Generation of computer

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON
(0018/1567)

Program Name and Code : Computer Engineering

Course Name and Code : Fundamental Of ICT (311001)
Academic Year : 2023-24
Semester : 1st
A MICRO PROJECT
on

Sr.
Roll No. Name of student Enrollment No. Seat No.
No.
1. 13 Ayush Rohidas Chavan 23640220218 355106

Project Guide:-
Prof.Vinita Patil
Lecturer In Fundamental Of ICT

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Generation of computer

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Ayush Rohidas Chavan Roll No 13 of 1st semester of Diploma in
Computer Engineering of Institute, Govenrment Polytechnic Jalgaon (0018) has
completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in the Subject – Fundamental Of ICT for
the Academic Year 2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place :Jalgaon
Date: / /

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
InstitutionS
eal of

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Generation of computer

GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

I am Ayush Rohidas Chavan Roll Nos. 13 as student of 1st Semester of the

Programme Computer Engineering humbly submit that we have completed from
time to time the Micro-Project work as described in this report by our own skills and
study between the period from August 23-Nov 23 as per instructions/guidance of
Vinita Patil And that following students were associated with me for this work,
however, quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.

And that we have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any
other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Signature of
Date: / / students:

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Generation of computer

Evaluation sheet for microproject

Academic year- 2023-24 Course- Fundamental of ICT.

Name of Faculty- Vinita Patil.. Course code : 311001

Semester : 1st .

Title Of The Project : Generation Of Computers.

Comments/Suggestions About Team Work/Leadership/Inter- Personal

Communication (If Any).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Roll Name Of Student Marks out of Marks out of 4 for Total out of
No. 6 for performance 10
Performance
Oral./
in group
presentation
activity

13 Ayush Rohidas Chavan

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Generation of computer

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Generation of computer

INDEX-
Sr No. Title Page
No.
1 Aim, Objective

2 Introduction

3 First Generation Of Computer

4 Second Generation Of
Computer

5 Third Generation Of Computer

6 Fourth Generation Of
Computer

7 Fifth Generation Of
Computer

8 Sixth Generation Of
Computer

9 Conclusion, Reference

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Generation of computer

Generation of computers.

Introduction:-

Today the globe has become trendy thanks to technology. To finish

each form of task, we tend to use a pc. With the employment of computers,
each business has become on- line. Life is straightforward and comfy with
the employment of computers. But we do not assume that however, the pc
invent.

Nowadays computers became tiny, cheap, and common. However, in

maturity, computers were massive, significant, and not thus common as
nowadays. The history of computers starts with the birth of the abacus over
5000 years ago. After this, the developments of PCs got begun. Vacuum
Tubes were employed in the first generation of computers to perform
calculations. The amount of the first generation was 1946-1959. The
primary generation of computers was ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Calculator). The primary generation of computer
was serious and huge.

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Generation of computer

1.1First Generation Computer :

The first generation laptop was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Calculator). It had been the primary all- purpose electronic computer
that is intended by William Mulchy and John Eckert in 1942. However, the
machine was completed in 1945. It had been designed to calculate artillery
firing tables to be utilized by us Army's trajectory research lab to assist
North American country troops throughout war II

1.1 1st Generation of Computer

Advantages
 The advantage of the primary generation of computers was that these
computers quick and will calculate knowledge in milliseconds.

Limitation
 The operative speed was terribly low.Power consumption was terrify
high.They needed an oversized area for installation .

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Generation of computer

 The programming capability was quite low.Its process speed was

conjointly low.

Disadvantages
• Computers were larger.
• They consumed an outsized quantity of energy.
• They heated terribly shortly because of thousands of vacuum tubes.
• They weren't terribly reliable.
• Air learning is needed.
• Constant maintenance was needed.
• Not transportable.
• Costly business production.
• Very less work potency.
1.2 Second Generation of computer:-

A transistor computer often referred to as a second-generation computer,

is a type of computer that, as opposed to vacuum tubes, relies on discrete
transistors as its principal component to do the processing.

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1.2 2nd Generation of Computer

Compared to the vacuum tube, the transistor was significantly superior,

allowing computers to become more dependable, smaller, faster, more
energy-efficient, and cheaper than the first generation. The transistor
significantly outperformed the vacuum tube in terms of utility and
performance.
However, the transistor generated a lot of heat, which harmed the computer.
Punched cards and printouts were also employed for input and output in
second-generation computers.
These second-generation computers were used for a wide range of jobs
in the business and scientific sectors. They were programmed and
constructed using high-level programming languages such as COBOL
(Common Business Objects Language) & FORTRAN (Formula translator)
These computers frequently stored data on tapes and magnetic discs.

Advantages
•The second generation of computers had smaller form factors and higher
levels of reliability than their predecessors.

•They could consume less power because of the new technology employed
in the second generation computers, unlike the first generation.

•They outperformed first-generation computers in terms of speed and were

consequently used for commercial purposes.

•In addition, they increased precision and mobility.

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Disadvantages
•As we know, that they generate less heat but still require a cooling system.
•They require frequent maintenance.
•The commercial production of second generation computers is difficult.
•They are used only for some specific purpose.
•They use punch cards for input.

Characteristics
Some essential characteristics or features of the second generation
computers are as follows:

• Use of transistors as basic technology

• Based on assembly language and high-level programming languages
• Telephone line access for communication
• Use of magnetic cores as primary memory, and magnetic tapes and
magnetic disks as secondary storage devices
• Use of Paper Tape as an Output Device (output were given in printouts
only)

1.3 Third Generation of Computer

The third generation of computers used integrated circuits instead of

transistors technology that was used in computers of second-generation. Its
time period was around 1964 to 1970. An integrated circuit is a small chip
that was the trademark of the computers of third generation. The integrated
circuit used in 3rd generation computers can work as computer memory,
microprocessor or even an amplifier. The first to develop the idea of the
integrated circuit was Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack

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Generation of computer

Kilby (American electrical engineer) of Texas Instruments in 1959. The

landscape of computing had completely changed by the integrated circuit in
the 1960s, which is a single that have multiple transistors.
As compared to first and second generations of computers, the
technology used in the 3rd generation computers made them more reliable,
efficient and smaller in size. Also, comparing to the previous two
generations of computers, the computers made in the third generation used
integrated circuit came with features; such as faster speed, reliability,
generated less heat, lesser maintenance. They consumed lesser electricity;
still costly, and were needed air condition.

Characteristics
As third generation computers were made by using an integrated circuit that
led to various features, which are as follows:

 Instead of using individual transistors, the computers made in the

third generation used integrated circuits technology.
 As compared to second-generation computers, 3rd generation
computers were cheaper in price, smaller in size, less heavy in weight,
faster in speed and more efficient.

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1.3 3rd Generation of Computer

These computers were introduced with magnetic storage.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

• These computers required less space as they were smaller in size

comparing to two previous generation of computers.
• As the integrated circuit technology used to make these computers
made computers more reliable.
• They did not need much energy during operations; also, they
produced less heat.
• They were widely used due to portable and offered better speed.
• These computers used a fan for head discharge and did not require
manual computations.
• Due to rare hardware failure, the maintenance cost was low.
• They are used for general purposes and have a high storage capacity
to hold information.

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1.4 Fourth Generation Computers

The fourth generation of computers had characteristics linked with the

process of building an integrated circuit (IC) by merging numerous
transistors into a single chip. Fourth-generation computers, For example,
fourth generation computers were more adaptable, had a larger primary
storage capacity, were faster and more reliable, were portable, were very
compact and small, and so on, thanks to the technology utilized to make
them. As a result, these computers were small and only required a small
amount of electricity to operate. The corporation Intel was the first to build
a microprocessor. A microprocessor with serial numbers is used in fourth-
generation computers. Computers have gotten more popular in this age as
they are sold at a lower cost. In addition, fourth generation computers aided
in the Development.

1.4 4th Generation of Computer

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Generation of computer

The fourth-generation computers use LSI chip technology as their

brain. With the use of this technology, it was feasible to create incredibly
powerful computers that were also quite tiny. In the computer area, this
resulted in a societal revolution. On a single ship, a computer circuit the
size of a postage stamp was soon available.

Features

 Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits are used in a

microprocessor-based system.
 In this generation, microcomputers became the most affordable.
Handheld computers have grown in popularity and cost. In this
age, networking between systems was invented and became
commonplace.
 The quantity of memory and other storage devices available has
expanded dramatically. The outputs are now more consistent and
precise. The processing power, or speed, has skyrocketed.

Advantages
• Theywere designed to be used for a wide range of purposes (general-
purpose computers).
• Smaller and more dependable than previous generations of computers.
• There was very little heat generated.
• In
many circumstances, the fourth-generation computer does not require a
cooling system.
• Portable and less expensive than previous versions.
• Repair time and maintenance costs are reduced.
• Theywere also created with the intention of being used in commercial
production.

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• In
this form of computer, any type of high-level language can be
employed.

Disadvantages

• Thefabrication of the ICs necessitated the use of cutting-edge

technologies (Integrated Circuits).
• OnlyICs can be made with a high-quality and reliable system or
technology.
• Microprocessors must be manufactured using cutting-edge technology,
which necessitates the use of cooler (fan).

1.5 Fifth Generation Computers

Fifth-generation computers were introduced after the fourth-generation

computers were invented. Fifth-generation computers, also known as
modern computers, are still in the development stage and are based on
artificial intelligence. In 1982, Japan was invented the FGCS (Fifth
Generation Computer System). Computers of this generation are based on
microelectronic technology with high computing power and parallel
processing.
In the fifth generation of computers, all high-level languages are
employed. The primary goal of the fifth generation is to create machines
that can learn and organize themselves. Artificial intelligence and parallel
processing hardware are at the heart of this generation of computers, and
artificial intelligence encompasses terms like Robotics, Neural Networks,
etc.

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1.5 5th Generation of Computer

Thee usage of AI, which helps to make computers more powerful, is one of
the primary elements of 5th generation computers. From navigation to
browsing, AI applications may be found everywhere. It’s also used for
video analysis, image processing, and other tasks. Artificial intelligence is
projected to automate practically every element of computing.

Features

The ULSI (ultra large scale integration) technology is used in this

generation of computers. Natural language processing is now in its fifth
phase of development. In this generation’s computers, artificial intelligence
has progressed.
Parallel processing has advanced on these computers. The fifth-
generation computer includes more user-friendly interfaces and multimedia
functions. These PCs can be purchased for a lower price. Computers that
are more portable and powerful. Computers are dependable and less
expensive. It’s easier to manufacture in a commercial setting. Desktop
computers are straightforward to operate. Mainframe computers are
extremely efficient. Advantages of Fifth Generation of Computer

Advantages

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 These computers are far quicker than previous generations. These

computers are simpler to repair. These computers are substantially
smaller in size than other generation computers.
 They are lightweight and easy to move. True artificial intelligence
is being developed. Parallel Processing has progressed.
Superconductor technology has progressed.

Disadvantages

1. They’re usually sophisticated but could be difficult to use.

2. They can give businesses additional power to monitor your activities
and potentially infect your machine.

1.6 Sixth generation (Future generations)

As of 2022, most still consider us to be in the fifth generation as AI

continues to develop. One possible contender for a future sixth generation
is the quantum computer. However, until quantum computing becomes
more developed and widely used, it is still only a promising idea.

1.6 6th Generation of Computer

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Some people also consider nanotechnology to be part of the sixth

generation. Like quantum computing, nanotechnology is largely still in its
infancy and requires more development before becoming widely used.

Conclusion

Computers are a resource, just as there are many different writing

resources, and should be used as such. Now we have used five generations
of computers. In future generation computers have the power to access
things like the human brain by taking inputs in different ways. The future
generation of computers performs the tasks very faster than previous
generations and devices may be invisible or smaller in size.
Each generation is defined by a significant technological development that
changes fundamentally how computers operate – leading to more compact,
less expensive, but more powerful, efficient and robust machines.

Reference
https://www.vedantu.com/coding-for-kids/computer-generations
https://www.javatpoint.com/how-many-generations-of-the-computer
https://youtu.be/NqgpZ_v4Ne8

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