Chapter 6

Self and Filipino Society (Self Awareness)

Introduction
In the course of your life, you have developed a personality. This is brought by
your upbringing, school, training, but also in normal interactions with the people
around you. This personality reacts to signals from your surroundings according to
a pattern that is successful to you, and you try to get and maintain a certain position
in that world. Success can be either positive or negative attention is also a form of
success for a personality

“Your visions will become clear only when you can look into your
own heart. Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside, awakes.”

― C.G. Jung
Objectives
● Develop of broader and deeper awareness of themselves
● Describe the basic human emotions
● Identify the values that give meaning and fulfillment to life
● Give deep understanding about personality development
and its component and structure.
● Identify the values which should be strengthened and
weakened the Roots of Filipino Character
● Write a reflection about the topic.
SELF AWARNESS
Self-awareness, as defined by Duval and Wicklund in 1972, involves the
ability to focus attention either on oneself or the external environment.
When individuals focus on themselves, they evaluate their behavior in
comparison to internal standards and values, leading to self-consciousness as
objective evaluators. This self-reflection involves comparing current behavior
to personal standards of correctness, which represent one's values and
beliefs.
Pride or dissatisfaction arises based on how well behavior aligns with these
standards. If dissatisfied, individuals may modify their behavior to better match
their ideals.
Ultimately, self-awareness is a crucial tool for self-control, enabling
individuals to recognize discrepancies between their behavior and personal
standards and take corrective actions.
HOW TO BECOME SELF-AWARE?
1. Ask “What?” instead of “Why?”
People often ask "Why?" when assessing their emotions or situations, but research
suggests this approach is ineffective because individuals lack access to many unconscious
thoughts and motives. Often, they are incorrect in attributing reasons for their actions.
Additionally, people tend to overlook physiological factors like low blood sugar or lack of
sleep when trying to understand their behavior, leading to biased self-evaluation.
Rather than asking “Why,” highly self-aware people ask, “What?” “What” questions
are more productive, and focuses on objectives and future goals, rather than past
mistakes.
For instance, let’s say you’re feeling frustrated at school. “Why am I feeling awful?”
will likely only leave you feeling more depressed, forcing you to reflect on negatives. On
the other hand, “What are the situations that making me feel bad?” guides you to
recognizing factors outside your control that don’t align with your passions or goals, and
helps you strategize how to fix those situations.
HOW TO BECOME SELF-AWARE?
2. Spend Time with Yourself
It’s not easy to reflect on yourself when you’ve got the TV blaring, you’re out to
dinner with friends, or you’re glued to your phone.
Give yourself the space and time necessary to self-reflect, by avoiding distractions.
Try spending time reading, writing, meditating, or practicing other solo activities to
connect with yourself.

3. Practice Mindfulness
Mindfulness promotes self-awareness by encouraging individuals to be present,
observing their thoughts in a non-judgmental manner. The deliberate focus on oneself in
the current moment facilitates a better understanding of one's thoughts, feelings, and
emotions. Applying mindfulness when feeling frustrated allows individuals to acknowledge
and recognize their internal experiences more effectively, contributing to increased self-
awareness.
HOW TO BECOME SELF-AWARE?
4. Become a Better Listener, and Ask for Feedback
Developing empathetic understanding involves actively listening
without judgment, which enhances interpersonal connections.
This skill, similar to mindfulness, requires purpose and control.
Applying these listening skills to oneself contributes to improved self-
awareness by better understanding personal thoughts and emotions.
Seeking feedback from others is also crucial for a more
comprehensive self-awareness, as external perspectives provide a more
complete picture of one's identity and impact on others.
HOW TO ASSESS YOURSELF MORE ACCURATELY
If you aspire to achieving more of the positive qualities that come with the ability to
accurately self-assess, here are a few ideas to try:

● Meditate – give yourself time to learn mindfulness techniques that will help you step back
from the clutter and pace of modern life and start to gain more clarity on who you are.
● Self-reflect more – start to consider your life and your own personal qualities more; think
about what you’re good at and what can be improved. Revisit situations where you have
become upset, frustrated, or stressed and try to learn why they happened.
● Make lists – write down all your skills and talents; then, separately note down what you
would like to improve.
● Take a breath –when you feel negative emotions take over, learn to take a breath before
repeating negative patterns of behaviour.
● Take psychometric tests – tests like Myers-Briggs and Predictive Index may provide valuable
insight and help you consider your personal qualities in more detail.
● Seek out honest feedback – compare how you see yourself with how trusted friends see you.
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
The progress in and insistence on quality of education, coupled with
rapid strides in spread of knowledge calls for equality developed and able to
recipients. Thus, a definite need is felt for well-developed personality and
character in our life. The Vendantic concept of personality development is
based on the concept of perfection of each soul and self-confidence for
realization and manifestation this inner knowledge.

Five dimensions are involved in forming the human personality. These

are:
❖ Physical self
❖ Energy self
❖ Intellectual self
❖ Mental self; and
❖ Blissful self.
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
A well-integrated personality is the sum total of harmonious expression of these
five dimensions.
❖ Physical Self- relates to our senses. Proper nourishments and growth of physical faculties is essential
by way of balance diet, recreation, music, care, concern from near, and dear ones. Self-confidence
could be developed by just merely patting on the back or shoulder for any achievement in life.

❖ Energy self- relates to metabolism and the gross manifestations of energy (prana), e.g. act of breathing.
The control of prana is achieved by control of anger, anxiety and restlessness.

❖ Intellectual self- pertains to discrimination power and knowledge or the cognitive domain.

❖ Mental self- related to stress and psychology, selflessness and control, concentration and calmness
and mind plays essential role.

❖ Anandamaya Kosha or Blissful self- is the function of state of being. It calls for remaining calm and
unaffected, nay for remaining happy, in all the frivolities of world, in all neck-breaking competition and
struggle, failure and success.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS
These factors greatly affect the roots of the Filipino strengths and
weaknesses such as;
1) the home environment, 2) social environment, 3) culture and language, 4)
history, 5) the educational system, 6) religion, 7) the economic environment,
8) the political environment, 9) mass media and 10) leadership and role
model.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

The Family and Home Environment

The home environment significantly influences individual character

development, with childbearing practices, family relations, and attitudes
being key components. A nurturing family with love and low independence
training fosters a sense of security and trust in the child but may lead to
dependence. Conversely, an environment lacking in discipline and rigid
behavior standards can result in a deficiency of self-discipline. The balance
between nurturance and discipline plays a crucial role in shaping a child's
character and readiness for societal integration.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

Social Environment
We are social beings we cannot live without the support of one, for
“no man is an Island”. No one can survive without depending on other
person.
The social environment of Filipinos is characterized by a feudal
structure with great gaps between the rich minority and the poor majority.
The main components of social environment are; social structures
and social systems such as; interpersonal religious and community
interactions.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

Culture and Language

Language and culture cannot be separated. Language is vital to understand our
unique cultural perspectives. Language is a tool that is used to explore and experience
our culture and the perspectives that are embedded to our cultures.

Filipino Culture rewards such as;

o Traits and corresponding behavioral patterns develop because they make one
more likable and enable life to proceed more easily.
o An openness to the outside, which easily incorporates foreign elements without
a basic consciousness of our cultural core.
⮚ Filipinos have been noted as warm and our being person-oriented, devoted to
family and with sense of joy and humor are part of our culture and reinforced by all
socializing forces such as the family, school, and the peer group.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

History
Our mentality is the product of our colonial history, which is
regarded as the culprit for our lack of nationalism. Colonialism developed a
mind-set on us, to think of the colonial power as superior and more
powerful. With the invasion of the Spaniards and Americans, we developed
a sense of dependence on foreign powers that made us believe that we are
the second class citizen to them and we are not responsible for our
country’s fate.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

The Educational System

The Philippines' education system bears the influence of its colonial
history, with significant contributions during the American occupation of
1898, introducing English as the primary language and establishing a U.S.-
modeled public education system.
Formal education in the Philippines follows a 6+4+2+4 structure,
encompassing 14 years (6 primary, 6 secondary, and 4 higher education),
representing one of the world's shorter formal education terms.
Recent innovations in the Philippine education system prioritize the
pupil in the teaching-learning process, emphasizing teachers' awareness of
students' inborn tendencies, respect for individual differences, and
knowledge of learning laws, principles, and teaching methods.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

Religion
It plays a vital role in the spiritual and moral development of
individual. We, Filipinos, believe in life after death, hence we
practice what the religion teaches. It is the root of Filipino
optimism and its capacity to accept life’s hardship.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

The Economic Environment

Poverty is the number one felt problem in our society and it serves
as an excuse for graft and corruption in our bureaucracy. It is also the vital
factor in the crime incidence in our country as well as all over the world.
Our Filipino traits are rooted from poverty and hard life. Our
economic difficulties drive us to take risks, impel us to work very hard and
develop in us the ability to survive.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

The Political Environment

Our Government is obliged to deliver the basic services to
the people and in return, we pay our taxes.
Our Philippine political government is characterized by
greed and power during election. There are those who are killed
if they actively participate in political campaigns. The political
power and authority are concentrated in the hands of the elite
and the participation of the people is limited only to voting in
elections.
ROOTS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

Mass Media
They have strong impact on the moral development of the
youth. The children idolize young actors and actresses. If they
portray negative values, it is internalized in our children’s mind.
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

1.Pakikipagkapwa-tao (regard for others)

✔ This is manifested in a basic sense of justice and fairness, ability to

empathized with others, helpfulness and generosity in times of needs
(pakikiramay) in the practice of bayanihan or mutual assistance , in the
famous hospitality and in concern for others.
✔ Pakikipagkapwa-tao results in camaraderie and feeling closeness to
one another. It is the foundation of unity as well as sense of social justice.
Filipinos possess sensitivity to other’s feelings (pakiramdam), pagtitiwala or
trust, and the sense of gratitude or utang na loob (debt of gratitude).
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

2. Family Orientation

✔ This pertains to the concern for the family, which is manifested in the
honor, and respects for parents and elders. This is further manifested in the
care given to children, even up to the extent of extended family, where the
married children still reside in their parent’s house. This sense of family
orientation results in a feeling of belongingness and rootedness and in basic
sense of security.
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

3. Joy and Humor

✔ Filipinos by nature are found of social celebrations. We inherited this

character from the Spaniards. We have a positive attitude to our ups and
down in our lives because despite the odds, we still have the capacity to
laugh even at the most trying times and laughing is an important coping
mechanism. Often playful, sometimes cynical, sometimes disrespectful, we
laugh at those we love and at those we hate, and we make jokes about our
fortune, good and bad.
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

4. Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity

✔ Filipinos have a great capacity to adjust, become creative, resourceful,
and adept at learning and have the ability to improvise and make use of
whatever is on hand in order to create and produce anything.
✔ These characteristics of Filipinos are manifested in their ability to
adapt themselves to a change of environment in any part of the world, in
their ability to make new things out of a scrap and keep old equipment
running. We are open to change or innovations.
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

5. Hard work and Industry

✔ This pertains to the desire to raise one’s standard of living by working
very hard, given proper conditions and possess the essentials of a decent
life for their loved ones. This is manifested by their courage to go abroad, and
to take the risk or even work at two or three jobs.
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

6. Faith and Religiously

✔ Filipinos are notes for deep faith in God because of the belief of life
after death. Their ultimate goal is to go to heaven and they are afraid of the
ball of fire or otherwise known as hell.
✔ Filipinos live very intimately with religion and that is very tangible in our
everyday lives. Before we sleep, eat and go to school or work, we pray
because we believe that whatever bad omen we may face, he will always
save us.
✔ Filipinos’ faith results courage, daring, optimism, inner peace, as well
as the capacity to genuinely accept tragedy and death.
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTERS

7. Ability to survive
✔ We are known for our ability to survive despite the economic
difficulties we are encountering. Filipinos make the most with whatever is
available in the environment, e. g. by eking out a living from a garbage dump.
This is survival instinct of the Filipinos, which is related to basic optimism,
flexibility, and adaptability.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

1. Extreme Personalism
✔ This is manifested in the tendency to give personal interpretations to
actions, e.g. pakiusap (request), lagay and regalo(fixing), palakasan (power
and influence), nepotism and favoritism and to take things personally.
Personalism is also manifested in in the need to established personal
relationship before any business or work relationship can be successful. It is
very difficult to turn down something when personal contacts are involved.
Extreme personalism thus leads to graft and corruption, which is very
evident to the Philippine society.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

2. Extreme Family Centeredness

✔ While it is true that concern for the family is one of the Filipinos’
greatest strengths, in the extreme it becomes a serious flaw. (E.g. use of
one’s office and power as a means of promoting the interest of the family
members, in factionalism, patronage, and political dynasties and in the
protection of erring family members). Excessive concern for the family could
be detrimental to the common good and acts as block to national
consciousness.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

3. Lack of Discipline
✔ This manifested in relaxed attitude towards time, tagged as “Filipino
time” and space which in itself is lack of precision, in compulsiveness in
poor time management and delays of work, and in procrastination. We are
impatient and unable to delay gratification or reward, resulting in the use of
short rules, skirting (the palusot syndrome) and in foolhardiness. We are
also noted of “ningas cogon”.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

4. Passivity and Lack of Initiative

✔ Filipinos are generally passive and lacking of initiative. One has to be
told what has to be done. This is related to a hammer (an authority), Filipinos
need for strong authority figure and feel safer and more secure if the things
that they are going to do come from the instructions of the superior . Filipinos
are submissive to those in authority, and are not likely to raise issues or to
question decisions. There is a high tolerance for inefficiency, poor service,
and even violations of one’s basic rights. In other words, Filipinos are too
patient and can bear long suffering (matiisin). Hence, we are easily
oppressed and exploited.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

5. Colonial Mentality
✔ This pertains to the openness of the Filipinos to the outside-adapting
and incorporating the foreign elements into our image of ourselves. This is
manifested to our acceptance of modern mass culture, which is often
western.
✔ Such mentality is made up of two dimensions; first is lack of
patriotism or an active awareness, appreciation, and love of the Philippines,
second is an actual preference for foreign things.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

6. Kanya-kanya Syndrome
✔ Filipinos have selfish, self-serving attitudes that generated a feeling of
envy and competitiveness towards others. These characteristics could be
describe as “crab mentality” referring to the tendency of crabs in a basket to
pull each other down), using the levelling instruments of gossips or tsismis;
intrigue or “intriga” and unconstructive criticism.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

7. Lack of Self Analysis and Self-Reflection

✔ This is related to the Filipino emphasis on form (maporma) rather than
substance. There is a tendency to be satisfied with rethoric and to substitute
this for reality.
✔ Filipinos tendency is to joke at something even if it is a serious matter
and prevent from looking deeply into the problem.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

8. Filipino Indolence
✔ The Filipinos were called by Spaniards as indolent which means lazy
and lack of initiative and ambition, but Rizal refuted this negative description
and explained that:
1. It is unhealthy to work in the Philippine hot climate;
2. The industries during Spanish era proved that they were not lazy, but
instead the invaders forced labor and closed down the industries;
3. The Spaniards were the ones who taught gambling to Filipinos;
4. The Filipinos were discriminated and discouraged to pursue their
studies.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

9. Mañana Habit
✔ This negative was inherited from the Spaniards. This means putting off
for tomorrow what can be done today or procrastination. It has the element
of fatalism ans is linked with “bahala na” attitudes.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

10.The Fiesta Syndrome

✔ This is still being celebrated in the rural areas. Filipinos
celebrate so many occasions like feast of Patron Saint of their
place, birthdays, baptismal and confirmation of their child,
marriage, anniversaries etc.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER

11.Hospitality
✔ The Filipino families are very much well known for hospitality.
The visitors are welcomed warmly with full of enthusiasm. They
offered the best food even to the extent of depriving themselves
just only to please their visitors.
Q & A?
Chapter 6 (Part 2)
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

You’ve probably heard of public servants carrying out great

acts of patriotism. You’ve probably also heard of concerns of a
rising wave of nationalism around the world. Yes, both words
involve some form of pride in one’s country, but there is an
incredibly important distinction to be made between the two.

Historically, both patriotism and nationalism were used

roughly in the same way. But they significantly diverged along the
way, and one has a much more positive connotation than the
other. Do you know which is which?
WHAT IS PATRIOTISM?
Patriotism is a noun denoting devoted love, support, and
defense of one's country, encompassing national loyalty. While
commonly associated with military service and government roles,
patriotism extends to various forms of civic engagement, including
diplomacy, teaching, and volunteering. Acts like displaying a
national flag at one's home also exemplify patriotism. The term
originated in the early 1700s, and by the 1770s, a patriot referred to
a member of a resistance movement or freedom fighter,
particularly during the American War for Independence. The word
patriot has its roots in the Greek word patriṓtēs, meaning "fellow-
countryman" or "lineage member," ultimately derived from the
concept of "fatherland."
WHAT IS NATIONALISM?
Nationalism today generally refers to the assertion of one's
nation's interests as separate from others, reflecting an excessive
and aggressive form of patriotism. Rooted in historic events like the
French and American revolutions, where sovereignty was sought
over monarchies, this early nationalism is viewed positively as a
cornerstone of Western liberalism and democracy. However,
contemporary nationalism can take a darker turn, merging with
ideas of superiority based on ethnicity or religion, leading to
exclusionary and chauvinistic attitudes. Such extreme nationalism
can manifest as jingoism, promoting war readiness and aggressive
foreign policies, or as isolationism, where a country avoids
international alliances and commitments. The term "nationalism,"
dating back to the early 1800s, is derived from the Latin word
meaning "birth" or "tribe."
PATRIOTISM VS NATIONALISM?
In simpler terms, Patriotism is a deep love and
support for one's country, including a sense of loyalty. It
often involves pride in national symbols and values. On
the other hand, Nationalism is an extreme form of
patriotism that can become aggressive and exclusionary.
It emphasizes the interests of one's own nation over
others, sometimes leading to a belief in the superiority of
one's country. While patriotism is generally positive and
inclusive, nationalism can take on a more negative and
divisive tone, potentially resulting in hostility towards other
nations.
 How to use patriotism vs. nationalism

Patriotism generally has a positive connotation. It’s used

for various positive sentiments, attitudes, and actions
involving loving one’s country and serving the great good of
all its people.
Nationalism generally has a negative connotation. It’s
used for political ideologies and movements that a more
extreme and exclusionary love of one’s country—at the
expense of foreigners, immigrants, and even people in a
country who aren’t believed to belong in some way, often
racial and religious grounds
 GOOD CITIZENSHIP
How can you become good citizens?

The Filipino values presented in the preamble have

been simplified and categorized into the following:

• Pagkamaka-Diyos

• Pagkamaka-Tao

• Pagkamaka-Bayan

• Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
Filipinos, as one of the countries with the highest
number of Catholic Christians, deeply believe in the
supernatural power of God as the creator of heaven and
earth. Morality holds significant importance in their
actions, words, and thoughts, reflected in their active
participation in church activities and daily practices of
prayer. Rather than being termed "religious people,"
Filipinos consider themselves faithful believers,
emphasizing their devotion to the Lord rather than a
specific religious affiliation.
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
A. Faith in the Almighty God imploring the aid of almighty
God

✔ This is the basic values to put God in the center of

your lives and communicate with him by means of prayer.
You should look Him as your ultimate source, one with
infinite power to help you in your work, to enable you to
meet your needs and to get you out of trouble and crisis.
With this experience, you become fully aware of the things
you can accomplish when you live a life of faith.
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
B. Respect for Life

-Your life is a gift from God, and recognizing the worth and
dignity of yourself and others fosters appreciation and
understanding in society.
-Your body is sacred, being God's temple, and you have a
responsibility to protect it from violence. Upholding natural human
rights is crucial, including safeguarding the well-being of others
and rejecting advocacy for harm or violence.
-Recognizing the preciousness of life, it is your duty to
respect, protect, nurture, and preserve human life from the
moment of conception, emphasizing the sanctity of life throughout
its entire existence.
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
C. Order

✔ The value of order is doing “first things first.” It is simply doing

the right thing at the right time and right place without hesitation.

✔ Order entails the discipline of mind emotion and action. We

need these so that we can lay a peaceful successful and
productive life. Otherwise it will trigger situations of panic unrest
confusion havoc and anarchy.

✔ Order entails the discipline of mind emotion and action. We

need these so that we can lay a peaceful successful and
productive life. Otherwise it will trigger situations of panic unrest
confusion havoc and anarchy.
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
D. Work

“GIVE FISH TO A MAN AND HE WILL HAE FOOD FOR A DAY

TEACH HIM HOW TO FISH AND HE SHALL HAE FOOD TO
EAT THROUGHOUT HIS LIFETIME.”

- Chinese proverb

Work is a gift from God, and using one's talents with dedication, hard
work, and honesty contributes to being a productive and self-reliant
member of society, emphasizing the importance of values and love in
achieving excellent results.
PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS
E. Concern for the Family and Democracy
✔ Respetuhin natin ang ating ina ilaw siya ng
tahanan bugyang galang ang ama at ang payo ang
susundan at sa magkakapatid kailangan ay magmahalan
dapat lang ay pagusapan ang hindi nauunwaan.

This value underscores that family is a divine gift,

emphasizing the responsibility to prioritize and strengthen
it as a sanctuary of life and a fundamental unit of society,
valuing it above worldly gains and fostering love,
understanding, and mutual respect among its members.
 PAGKAMAKA-TAO

“Madaling maging tao ngunit mahirap

magpakatao.”
To be called 'makatao,' one must respect others' rights and
opinions, transcending differences. Filipinos are known for
embodying values such as kindness, generosity, and
politeness, making a positive global impact. Despite
facing calamities, Filipinos showcase unity and positivity,
evident in instances like the viral post-Yolanda selfie
photos, contributing to their reputation as responsible,
loyal, and trustworthy individuals worldwide.
 PAGKAMAKA-TAO
“Madaling maging tao ngunit mahirap
magpakatao.”
To be called 'makatao,' one must respect others' rights and
opinions, transcending differences. Filipinos are known for
embodying values such as kindness, generosity, and
politeness, making a positive global impact. Despite
facing calamities, Filipinos showcase unity and positivity,
evident in instances like the viral post-Yolanda selfie
photos, contributing to their reputation as responsible,
loyal, and trustworthy individuals worldwide.
PAGKAMAKA-TAO
A. Love

✔ Maybe not all of us ever learned how to live in

love which holds us back to love others. This is what
the Almighty God wants you to learn; learn to LOVE.

✔ Love entails sacrifice, responsibility and

service. Love binds us together as a nation. Love is
the key to our national progress. Let it love be in the
beginning the middle and the end of our history as a
nation.
PAGKAMAKA-TAO
B. Freedom

Valuing freedom involves recognizing

individuality with human rights and duties,
emphasizing the virtue of responsibility. The
historical events of EDSA I and II exemplify the
protection of freedom from tyranny and anarchy,
urging the practice of freedom with a clear
understanding of its limits, discipline, and chastity,
fostering love, understanding, and the pursuit of
good.
PAGKAMAKA-TAO
C. Peace
“Peace means serenity of mind simplicity of heart
and tranquility of soul”-St. Augustine

Valuing peace involves contributing positively to others and

one's country, living harmoniously, and avoiding violence in
dispute resolution, with the understanding that peace begins
with individual efforts, nurtured through prayer, faith in God,
concern for others, loyalty to the country, and respect for the
environment.
PAGKAMAKA-TAO
D. Truth

The value of truth involves living passionately

with honesty and sincerity, recognizing its
significance in society as a condition for freedom,
requiring transparency, integrity, courage, and
humility, and emphasizing the importance of
honesty in all aspects of life for personal growth and
freedom.
PAGKAMAKA-TAO
E. Justice

Valuing justice involves promoting ethical

practices, fostering social justice, ensuring a
humane working environment, advocating for fair
labor practices, and rejecting corruption,
recognizing its significance in creating a society that
respects human dignity, security, and equal
opportunities for personal development and
happiness.
 PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN
‘Taas noo kahit kanino, ang Pilipino ay ako.’
Despite the challenges of graft and corruption in the country,
Filipinos take pride in their strong passion for nationalism and
loyalty, evident in the historical sacrifices of heroes like Lapu-lapu,
Bonifacio, Rizal, and Ninoy Aquino who fought for freedom. The
commitment to total independence continues today, showcasing a
global reputation for active revolution in the pursuit of peace,
freedom, and justice. Everyday acts of nationalism include
respecting laws, rooted in a profound love for the Philippines,
demonstrating a deep-seated patriotic commitment to honor and
serve the nation throughout one's life.
PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN
A. Unity

Unity as a citizenship value in the Philippines

entails fostering a sense of oneness among
citizens, promoting a united nation where
individuals prioritize the well-being of others,
extend assistance, and actively work towards the
collective good of the country.
PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN
B. Equality

The principles advocate for the universal

values of equality and dignity, emphasizing the
inherent right of all individuals to fair treatment
irrespective of background. By discouraging
irrational judgments, promoting conscientious
actions, and envisioning a community founded on
love and justice, these principles aim to foster a
harmonious and peaceful coexistence.
PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN
C. Respect for Law and Government Rule of Law

Citizens are encouraged to be law-abiding,

emphasizing that laws and governments should
serve the interests of all citizens rather than a select
few in positions of power. It is advised to
understand and follow laws, appreciate government
functions, and contribute to improving the lives of
fellow citizens while maintaining personal values
and avoiding illegal acts.
PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN
E. Common good

The common good encompasses the total

goods and social conditions that facilitate the
fulfillment of individuals or groups, incorporating
respect for fundamental human rights, the well-
being and development of the community, and the
establishment of peace for a just and stable order. It
is a concept comprising these three elements,
emphasizing both individual rights and the
collective welfare of society.
 PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN
"The Earth does not belong to us: we belong to the Earth." -
Marlee Matlin

Filipinos demonstrate strong advocacy for environmental

preservation, evident through various national and local organizations
like the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and
Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI). These entities actively
engage in initiatives such as coastal clean-ups, tree planting, and
proper waste disposal to contribute to the protection of the
environment. Additionally, the government's support is reflected in
local movements organized by each government unit, and even
educational institutions like campuses, where clubs and student
organizations like YESO inspire students to actively participate in the
advocacy of preserving and safeguarding the environment.
PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN
A. Concern for the Environment

✔ God made us stewards of His creation. You are

aware that your existence and that of generations
after you are threatened by the destruction of the
environment. In this alarming situation, you should
develop a sense of urgency in the way you treat your
environment: respect the integrity of creation by
means of using all environment resources properly
and prudently.
PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN
A. Concern for the Environment
✔ Nature is God’s grace to you that’s why you should take care of
it so that you will have clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, clean
ocean to launch adventures and above all, a life that’s healthy and a
future worthy to be shared to the next generation. These are the
values embedded in the preamble of 1987 Philippine Constitution;
this module clearly explained the meaning of the values and
responsibilities we have to do to be good citizens of the Philippines.

✔ Remember, this value is innately given to us by God. We should

know how to use it properly taking into consideration not only our
welfare, but also that of others for the betterment of our country.
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