ISHAN INTERNATIONAL GIRLS' SCHOOL

CLASS 12

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Write the order and degree of the following differential equations.

2 2
dy  dy  d y
(i)  cos y  0. (ii)    3 2
 4.
dx dx  dx

4 5
d y  d 2y  5
d y
 sin x   2  .  dy 
(iii) (iv)  log   0.
dx
4
 dx  dx
5  dx 

13 32 2
 d 2y 
dy  2
 dy   d y
(v) 1   2 . (vi) 1      k 2
.
dx  dx    dx   dx

2 3
 d 3y   d 2y  dy  dy 
(vii)  3   2  sin x . (viii)  tan   0
 dx   dx  dx  dx 

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2. Write the general solution of following differential equations.

dy 5 2 2
(i)  x  x  . (ii) (ex + e–x) dy = (ex – e–x)dx
dx x

dy 3 x e dy x y
(iii)  x e  x . (iv)  5 .
dx dx

dy 1  cos 2x dy 1  2y
(v)  . (vi)  .
dx 1  cos 2y dx 3x  1

3. Write integrating factor of the following differential equations

dy
(i)  y cos x  sin x
dx

dy 2
(ii)  y sec x  sec x  tan x
dx

2 dy 4 dy
(iii) x  y  x . (iv) x  y log x  x  y
dx dx

dy 3 dy
(v) x  3y  x (vi)  y tan x  sec x
dx dx

dy 1
(vii)  2
y  sin x
dx 1 x

4. Write order of the differential equation of the family of following curves

(i) y = Aex + Bex + c (ii) Ay = Bx2

(iii) (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = 9 (iv) Ax + By2 = Bx2 – Ay

2 2
x y
(v) 2
 2
 0. (vi) y = a cos (x + b)
a b
(vii) y = a + bex+c

2
 1
m sin x
5. (i) Show that y  e is a solution of

2
1  x 2  d y
2
 x
dy
dx
2
 m y  0.
dx

(ii) Show that y = sin(sin x) is a solution of differential equation

2
d y dy 2
2
  tan x   y cos x  0.
dx dx

2 2
B x d y dy
(iii) Show that y  Ax  is a solution of 2
 x  y  0.
x dx dx

(iv) Show that y = a cos (log x) + b sin (log x) is a solution of

2
2 d y dy
x 2
 x  y  0.
dx dx

(v) Verify that y  log x   x 2  a2  satisfies the differential

equation :

a2 d 2y dy
 x2  2
 x  0.
dx dx

(vi) Find the differential equation of the family of curves

y = ex (A cos x + B sin x), where A and B are arbitrary constants.

(vii) Find the differential equation of an ellipse with major and minor
axes 2a and 2b respectively.

(viii) Form the differential equation representing the family of curves

(y – b)2 = 4(x – a).

6. Solve the following differential equations.

dy dy 2
(i)  y cot x  sin 2x . (ii) x  2y  x log x .
dx dx

3
 dx 1 sin x
(iii)  . y  cos x  , x  0.
dy x x

3 dy
(iv) cos x  cos x  sin x .
dx

(v) ydx  x  y  3
 dy  0

(vi) y
ye dx  y  3
 2xe
y
 dy
7. Solve each of the following differential equations :

dy  2 dy 
(i) y  x  2y  .
dx  dx 
(ii) cos y dx + (1 + 2e–x) sin y dy = 0.

2 2
(iii) x 1  y dy  y 1  x dx  0.

(iv) 1  x 2   1 – y
2
 dy  xy dx  0.

(v) (xy2 + x) dx + (yx2 + y) dy = 0; y(0) = 1.

dy 3 3 x
(vi)  y sin x cos x  xy e .
dx
(vii) tan x tan y dx + sec2 x sec2 y dy = 0

8. Solve the following differential equations :

(i) x2 y dx – (x3 + y3) dy = 0.

2 dy 2 2
(ii) x  x  xy  y .
dx

(iii)  x 2  y 2  dx  2xy dy  0, y 1  1.

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  x  x  dy y y
(iv) y sin dx  x sin  y dy . (v)   tan   .
 
y 
 y  dx x x

dy 2xy dy x y 2 y
(vi)  2 2
(vii)  e  x e .
dx x  y dx

2
dy 1– y
(viii)  2
.
dx 1 x

(ix)  3xy  y
2
 dx   x 2  xy  dy  0

9. (i) Form the differential equation of the family of circles touching

y-axis at (0, 0).

(ii) Form the differential equation of family of parabolas having vertex

at (0, 0) and axis along the (i) positive y-axis (ii) positive x-axis.

(iii) Form differential equation of family of circles passing through

origin and whose centre lie on x-axis.

(iv) Form the differential equation of the family of circles in the first
quadrant and touching the coordinate axes.

dy x  2y
10. Show that the differential equation  is homogeneous and
dx x  2y
solve it.

11. Show that the differential equation :

(x2 + 2xy – y2) dx + (y2 + 2xy – x2) dy = 0 is homogeneous and solve it.

12. Solve the following differential equations :

dy
(i)  2y  cos 3x .
dx
dy 2  
(ii) sin x  y cos x  2 sin x cos x if y    1
dx  2

3e tan y dx   1  e  sec2 y dy
x x
(iii)  0

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13. Solve the following differential equations :

(i) (x3 + y3) dx = (x2y + xy2)dy.

2 2
(ii) x dy – y dx  x  y dx .

 y  y
(iii) y  x cos    y sin    dx
 x  x

 y  y
– x  y sin    x cos    dy  0.
 x  x

(iv) x2dy + y(x + y) dx = 0 given that y = 1 when x = 1.

y
x dy
(v) xe  y  x  0 if y(e) = 0
dx

(vi) (x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y)dy.

dy y y
(vii)   cosec    0 given that y  0 when x  1
dx x x

16. Solve the following differential equations :

2 dy
(i) cos x  tan x  y .
dx

dy
(ii) x cos x  y  x sin x  cos x   1.
dx

(iii)
 x x

1  e y dx  e y  1  x  dy  0.
 y 

(iv) (y – sin x) dx + tan x dy = 0, y(0) = 0.

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17. Solve the following differential equations :

y y
(i)  x dy  y dx  y sin     y dx  x dy  x cos  
x x


(ii) 3ex tan y dx + (1 – ex) sec2 y dy = 0 given that y  , when
4
x = 1.

dy
(iii)  y cot x  2x  x 2 cot x given that y(0) = 0.
dx

ANSWERS
1.(i) order = 1, degree = 1 (ii) order = 2, degree = 1

(iii) order = 4, degree = 1 (iv) order = 5, degree is not defined.

(v) order = 2, degree = 2 (vi) order = 2, degree = 2

(vii) order = 3, degree = 2 (viii) order = 1, degree is not defined

6 3
x x y  loge e  e
x x
 c
2.(i) y    2 log x  c (ii)
6 6
4 e 1
x x x
(iii) y  e   c. (iv) 5x + 5 –y = c
4 e 1
(v) 2(y – x) + sin 2y + sin 2x = c. (vi) 2 log |3x + 1| + 3log |1 – 2y| = c.

3.(i) esin x (ii) etan x

 log x 2
(iii) e–1/x (iv) 2
e

1
(v) 3 (vi) sec x
x

7
 1
tan x
(vii) e

4.(i) 1 (ii) 1

(iii) 2 (iv) 1

(v) 1 (vi) 1

(vii) 2

2 2 2
d y dy  dy  d y dy
5.(vi)  2  2y  0 (vii) x  xy = y
dx
2
dx  dx  dx
2
dx

2 3
d y  dy 
(viii) 2    0
dx
2  dx 

3 2
6.(i)
2 sin x
y 
x  4 loge x  1 c
y sin x  c (ii)  2
3 16 x

c
(iii) y  sin x  , x  0 (iv) y = tan x – 1 + ce–tan x
x

4
y
(v) xy  c (vi) x = – y2e–y + cy2
4

7.(i) cy   x  2   1  2y  (ii) e x  2  sec y  c

2 2
(iii) 1 x  1 y  c

2
1 1 y 1 2 2
(iv) log  1 x  1 y c
2 2
1 y 1

(v) x 2  1 y  2
1  2 

8
 1 4 1 6 x x
(vi) log y   cos x  cos x  xe e c
4 6
3
1  cos 2x  x
  – cos 2x    x  1 e  c
16  3 

cos 2x
(vii) log tan y   c
y

3
x 1 y
8.(i)  log y  c (ii) tan    log x  c
3
3y x

(iii) x2 + y2 = 2x

cos  x y  1
(iv) y  ce [Hint : Put  v]
x

y
(v) sin    cx
x
(vi) c x  2
 y
2
 y

3
y x x 1 1
(vii) e  e  c (viii) sin y  sin x c
3

(ix) 
x log x y  y  cx
3

2 2 dy dy dy
9.(i) x  y  2xy  0 (ii) 2y  x , y  2x
dx dx dx

2 2 dy
(iii) x  y  2xy  0
dx
2 2 2
(iv) x  y 1  y '   x  yy ' 

2 2 1  x  2y 
10. log x  xy  y  2 3 tan   c
3x 

3
x c
11. 2 2
 x  y
x  y x

9
 3 sin 3x 2 cos 3x 2x 2 2 1
12.(i) y    ce (ii) y  sin x  cosec x
13 13 3 3

x 3
(iii) tan y  k  1  e 

13.(i)  y  x log c  x  y   (ii) cx

2
 y  x
2
 y
2

y 2
3x y  y  2x
(iii) xy cos    c (iv)
x

(v) y   x log  log x  , x  0 (vi) 

c x y
2 2
 2
x y .
2

y
(vii) cos  log x  1
x

1 sin x cos x
16. (i) y = tan x – 1 + c e tan x
(ii) y  c
x x

x
(iii) y (iv) 2y = sin x
x  ye  c

y
17. (i) c xy  sec  
x

(ii) (1 – e)3 tan y = (1 – ex)3

(iii) y = x2.

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