CHARACTERISTIC RADIATION OF

X-RAYS

Submitted By :- Janhavi Mishra

Regd. No. :- 221704400026

Branch :- BSC. (MRT)

 CERTIFICATE

This is to that the work contained in

certified entitled “CHARACTERISTIC
RADIATION OF X-RAYS” submitted by
Janhavi Mishra Regd. No.-
221704400026 for the award of
degree of ______________________ under
Centurion University Of Technology
And Management is a record of
Bonafide work carried out by her
under my supervision and guidance.

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 PREFACE

In the preparation of this project of

Physics, I have precisely demarcated
all the important points. I have made
my best possible efforts to remove all
the errors. It is a great pleasure for me
to thank all those valuable suggestions
that have been given to me by Dr.
Abanikanta Bhadra. I must thank the
almighty for this inspiration and
guidance as well as my parents,
teachers who directed me to complete
this project file.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special

thanks of gratitude to my Physics
teacher Dr. Abanikanta Bhadra for
their able guidance and support in
completing my project.
I would also like to extend my
gratitude to the Dean Sunil Kumar Jha
for providing me with all the facility
that was required.

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CHARACTERISTIC RADIATION OF X-RAYS :-

1. CHARACTERISTIC RADIATION IS A TYPE OF ENERGY

EMISSION RELEVANT FOR X-RAY PRODUCTION. THIS
ENERGY EMISSION HAPPENS WHEN A FAST-MOVING
ELECTRON COLLIDES WITH A K-SHELL ELECTRON, THE
ELECTRON IN THE K-SHELL IS EJECTED (PROVIDED THE
ENERGY OF THE INCIDENT ELECTRON IS GREATER THAN
THE BINDING ENERGY OF K-SHELL ELECTRON) LEAVING
BEHIND A ‘HOLE’. AN OUTER SHELL ELECTRON FILLS THIS
HOLE (FROM THE L-SHELL, M-SHELL, ETC. ) WITH AN
EMISSION OF A SINGLE X-RAY PHOTON, SOMETIMES
CALLED A CHARACTERISTIC PHOTON, WITH AN ENERGY
LEVEL EQUIVALENT TO THE ENERGY LEVEL DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE OUTER AND INNER SHELL ELECTRON
INVOLVED IN THE TRANSITION.

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 2. AS OPPOSED TO THE CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM OF
BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION, CHARACTERISTIC
RADIATION IS REPRESENTED BY A LINE SPECTRUM. AS
EACH ELEMENT HAS A SPECIFIC ARRANGEMENT OF
ELECTRONS AT DISCRETE ENERGY LEVEL, THEN IT CAN
BE APPRECIATED THAT THE RADIATION PRODUCED FROM
SUCH INTERACTIONS IS ‘CHARACTERISTIC’ OF THE
ELEMENT INVOLVED.

3. FOR EXAMPLE, IN A TUNGSTEN TARGET ELECTRON

TRANSITIONS FROM THE L-SHELL TO THE K-SHELL
PRODUCE X-RAYS PHOTONS OF 57.98 AND 59.32 KEV. THE
TWO ENERGY LEVELS ARE AS A RESULT OF THE PAULI
EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE WHICH STATES THAT NO TWO
PARTICLES OF HALF-INTEGER SPIN (SUCH AS
ELECTRONS) IN AN ATOM CAN OCCUPY EXACTLY THE
SAME ENERGY STATE AT THE SAME TIME; THEREFORE
THE K-SHELL REPRESENTS TWO DIFFERENT ENERGY
STATES, THE L-SHELL EIGHT STATES AND SO ON.

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 THANK YOU