoes on the lives c
d. Herbs poorest in Europe?
(iii) Who travelled through silk Q10. Mention the two steps tha
route to Asia? t were taken to mee
a. Early Christian Mission increased demand for food in
aries . and Muslim Britain.
preachers
Short Answer Type Question
b. Buddhists and Muslim preach s
ers
c. Chinese and Europeans Q11. What steps were taken
by the economists
d. Africans and Christian Mission politicians of the world to
aries meet the gl1
(iv) Which of the following sho economic crisis that arose afte
ws that silk routes link r the Second W.
the world? War?
a. Through silk route, Chinese Q12. 'Trade flourished and ma
pottery, Indian textiles rkets expanded in the ,
and spices from South-East 19th century but there was a
Asia travelled to darker side to
Europe and North Africa process: Explain the statement
.
b. The most well-known silk
route connected China Q13. Why did developing cou
to Europe ntries organise the G-'.
Give three reasons.
c. West bound Chinese silk carg
oes and Chinese
pottery travelled through this Long Answer Type Questions
route
d. All of the above
Q14. 'The pre-modern world cha
(v) Which of the following reli nged with the discov•
gions spread through of new sea routes to Am
erica: Support 1
silk routes? statement with suitable examp
a. Buddhism
les.
b. Christianity Q15. 'Trade and cultural exchan
c. Islam ge always went ha
d. All of these in hand' Explain the statement
in the light of s
route.
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