Answer all questions

1. Explain how natural selection can lead to speciation (7mks).

2. Explain the role of DNA helicase, gyrase and polymerase III in DNA replication (3mks)
3. Outline the role of plant pigments in the process of photosynthesis 3mks)
4. Explain the action of enzymes in digestion and explain the roles of at least two named
enzymes that are produced in the pancreas (8mks)
5. Outline the reasons for differences between the proteomes of cells within a
multicellular organism (6mks)
6. Which statement applies to enzymes?
A. Enzyme function depends on collisions between substrate and active sites.
B. One active site typically binds to a broad range of substrates.
C. The active site on the substrate is specific to one enzyme.
D. When enzymes are immobilized they stop working.
7. Which enzyme is matched to its function?

8. If a plant is exposed to light, which colour of light would lead to the lowest rate of
oxygen release by a green plant?
9. A. Blue
B. Red
C. Green
D. White
10. Which feature is common to both mRNA and DNA?
 A. Covalent bonds between adjacent nucleotides
B. Hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine
C. Ribose sugar attached to phosphate
D. Antiparallel arrangement of polynucleotide strands
11. Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of succinic acid. If
malonic acid is added to the mixture, the rate of reaction is reduced. An increase in succinic
acid will increase the rate of reaction again. For this system, which term best describes malonic
acid?
A. Substrate
B. End product
C. Non-competitive inhibitor
D. Competitive inhibitor
12. The diagram shows some of the metabolic processes taking place in a plant cell.
Identify the process Y and state the name of the organelle where it takes place in a plant cell.
Process Y:
Name of the organelle:
Identify the molecule Z.
State the type of reaction which converts excess monosaccharides to polysaccharides.
The process X uses oxygen and produces ATP. Identify the process X.
With reference to the diagram, identify one example of catabolism.

13. Outline the range of functions of proteins in cells (5mks)

Using the following table, compare and contrast anaerobic cell respiration in yeasts and in
humans. The first row has been completed as an example.

14. Describe the role of oxygen in aerobic cell respiration (5mks).

15. Outline how photosynthesis produces glucose (4mks)