Happy Diwali Practice Paper

HAPPY DIWALI (TOUGH PRACTICE PAPER ON FLUID MECHANICS)
PHYSICS MAX.MARKS: 66
SECTION – 1 (Maximum Marks: 18)
(SINGLE ANSWER TYPE)
This section contains SIX (06) questions.
Each question has FOUR options for correct answer(s). ONLY ONE of these four option is the correct answer.For each
question, choose the correct option corresponding to the correct answer.
Answer to each question will be evaluated according to the following marking scheme:
Full Marks : +3 If only the correct option is chosen.
Zero Marks: 0 If none of the option is chosen.(i.e the question is un answered)
Negative Marks: -1 In all other cases.
1. There is water in container with centre of mass initially at C. Now a small wooden piece is placed
towards right as shown in the figure. After putting the wooden piece:
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(A) Pressure at base remains same and centre of mass of water and wooden piece will be to the
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right of line OC.
(B) Pressure at base remains same and centre of mass of water wooden piece will be on line OC.
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(C) Pressure at base changes and centre of mass of water and wooden piece will be to the right of
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line OC.
(D) Pressure at base changes and centre of mass of water and wooden piece will be on line OC.
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2. A man in a boat on a pond of area A has with him blocks of stone and timber, the former more
dense, the latter less dense, than water. What happens to the level of the water in the pond if he
throws overboard (a) the stone, (b) the timber, and (c) the two tied together, which then sink to the
bottom of the pond?
(A) Water level rise in all the three cases
(B) Water level falls in all the three cases
(C) Water level remains unchanged in case (b) and falls in cases (a) and (c)
(D) Water level remains unchanged in cases (b) and (c) and falls in case (a)
https://www.youtube.com/@ambarishphysics https://www.youtube.com/@thephysicsshelter
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6. The three water filled tanks shown have the same volume and height. If small identical holes are
punched near the bottom, which one will be the first to get empty. [The tanks are open at the top]
(A) (i) (B) (ii)
(C) (iii) (D) All will take same time
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SECTION - 2 (Maximum Marks : 24)
(ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER TYPE)
This section contains SIX (06) questions.
Each question has FOUR options for correct answer(s). ONE OR MORE THAN ONE of these four option(s) is
(are) correct option(s).
For each question, choose the correct option(s) to answer the question.
Full Marks : +4 If only (all) the correct option(s) is (are) chosen.
Partial Marks: +3 If all the four options are correct but ONLY three options are chosen.
Partial Marks: +2 If three or more options are correct but ONLY two options are chosen, both of which
are correct options.
Partial Marks : +1 If two or more options are correct but ONLY one option is chosen and it is a correct
option.
Zero Marks : 0 If none of the options is chosen (i.e. the question is unanswered).
Negative Marks: -2 In all other cases.
7. A rectangular hole of dimensions a  b is cut in horizontal bottom of large vessel. To close the
hole, a cuboidal block of dimensions b  c  c is put on it in such a way that the square faces and a
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diagonal plane remain vertical as shown in the figure. Now a liquid of density  is slowly poured
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in the vessel. H
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(A) As the level of water in the container increases the normal reaction on the block keeps on
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decreasing monotonically
(B) As the level of water in the container increases the normal reaction on the block keeps on
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increasing monotonically
(C) As the level of water in the container increases and the block is sufficiently heavy so as to not
lift off, normal reaction on the block first decreases and then increases after passing through a
minimum
(D) If the block is sufficiently heavy, the least normal reaction on the block occurs when the water
level reaches line AB.
(Ignore friction between the hole wall and the block)
8. To make a candle float stably in water in vertical orientation an aluminum cylinder of radius equal to
that of the candle is glued at bottom of the candle. Now choose the correct option:
(A) As the candle burns, the height of the wick above water surface will increase with time
(B) A the candle burns, the height of the wick above the water surface will decrease with time
(C) As the candle burns the depth of Aluminum cylinder below the water surface will increase with
time
(D) As the candle burns the depth of Aluminum cylinder below the water surface will decrease with
time.
(Assume the candle remains vertical throughout the process)
9. Tomato soup is prepared in a hemispherical copper bowl of diameter 60 cm. The bowl is placed into
the water of a lake to cool down and floats with 15 cm of its depth immersed. Now, a point on the
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rim of the bowl is very slowly pulled upwards through a distance of 15 cm by a massless chain
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fastened to it. It may be assumed that the tomato soup is denser than water.
During this process:

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(A) Some soup may flow from Bowl in to the lake
(B) Some water may flow from lake in to the Bowl
(C) Soup will not flow in to the lake
(D) Water will not flow in to the Bowl
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12. A tanker full of liquid is parked at rest on a horizontal road. The brake has not been applied, and it
may be supposed that the tanker can move without friction.
Now a tap at a vertical outlet at the rear of the tank is opened. (see figure) Then
(A) Initially the tank will move rightwards
(B) The tank will move rightwards throughout the emptying of the liquid.
(C) The tank will reverse the direction of motion atleast once during the emptying process
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(D) During emptying process, normal reaction on the tank from the ground will be less than the sum
of its weight and the weight of its water content.
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SECTION - 3 (Maximum Marks : 24)
(NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE)
This section contains SIX (06) questions. The answer to each question is a NUMERICAL VALUE
For each question, enter the correct numerical value of the answer using the mouse and the on-screen virtual
numeric keypad in the place designated to enter answer. If the numerical value has more than two decimal
places truncate/round- off the value to TWO decimal places.
Full Marks: +4 If ONLY the correct numerical value is entered as answer.
Zero Marks: 0 In all other cases.
13. A straight rainwater channel that runs alongside a high solid brick wall, has a rectangular cross –
section of depth c and width d. The normal height of water in the channel is c or less, but, when
exceptionally heavy rains are expected, a triangular concrete storm barrier is installed on one edge,
as shown in the figure.
The height b of the barrier is chosen to be just greater than the maximum expected flood depth; its
base length a is chosen so that the barrier may neither slip nor begin to topple. The density of water
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3 3 10a
is 1000kg / m and that of concrete is 2400kg / m find minimum permissible value of if
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b
coefficient of friction,   0.7 .
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14. The arm of the sprinkler in Fig. rotates at a constant rate of   100rev / min . This motion is
caused by water that enters the base at 3 liter/s and exits each of the two 20 – mm – diameter
nozzles. Determine the frictional torque on the shaft of the arm that keeps the rate of rotation
constant.
Density of water = w  1000kg / m3 , length of arm   0.6m .
Assume water to be ideal fluid. Nozzles discharge water at 90º with respect to radial arms.
Report your answer in units of Nm.
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15. SI
An aeroplane is flying at an altitude of 6km where the atmospheric pressure is 47.2 kPa and density
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of air is 0.6601kg / m . A pitot tube attached to aeroplane reads an absolute pressure of 49.6k Pa.
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Find the speed of aeroplane in ms 1 .

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16. The siphon in Fig. is used to draw water from the large open tank. If the absolute vapor pressure for
the water is p   1.23k Pa , determine the shortest drop length L (See figure) of the 50 – mm –
diameter tube that will cause cavitation in the tube.
Cavitation occurs due to vaporization of water which happens when absolute pressure becomes
equal to vapour pressure. (Report your answer in meters)
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Given atmospheric pressure = 101.3 k Pa, w  1000kg / m3
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(Take g  10m / s )
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17. A cylinder of height H is filled with water to a height h 0 (h 0  H) , & is placed on a horizontal floor.
Two small holes are punched at time t = 0 on the vertical line along the length of the cylinder, one at
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a height h1 from the bottom & the other a depth h 2 below the level of water in the cylinder. Find
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the relation between h1 & h 2 such that the instantaneous water jets emerging from the cylinder from
the two holes will hit the ground at the same point.
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Now report the value of h1 / h 2 .
18. A conical vessel without a bottom stands on a table. A liquid is poured in the vessel & as soon as the
level reaches h, the pressure of the liquid raises the vessel. The radius of the base of the vessel is R
and half angle of the cone is  and the weight of the vessel is W. What is the density of the liquid?
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Evaluate your answer in kg / m for

W  1000N, h  0.3m,   ,g  10m / s 2 , R  2.1m
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FLUIDS PRACTICE PAPER (KEY AND SOLUTIONS)
KEY
PHYSICS
1 D 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 D
6 A 7 CD 8 BD 9 CD 10 BC
5.8 to 1.43 to
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11 ABCD 12 ACD 13 14 15 83 to 88
6.2 1.51
16
9.6 to
9.8
17 1 18
172 to
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SOLUTIONS
PHYSICS
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1. Weight of cube is exactly equal to weight of displaced liquid.

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2. Compare the changes in displaced water volumes before and after the events.
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1 2 Mg 2Mg 2  50  10
3. v  gh   v  2gh   2  10  6   120  1  121  11m / s
2 A A 103  1
5. Conceptual
6. In A there is more water in top portion which is drained at a faster rate also (Torricelli’s)
7. At first the pressure forces are pushing the block upwards but after some height (level AB) the
resultant of pressure forces will start acting downwards. As water level increase above AB, The area
on which incremental pressure acts downwards becomes more than the area on which incremental
pressure acts upwards.
8. The density of wax is less than that of water. For same volume of wax burnt, the change in displaced
volume of water is less than the volume of burnt wax.
9. Assume first that the centre of mass of the bowl remains at the same height as originally. Then the
bowl only turns about its centre (and perhaps moves sideways) but does not sink any deeper into the
water. Under these circumstances, the rim of the bowl is lowered to the water surface on the side
opposite the chain, and water flows into the bowl. We will now prove that this assumption is
incorrect.
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[Note that our assumption means that bowl has simply rotated about the centre of curvature so if the
right edge goes down by 15 cm the left edge simply goes up by 15cm]
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The upthrust acting on the body in the assumed situation remains the same as in the initial
one, i.e. it equals the total weight of the bowl and soup. Thus, the chain cannot be exerting any force
on the bowl. On the other hand, the centre of mass of the bowl is not the line of action of the upthrust
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when the edge of the bowl is being raised, and the torques can only be balanced if the chain does
exert a force and pulls the bowl upwards.
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The two contradictory conditions show that our initial assumption was wrong. The
geometrical centre of the bowl cannot stay in the same place but has to rise (since a smaller upthrust
is sufficient when the chain exerts an upward force). This implies that even the lowest point of the
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rim of the bowl has to remain above the surface of the water.
The possibility of the soup flowing out into the water has also to be considered. This could
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occur if the level of the soup in the bowl were higher than the water level in the lake, i.e. if the
density of the soup were lower than that of water. Realistically this would not be the case.
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10. Let x denote the ratio of the actual water level to the level at the top of the basin; the same number
shows the ratio of the current volume of water to the maximum possible volume.
During filling x increases uniformly with time and since it reaches the value x = 1 in time Tl ,
 dx  1
  
 dt in T1
When water flows out, the speed of efflux – and therefore the rate of decreases of x – is proportional
to the square root of the height of the column of water, i.e. to the square root of x,
 dx 
   K x ….(1)
 dt out
The coefficient of proportionality has to be chosen so that x just decreases from 1 to 0 in time T2 .
Since the equation for the efflux is the same form as the relation between the speed and the
displacement for uniform acceleration,   2ax , it can be concluded that the liquid level decreases
to zero at a uniformly changing speed. The initial rate of decrease is K, the final rate is zero;
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therefore the average rate of decrease of x equals K/2. This deceleration can be expressed in terms of
the total time : K/2 = 1 / T2 . The same conclusion can be reached by integrating the differential
equation (1) and applying the initial and final conditions.
When both the tap and the plug – hole are open, the net rate of change caused by the water
flowing both in and out is
dx  dx   dx  1 2
      x.
dt  dt in  dt out T1 T2
In a state of equilibrium, the water level does not change. The condition for this is
2
T 
x  xe   2 
 2T1 
For example, if the basin fills up in the same time as it empties, (T1  T2 ) then the stationary state
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obtained by opening the tap and the plug – hole together corresponds to x  , regardless of the
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1
initial conditions. With the data given in the problem, this ratio is . It can also be seen that
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overflow can only be a danger if it takes more than twice as long to empty the basin, as to fill it
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(T2  2T1 ) .
11. For no spilling empty space is conserved thus:

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1 2h
R 2 h / 3  R 2 y  y 
2 3
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2 2 2 2
x R 2h
Also y  , i.e. 
2g 2g 3
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4gh 1 g 3a 2
 , Rc   
3r 2 y '' 2 4h
2a 2 2gh
To touch the bottom, h
2g a2
2 1 1
At this spilled fraction:  
3 2 6
(But this is fractional volume of the vessel, and water is 2/3 of vessel volume so fraction of water spilled
is 1/4)
12. For conservation of linear momentum, liquid inside the tank is initially moving leftwards, causing,
tank to move rightwards.
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13. Measuring all vertical heights y upwards from the level OA, and denoting the density of rain water
by 0 , the hydrostatic pressure p is given by p(y)  0 g(b  y) , and the total horizontal force
tending to push the barrier sideways is
b b
1 1
F   p(y)dy   0g(b  y)dy  0g(b 2  b 2 )  0gb 2 .
0 0
2 2
1
Since the mass of the barrier isab , condition (a) is met provided
2
1 1 a 
 abg  b 20g, .e.  0 .
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2 2 b 
The (clockwise) couple produced by a depth dy of the water, which tends to tip the barrier over, is
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p(y) y dy and the couple is therefore.
b
1 3 1  1
 0g(b  y)y dy  0g  2 b  b3   0gb3
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0
3  6
The couple opposing such tilting is due to the weight of the barrier, and since the centre of mass of a
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triangle is one – third of its of its height (a in this case)

1 2 1
Above its base, this restoring couple has magnitude abg  a  a 2 bg . Thus
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2 3 3
2
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1 2 1 a 
a bg  0gb3 i.e, 2  0
3 6 b 2
The density of concrete is given as, 2, 400kgm 3 , and that of (rain) water is 1.000kgm 3 ; further,
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since   0.7 , the two conditions becomes

a 0
  0.595
b 
a 2 0 a
  0.2083   0.456
b 2 2 b
The first condition is the more stringent, and requires a to be at least 60% of the barrier height. As
might have been anticipated, the values of c and d are irrelevant.
14. Due to symmetry, the discharge through each nozzle is equal to half the flow. Thus, the velocity of
the water passing through each nozzle is
3
 1   3 liter   10 m   2
Q  VA :        Vf /A  (0.01m) 
 2   s   1 liter  
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The rotation of the arms causes each nozzle to have a velocity of
 rev  2 rad   1min 
VA  r  100    (0.3m)  3.141m / s
 min  rev   60 s 
Therefore, the tangential exit velocity of the water from each nozzle through the open control surface
as seen by a fixed observer looking down on the fixed control volume (disk). Fig. is
Vf   VA  Vf /A …(1)
Vf  3.141m / s  4.775m / s  1.633m / s
M  2(0.3m)(1.633m / s)(1000kg / m3 )(4.775m / s)  (0.01m)2 
M  1.47N.m
15. We will assume that the speed of the plane is slow enough so that the air can be considered
incompressible and inviscid – an ideal fluid. Doing so, we can apply the Bernoulli equation, provided
we observe steady flow. This can be realized if we view the motion from the plane. Thus, the air at
A, which is actually at rest, will have the same speed as the plane when observed from the plane,
VA  Vp . The air at B, a stagnation point, will appear to be at rest when observed from the plane,
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VB  0 . For air at an elevation of 6 km, a  0.6601kg / m3 .
Applying the Bernoulli equation at points A and B on the horizontal streamline, we have
p A VA2


2g
p

V2
 zA  B  B  zB
2g SI
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47.2(103 )N / m 2 Vp2 49.6(103 )N / m 2
  0  00
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(0.6601kg / m3 )(9.81m / s 2 ) 2(9.81m / s 2 ) (0.6601 kg / m3 )(9.81m / s 2 )

Vp  85.3m / s
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16. Using standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3kPa, the gage vapour pressure for the water is
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1.23kPa – 101.3kPa = –100.07kPa. To find the shortest drop length L, we will assume this negative
pressure develops at B, where z, measured from the datum, is a maximum. Applying the Bernoulli
equation at points B and C, realizing that
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VB  VC  V , we have
p B VB2 pC VC2
  zB    zC
 w 2g  w 2g
100.07(103 ) V 2 V2
   (L  0.3m)  0  0
9810 N / m3 2g 2g
L  0.3m  10.20m
L  9.90m
18. By force balance assuming zero normal reaction on the vessel,

W

 1 
h 2g tan   R  h tan  
 3 
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HAPPY DIWALI (TOUGH PRACTICE PAPER ON FLUID MECHANICS)

(A) Water level rise in all the three cases

(B) Water level falls in all the three cases

(A) (i) (B) (ii)

(C) (iii) (D) All will take same time

(Ignore friction between the hole wall and the block)

(Assume the candle remains vertical throughout the process)

During this process:

(A) Some soup may flow from Bowl in to the lake

(B) Some water may flow from lake in to the Bowl

(C) Soup will not flow in to the lake

(D) Water will not flow in to the Bowl

(A) Initially the tank will move rightwards

Density of water = w  1000kg / m3 , length of arm   0.6m .

Report your answer in units of Nm.

Find the speed of aeroplane in ms 1 .

Now report the value of h1 / h 2 .

1. Weight of cube is exactly equal to weight of displaced liquid.

11. For no spilling empty space is conserved thus:

triangle is one – third of its of its height (a in this case)

since   0.7 , the two conditions becomes

(0.6601kg / m3 )(9.81m / s 2 ) 2(9.81m / s 2 ) (0.6601 kg / m3 )(9.81m / s 2 )

18. By force balance assuming zero normal reaction on the vessel,

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