Flowtite – Comparison by Product Properties

Parameters Flowtite Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally Pre-stressed

GRP DIP Casted Concrete Cylinder
Pipe(CCP) Pipe (PCCP)
Most usual •300mm – 3000mm 80mm – 1600mm •450mm – 2600mm •Lined-Cylinder Pipe
Diameters •Tailormade custom •Internal Diameter (LCP) 400mm – 1500mm
diameters available greater than nominal, •Embedded-Cylinder Pipe
result, increased flow (ECP) 600mm – 3600mm
capacity

OD/ID - •DN 300 – 2400 +1.0:- •Controlled OD over •DN 300 – 2400 +1.7:- •Controlled OD over
Flexibility 1.0mm entire length 1.7mm entire length
•Variable OD/ID within •Only ID flexible
tolerances over the entire
length

Most usual •6 +12+18m Standard •5.7 up to 6.1m •Maximum length 6 •4.90 up to 6.10 meter
Lengths Lengths Standard Laying meter laying lengths
•Custom Lengths lengths → more joints •Little precision in → more joints to
available up to 20 meters to assemble length → more joints to assemble
→ Fewer Joints reduce assemble
installation time.

Weight •Lightweight •5 times heavier than •Heavier than Flowtite •15 times heavier than
•25% Weight of DIP Flowtite Flowtite
•10% Weight of PCCP. →
Lightweight means
installation benefit for
contractors

Standard •Every piece of pipe •Each piece of pipe •Only pressure pipe •Completed Pipe not
Procedure hydrotested in plant to hydrotested to a hydrotested in plant to Tested. Steel Cylinder is
in • 2.0 x PN (Pressure minimum of 3.447kPa 2.0 x PN (Pressure leak tested to a
Quality Class) Class) predetermined stress in
Control •Gravity Sewer Pipe & •Gravity Sewer Pipe the range of 20,000 –
Pressure Pipe Tested not hydro-tested 25,000 psi. This equates
to a maximum test
pressure from 18 psi (144
inch pipe) to 166 psi (16
inch pipe) for 16 gauge
cylinders.

Pressure •Standard Pressure •Standard Pressure •Standard Pressure •No pressure class
Classes to match DIP Classes up to 350psi Classes to Match DIP specified. Pipe designed
industry •Higher pressure industry on a project to project
•Pressure capabilities up capabilities advertised basis.
to 32 Bar

Hydraulics •Smooth Interior •Semi-Smooth Interior •Smooth Interior •Semi-Smooth Interior

•Hazen-Williams Flow •Hazen-Williams Flow •Hazen-Williams Flow •Hazen-Williams Flow
Co-efficient C=150 Co-efficient C=140 Co-efficient C=155 Co-efficient C=140
•Manning's Flow Co- •Manning's Flow Co-
efficient "n"=0.0090 efficient "n"=0.0090

Surge & •Maximum Pressure 1.4 x •Standard surge •Maximum Pressure •Maximum Pressure 1.4 x
Water PN (Pressure Class) allowance is 1.4 x PN 1.4 x PN (Pressure PN (Pressure Class)
Hammer (Pressure Class) Class)
Parameters Flowtite Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally Pre-stressed
GRP DIP Cast Pipe(CCP) Concrete Cylinder
Pipe (PCCP)
Stiffness •Four Standard Stiffness •No Stiffness •Four Standard •No stiffness classes
Classes Classifications Stiffness Classes specified. Pipe designed
•SN 20000 Possible (144 •Product has Variable •Jacking Pipe with on a project to project
psi) Stiffness determined by SN350000 possible basis. → more versatile in
pipe diameter and wall jacking or tunneling
thickness applications

Longitu- •Higher axial strain to •Chop glass limits axial

dinal failure, incorporate axial strength range.
Bending tape for strength
→ Advantage in
aboveground

Impact •Good impact absorbtion •Impact sensitive, •Impact sensitive, •Pipe design allows for
Resistance due to reinforced surface cracks can develop in cracks can develop in the concrete core and
liner liner with outside liner with outside mortar coating to possibly
impact impact at low crack due to impact.
•Industry claims crazes temperatures •Potentially exposes iron
& cracks in liner heal to corrosion
due to swelling and
hydration from water

Abrasion •Excellent Abrasion •Claims Excellent

Resistance Resistance Abrasion Resistance
•Independent Testing •No reference to
available (Darmstadt independent testing.
University)

Tempera- •Maximum temperature •Cement lining rated to •Elevated

ture 70˚C in Non-Corrosive 100˚C temperatures effect
Environment •Cement lining with pipe performance
•Elevated temperatures - asphaltic seal coat
35˚C effect pipe rated to 66˚ C
performance

UV •UV Resistance good, no •Unknown •Hot weather or sun •Unknown

Resistance evidence of long term •Suspect UV will heating may reduce the •Suspect UV will damage
/ degradation damage exterior pipe capabilities exterior coatings – may
Weathering coatings – may be be maintenance concern
maintenance concern
Parameters Flowtite Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally Pre-stressed
GRP DIP Casted Concrete Cylinder
Pipe(CCP) Pipe (PCCP)
Chemical •Excellent with ECR •Galvanic and •Reduced with filled •Galvanic and electrolytic
Resistance glass and only sand in electrolytic corrosion (calcium carbonate), corrosion requires
structure, inner layer 1.2 requires coatings, PE resin rich very thick coatings, PE sleeves and
mm sleeves and sometimes liner – 2.5 mm sometimes cathodic
•Reinforced interior liner cathodic protection. •Non-reinforced interior protection.
•Standard pipe resin •Internal corrosion liner •Internal corrosion
systems as well as vinyl (tuberculation, rust) •Standard pipe resin (tuberculation, rust)
ester resin systems without CML lining systems as well as vinyl without CML lining
available •Requires Fusion ester resin systems
Bonded Epoxy, available
Polyethylene Fusion
Bonded Lining, or
Protecto 401 (Ceramic
Epoxy Lining) for
protection in sewer
applications
•Holiday Testing
required for linings
•Industry claims
alkaline environment
near cement mortar
lining pacifies water
rendering it non-
corrosive.

Chemical •Maximum temperature •Polyethylene Fusion •Maximum temperature

Resistance/ 35˚C Design parameters Bonded Lining rated to 82˚C with Vinyl Ester
Tempera- provided by Flowtite in 150˚ Resin Liner
ture literature

Joint •Coupling can be factory •Multiple joint systems •Coupling normal •Four joint designs
System or field mounted on pipe available (Push-on mounted only at the available
•REKA System better for Joint, Mechanical, factory •Recommended that
pressure applications Flange, Ball Joint) •High pressure grout be applied to joint
•Lay-up joints possible. •Multiple coupling performance limited. after installation.
•Various other joining systems available •Some coupling
methods: GRP Flanges, •Multiple restrained systems available
Flexible Steel Couplings, joint configurations •Lay-up joints possible
Mechanical Steel (Retainer Glands, •Sliplining /
Couplings Mega lugs, etc…) Microtunneling joint
•Sliplining Joint in •Microtunneling / readily available
development stages Directional Drilling
capable joint
•Spigots
interchangeable
between manufacturers
•Push Joint Bells
Manufacturer specific
Parameters Flowtite Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally Pre-stressed
GRP DIP Casted Concrete Cylinder
Pipe(CCP) Pipe (PCCP)
Joint • Per ASTM D4161 • Per AWWA C151 • Per ASTM D4161 • Standard joint typically
Angular • Push-on joints less than 1˚
Deflection deflection capabilities: • Deep joint typically
4" -30" – 5˚ 2˚ - 3˚
36" – 4˚
•42" – 64" – 3˚

Restrained •Restrained joint system •Restrained joint •Restrained joint •Snap Ring restrained
Joints available system readily available system currently joint available thru
•Thrust block restraints 300mm – 1200mm unavailable 1.500mm
can be avoided in •Thrust Block restraints •Thrust block restraints •Welded restrained joint
pressure applications required for pressure required in pressure available
application 1200mm applications •Thrust Block restraints
and larger required for pressure
application 1.500mm and
larger

Fittings •Design and •DIP fittings readily •Limited to 10 bar •Fittings custom made to
Manufacturing capability available in the U.S. Stainless Steel for project specifications
up to 32 bar •All manufacturers higher pressures •Not compatible with DIP
•Dimensionally produce fittings with •Tends to outsource Fittings
compatible with DIP pipe fittings
Fittings •Claims DIP Fitting
compatible
•Lack restrained joint

Costs • 40-50% savings on •High life cycle •Advantage vs. •Higher product cost than
operation costs compared costs with pre- Flowtite small Flowtite, & DIP
to DIP installation , diameters •High transportation costs
• Installation costs external PE due weight factors.
DN1000 = 11 US$/m sleeves,
high pumping
costs
•Installation costs
DN1000 = 39 US$/m
Flowtite – Comparison by Installation Practise

Parameters Flowtite Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally Pre-stressed

GRP DIP Casted Concrete Cylinder
Pipe(CCP) Pipe (PCCP)
Bedding •Crushed rock typically •Sand and native soils •Crushed rock typically •Sand and native soils
used. typically used. used. typically used.
•Sand and native soils •Sand and native soils
can be utilized. can be utilized.

Trench •Three trench types •Five typical trench •Four pipe embedment •Five rigid pipe trench
Types utilized based on designs utilized based designs provided. types, R1-R5 considered
specified laying on specified laying in design. Based on
conditions. conditions. AWWA manual M-9
•Type 1 (Full •Two types generally
Embedment) generally recommended:
recommended Type 1 (Flat bottom,
•Installation loose backfill)
recommendations based Type 2 (Flat bottom,
on AWWA Manual M-45 backfill lightly
consolidated to
centerline of pipe)

Cutting & •Tapping less easy due to •Cutting & Tapping on •Cutting & Tapping on •Requires special tools
Tapping rougher OD site not difficult than site not difficult and tapping saddles
•Standard tapping Flowtite, CCP, and •Tapping saddles kept in
sleeves may need PCCP stock by pipe
experience •Practice well accepted manufacturer
in the water industry. •All metal parts of saddles
must be encased in
concrete or mortar

Repair •Field representative •Repair products •Field representative

Procedures available to facilitate commonly available available to facilitate
repairs repairs
•REKA Coupling System •Repair Saddles available
can be used to repair pipe from pipe manufacturers
sections. up to 48"
•All metal parts of saddles
must be encased in
concrete or mortar
•Pipe can be repaired by
welding
Flowtite – Comparison by Special Application

Parameters Flowtite Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally Pre-stressed

GRP DIP Casted Concrete Cylinder
Pipe(CCP) Pipe (PCCP)
Above- •Higher Long Term •Industry recommends •Sags with time, high •Refers to AWWA Manual
ground Bending modulus, less MJ and or restrained longitudinal creep M-9 for installation
sag or wider support joints guidance
spacing

Sub- •Long lengths with marine •Industry recommends •Refers to AWWA Manual
aqueous harness MJ and or restrained M-9 for installation
joints guidance

Sliplining •ID & OD Flexible in •Only ID Flexible

defined range for sliplining

Micro- •Not Applicable •Requires over-boring •High stiffness pipe

tunneling of shaft. capability
•Can be pulled if
restrained joints utilized

Potable •Approvals for DN 300 •NSF Approval •Limited approvals and •NSF Approval achieved
Water and above Worldwide achieved only with interior epoxy
•NSF Approval for AFIL liner.
•NSF Approval
achieved with interior
epoxy liner.