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Bs Tan( B )
→ Strain in the material
Br Bc Bs k
Bc Bs Tan( )
L Cos( )
k
Br Tan( )
L Cos( )
k
Br Cos( ) Sin( )
L
Example of a calculation
Sample: Annealed Al
Radiation: Cu k ( = 1.54 Å)
Intensity →
Sample: Cold-worked Al
2 → Radiation: Cu k ( = 1.54 Å)
40 60 Intensity →
2 →
40
X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach, C. Suryanarayana & M. Grant Norton, Plenum Press, New York (1998) 60
Annealed Al
Cold-worked Al
http://prism.mit.edu/xray
FWHM Crystallite
plane
(º) size
101*
001 0.9184 9.194
* 101 0.081 12.719
001 Mg(OH)2
102 0.924 13.635
102
* 110
* 110 0.385 41.603
*
* * *
پارامترهای دستگاهی
10000
9000
8000
98.25 (400)
7000
6000
Counts
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
95 95.5 96 96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 102
2 Theta
B = (98.3 - 98.2)*π/180 =
0.00174 (rad)
𝜟θ=2 , 𝜟sinθ=0.55%
مشتق گیری
2 𝜟d sinθ + 2d cosθ 𝜟θ = 0
𝜟d/d=-cot θ 𝜟θ
𝜟a/a=𝜟d/d=-cot θ 𝜟θ
35 37 39
2θ °
2θ, ° d (Å) ao (Å)
1450 °C 36.945 2.43106 8.0629
LA-XRD •
Grazing XRD •
SAXS •