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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
CONCEPT OF STATE & NATION
Nation - a union of people who can be
identified by their commonalities in terms of
language, history, traditions, and religion
Latin word “Nasci” which means “born”
➢ They share common identity as a
people
o Member of homogenous people
We Filipinos have different ethnic groups
(Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bicolano,
Maranao, Tausog, Badjao, Etc.; however, we
have that oneness of being Filipino.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF NATIONS
Ethnic nation - an entity that is united
based on ethnicity
Example: Community of our Muslim
brothers who shares same ethnicity even
with different territories.
✓ Negrito
✓ Tausug
✓ Igorot
Territorial nation - a predefined territory
which was populated by different ethnic
group
Example: Philippines: we have different
ethnic groups, but we assimilate our self as a
Filipino.
Asian nation: we are considered as Asian
even with different ethnicity and descent,
but we are one as Asian.
State – a community of persons more or less
numerous
o Having a government of their
own
International law:
✓ State was established in the
Montevideo Convention
✓ An agreement signed by countries in
Montevideo, Uruguay
✓ All states were equal sovereign units
consisting
o Permanent population
o Defined territorial boundaries
o Government
o Ability to enter into agreements
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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Elements of the State CESSION

• People - Transfer of territory from one state to
• Territory another by agreement. This may be
• Government voluntary or by force.
• Sovereignty ✓ SABAH
• Recognition

MODES OF ACQUIRING TERRITORY
DISCOVERY & OCCUPATION
- A state can acquire a certain territory
when it discovers a certain place and
occupy it for a long period of time.
The place should be terra nullius or
land belonging to no one.
✓ SPARTLY ISLAND
PRESCRIPTION
- The acquisition of territory by an
adverse holding through a long term
of years
Two essential facts;
1. Continuous
2. Undisturbed possession
✓ LAS PALMAS
SUBJUGATION / CONQUEST
- Formal annexation of a territory after
it has been conquered during war.
WAR: RUSSO – UKRAINE
COUNTRIES: ANNEXATION OF
EUROPEAN
ACCRETION
- Increase in the land area of a State
caused by the operation of the forces
of nature or, artificially, through
human labor.
✓ RECLAMATION IN WEST
PHILIPPINE SEA BY CHINA
A state may be created by:
REVOLUTION – It refers to a movement,
often violent to overthrow an old regime and
effect a complete change in the fundamental
institution of society.

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
UNIFICATION - The process of being
united or made into a whole. Many states
joined together to form as one.
SECESSION - The act of separating from a
nation or state and become independent.
ASSERTION OF INDEPENDENCE - The
act of stating something or exercising
authority confidently and forcefully.
AGREEMENT – It is negotiated and
typically legally binding arrangement
between parties as to course of action.
ATTAINMENT OF CIVILIZATION – A
process by which society is or place reach an
advance stage of social civilization.
CONCEPT OF NATION – STATE
✓ Political nation
✓ State inhabited by people who
identify themselves as a nation on
account of common culture,
history, language, ethnicity, or
other factors.
✓ Nation-state coincides with same
language and religion, however not
all.
✓ A nation is composed of many
states.
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CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION
Heywood (2013) process through which
societies have become so intertwined or
interconnected
✓ It implies opening of local and
nationalistic perspective to a broader
outlook of interconnected and
interdependent world.
✓ Integrates States by interchange of
world views, products, ideas and other
aspects of culture.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
➢ The domestic and political policies
change because of events
happening in international arena.
• TESDA TO BPO RELATED SKILLS
• 10 YEARS TO K-12
• INCREASE IN NURSING
GRADUATE TO DEMAND IN
OTHER COUNTRIES
FEATURES OF GLOBALIZATION
➢ Improvement of technologies
➢ Improvement of communication
➢ Improvement of transportation
➢ Improvement of trade strategies
fast track

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Characteristics of globalization as a phenomenon
Declining relevance of geographical
distance
- The use of internet connectivity
virtually shortens the distance
between and among the people of
different states.
Lessening significance of territorial
boundaries
- The development in air, water and
land transportation delimits the
movement of people between states.
They can now move to and from one
state to another.
Deepening and broadening of political
processes, such that the local, national,
and global events constantly interact
- State personalities can now exchange
ideas in real time, talk diplomatically
for the improvement of both State.
o Bilateral or even multi-lateral
can be strengthened or
weakened depending on the
aspects of the relationship.
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FORMS OF GLOBALIZATION
Heywood (2013) listed three — economic,
cultural, and political
Economic Globalization - There is an
increasing interdependence of world
economies as a result of the growing scale of
cross-border trade of commodities and
services, flow of international capital and
wide and rapid spread of technologies.
Example: Internationalized production and
global supply chains now standardized for
manufacturer of many device, it ranging
from cars to smartphones.
Cultural Globalization - A phenomenon by
which the experience of everyday life.
Information, commodities, and images from
one part of the world make cultural
differences between nations and individuals
less significant.
Examples: Starbucks, KFC, Dunkin’
Donuts, Wendy’s, and SUBWAY
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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Political Globalization - The growth of

worldwide political system, the importance
Effects of Globalization in Developing
of international organizations, transnational
Countries
organizations, and non-governmental
organizations are being recognized. ✓ Economy is far greater than in
developed countries
Examples: World Trade Organization, World
✓ Only rely on single or less export
Bank, Asian Development Bank,
products
International Red Cross, and World Wide
✓ Not diversified
Fund for Nature.
✓ Once developed countries close its
doors, the economy will falter too.
✓ Some developed countries used this
Effects of Globalization as to Economy
scenario to demand political agenda
✓ The developed States enjoy the from other states.
advantages in the balance of
opportunities and threats.
✓ The underdeveloped and developing
countries remain dependent on
developed countries.
✓ We focus on economic aspect because
it controls all the effects of
globalization in every state.

Effects of Globalization in Developed

States
✓ Gain upper hand in economic
competitiveness
✓ Developed states adopted new
policies
✓ Some developed countries privatized
their publicly owned companies and
pruned down their budget deficits to
manageable levels, reduced their
taxes, and abolished shoddy stock
market because of international
competitions and monopolies.