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ISO
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The ISO metric screw threads are the world-wide most nal (female) thread (e.g., in a nut), the major and minor
PDF, TXT or used
commonly readtype online fromscrew
of general-purpose Scribd
thread. [1]
diameters are minimum dimensions, therefore the thread
They were one of the first international standards agreed profile must end flat at D ᵢ but may be rounded out be-
when the International Organization for Standardization yond D ₐ.

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was set up in 1947.
The minor diameter Dᵢ and effective pitch diameter D
The “M” designation for metric screws indicates the nom- are derived from the major diameter and pitch as
inal outer diameter of the screw, in millimeters (e.g., an
M6 screw has a nominal outer diameter of 6 millimeters). √
5
Dmin = D maj − 2 ×
8
× H = D maj − 5 8 3 × P ≈ Dmaj − 1.082532 ×
1 Basic profile
√
3 3 3
Dp = D maj − 2 × × H = D maj − × P ≈ Dmaj − 0.649519 ×
8 8
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INTERNAL THREAD
2 Designation
H/8


60° 3H/8 A metric ISO screw thread is designated by the letter M
P/4
H followed by the value of the nominal diameter D (Dₐ in
30° 5H/8
P/2 the diagram above) and the pitch P, both expressed in mil-
Dmaj
limetres and separated by the multiplication sign, × (e.g.,
H/4
Dp M8×1.25). If the pitch is the normally used “coarse”
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EXTERNAL THREAD

Dmin P
pitch listed in ISO 261 or ISO 262, it can be omitted (e.g.,
M8). Tolerance classes defined in ISO 965-1 can be ap-
90°

AXIS OF SCREW THREAD

pended to these designations, if required (e.g., M500– 6g
in external threads). If, for instance, only M20 is given
then it is coarse pitch thread. External threads are des-
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Basic profile of all ISO metric screw threads
ignated by lowercase letter, g or h. Internal threads are
designated by upper case letters, G or H.
The design principles of ISO general-purpose metric
screw threads (“M” series threads) are defined in interna-
tional standard ISO 68-1.[2] Each thread is characterized
by its major diameter, D ( Dₐ in the diagram), and its 3 Preferred sizes
pitch, P. ISO metric threads consist of a symmetric V-
shaped thread. In the plane of the thread axis, the flanks ISO 261 specifies a detailed list of preferred combina-
of the V have an angle of 60° to each other. The thread tions of outer diameter D and pitch P for ISO metric
depth is 0.614 × pitch. The outermost 1 ⁄8 and the inner- screw threads.[4]
most 1 ⁄4 of the height H of the V-shape are cut off from
ISO 262 specifies a shorter list of thread dimensions – a
the profile.
subset of ISO 261.[5]
Is thisThecontent inappropriate?
relationship between Report
the height, H , and the pitch, P , this Document
The “coarse” pitch is the commonly used default pitch
is described by the following equation: [3]
 for a given diameter. In addition, one or two smaller
3 “fine” pitches are defined, for use in applications where
H = 2 × P = cos (30 ) × P ≈ 0.866 × P
◦
the height of the normal “coarse” pitch would be un-
or
suitable (e.g., threads in thin-walled pipes). The terms
P = 23 H
× H = cos(30 ) ≈ 1.155 × H ◦ “coarse” and “fine” have (in this context) no relation to
the manufacturing quality of the thread.
In an external (male) thread (e.g., on a bolt), the major
diameter D ₐ and the minor diameter D ᵢ define max- In addition to coarse and fine threads, there is another
imum dimensions of the thread. This means that the ex- division of extra fine, or “superfine” threads, with a very
ternal thread must end flat at Dₐ, but can be rounded out fine pitch thread. Superfine pitch metric threads are occa-
below the minor diameter D ᵢ. Conversely, in an inter- sionally used in automotive components, such as suspen-

2 7 REFERENCES

sion struts, and are commonly used in the aviation manu- • British Association screw threads (BA)
facturing industry. This is because extra fine threads are
more resistant to coming loose from vibrations.[6] • British Standard Cycle (BSC)
• British standard fine thread (BSF)
4 Hex head widths • British standard pipe thread (BSP)
Hex head widths (width across flats, wrench size) for DIN • British Standard Whitworth (BSW) – a British
934 hex nuts and hex head bolts. Other (usually smaller) thread standard with 55° profile.
sizes may occur for reasons of weight or cost reduction. • Buttress thread
• Photographic Filter thread
5 Standards
• Garden hose thread
5.1 International • List of drill and tap sizes
• ISO 68-1: ISO general purpose screw threads — Ba- • National pipe thread (NPT)
sic profile — Metric screw threads.
• National thread
• ISO 261: ISO general purpose metric screw threads
— General plan. • Panzergewinde
• ISO 262: ISO general purpose metric screw threads • Screw thread
— Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts.
• Square thread form
• ISO 965: ISO general purpose metric screw threads
— Tolerances[7] • Thread angle
• ISO 965-1: Principles and basic data • Trapezoidal thread forms
• ISO 965-2: Limits of sizes for general purpose • United States Standard thread
external and internal screw threads.
• ISO 965-3: Deviations for constructional • Unified Thread Standard (UTS, UNC, UNF, UNEF
screw threads and UNS) – a US/Canadian/British thread standard
that uses the same 60° profile as metric threads, but
• ISO 965-4: Limits of sizes for hot-dip galva- an inch-based set of diameter/pitch combinations.
nized external screw threads to mate with in-
ternal screw threads tapped with tolerance po-
sition H or G after galvanizing
• ISO 965-5: Limits of sizes for internal screw 7 References
threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized exter-
nal screw threads with maximum size of toler- [1] ISO/TC/ 1 Business Plan, 2007-03-05, Version 1.3. Table
3: The market share of each screw thread, p. 7.
ance position h before galvanizing
[2] ISO 68-1:1998 ISO general purpose screw threads – Basic
profile – Part 1: Metric screw threads. International Orga-
5.2 National nization for Standardization.

• BS 3643: ISO metric screw threads [3] Oberg et al. 2000, p. 1706.

• ANSI/ASME B1.13M: Metric Screw Threads: M [4] ISO 261:1998 ISO general purpose metric screw threads –
Profile General plan. International Organization for Standardiza-
tion. 17 Dec 1998.
• DIN 13-1
[5] ISO 262:1998 ISO general purpose metric screw threads –
Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts . International Or-
ganization for Standardization. 17 Dec 1998.
6 See also
[6] http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/
• ASTM A325M 19950018571.pdf

• ASTM F568M [7] ISO 965 in the Catalogue on the Official ISO website

7.1 Bibliography

• Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook

L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (2000), Machinery’s Handbook
(26th ed.), New York: Industrial Press Inc., ISBN
0-8311-2635-3.

8 External links

• Metric screw thread dimensions and tolerances

• Metric coarse thread dimensions
• Metric fine thread dimensions
• Detailed metric thread dimensions

4 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1 Text
• ISO metric screw thread Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread?oldid=722371932 Contributors: Egil, Gutza,
Timpo, Markus Kuhn, Rjo, Hooperbloob, Snowolf, Velella, CPES, FreplySpang, Mathrick, Lmatt, Alvin-cs, Srleffler, Ospalh, Syrthiss,
Closedmouth, TrygveFlathen, SmackBot, Christhe speller, Utsutsu, Hgrosser, JzG, IronGargoyle, Peter Horn, Wizard191, Cornlad, Quibik,
Alaibot, Oxonhutch, Wainson, Magioladitis, Thomas.Hedden, Catslash, Fredrosse, Pcrawford, VolkovBot, Error9312, Lradrama, Win-
TakeAll, Inductiveload, Andy Dingley, Martk, Smstone, SvNH, Steven Crossin, Mygerardromance, Yodtao, Anon lynx, MystBot, Addbot,
MrOllie, Luckas-bot, Structuren, AnomieBOT, Efa, FrescoBot, Dbucsa, Alan.poindexter, Paal.foyn, ZéroBot, Jipersson, Shmilyshy, Clue-
Bot NG, CocuBot, GKFX, Td47, Heptode, Peter Horn.2 and Anonymous: 68

9.2 Images
• File:ISO_and_UTS_Thread_Dimensions.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/ISO_and_UTS_
Thread_Dimensions.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Self-made, Inkscape Original artist: Inductiveload
• File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:
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9.3 Content license

• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0