ELECTRIC MOTOR PARTS

ACTIVITIES TO CARRY OUT

1. TITLE: RECOGNITION OF THE PARTS OF A SINGLE PHASE MOTOR
2. SPECIFIC CAPACITY.
• Explain the operation of single-phase current motors.
• Carry out series and shunt connection of direct current electric motors with direction of rotation
reversal.
3. CHOOSE THE ENGINE ON WHICH TO WORK
4. RECAPITULATION
Answer the questions and ask 3 more with their respective answers.

Motor starting capacitor and running capacitor. This engine is the one with the best characteristics
among the fractional type engines.
The starting capacitor allows you to develop better starting torque in the motor while the run capacitor
allows you to improve performance. The figure shows the schematic representation for this type of
motor, as can be seen the starting capacitor is disconnected from the motor by means of the centrifugal
switch once a speed of approximately 75% of the synchronous speed is reached. This capacitor is
electrolytic type while the run capacitor is oil type for alternating current and continuous operation.
Motor by starting capacitor.
This motor includes a capacitor connected in series with the auxiliary or starting winding. This
capacitor improves the starting characteristic of the motor and is disconnected by the centrifugal
switch when the motor reaches approximately 75% of its synchronous speed.
After that time the motor remains connected only to the work winding. This type of motor is
recommended for use when starting torque requirements are four to five times the specified torque.
The capacitor used in this motor is of the electrolytic type.

Permanent split phase motor.

This motor is also known as a permanent split capacitor motor, it is a less expensive version of the
capacitor start and run capacitor motor.
In this case, the capacitor serves to provide the starting of the motor and at the same time for its
operation under load. Because both windings must remain connected, a centrifugal switch is not
required in this motor. Another characteristic of this motor is that both windings have the same
conductor size since the motor current will be shared in them. It is recommended to use them when
it is required to drive loads with minimum starting torque. In the figure you can see the schematic
representation of this engine.
Shaded pole motor.
This motor is the one that has the worst characteristics of the single-phase alternating current motors.
It owes its name to the fact that the auxiliary winding of this motor forms a copper ring that is placed
on its protruding poles. These rings allow establishing the rotating field necessary for its operation.
In the figure you can see the representative diagram for this motor and its speed-torque characteristic
curve, where you can see how its starting torque is very limited compared to the motors previously
described.

The starting torque of a shaded pole motor is very small and therefore it is used only to drive small
fans, clocks, electrics, hair dryers and other similar applications, generally its capacities are below 40
watts (0.05 )

QUESTIONNAIRE.
- What is the value of the capacitors that single-phase motors have?
- How is the capacitor testing carried out on single-phase motors?