15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

Module 3: Concrete

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 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

• Fresh state – shows behavior similar to that of a fluid,

can be pumped, acquires the shape of the mold in
which it is poured and little resistance to deformation.
• Hardened state – solid material with substantial
compressive strength and durability characeristics
The content should be used only for educational purpose
because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 2
 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

Properties that we look for

Fresh Properties Hardened Properties

• Workability • Compressive
• Air content strength
• Segregation • Tensile strength
• Setting time • Flexural strength
• Bleeding • Shrinkage and creep
• Temperature • Durability
• Permeability
The content should be used only for educational purpose
because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 3
 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

Workability

• Workability of Concrete is a broad and subjective term

describing how easily freshly mixed concrete can be mixed,
placed, consolidated, and finished with minimal loss of
homogeneity.
• As per ASTM C 125, Workability is the property determining the
effort required to manipulate a freshly mixed quantity of
concrete with minimum loss of homogeneity
• ACI defines workability as property of freshly mixed concrete or
mortar which determines the ease and homogeneity with
which it can be mixed, placed, consolidated and finished

The content should be used only for educational purpose

because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 4
 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

• Workability is a property that directly impacts strength,

quality, appearance, and even the cost of labor for
placement and finishing operations.

• The desired workability is not same for all types of concrete.

More workability is required for a thin inaccessible section
or heavily reinforced section rather than a mass concrete
body

The content should be used only for educational purpose

because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 5
 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

Desirable Workability for Construction

• Section size, amount and spacing of reinforcement: When a section is
narrow, complicated, several narrow corners, inaccessible parts; a highly
workable concrete is desirable to obtain full compaction through a reasonable
amount of effort.
• When the section is crowded with steel reinforcement and spacing of
bars is relatively small, compaction can be difficult and hence highly
workable concrete is recommended in such cases.
• If there are no limitations of the critical section or heavy reinforcement,
we can get a wide range of workability for concrete casting.

• Method of compaction: If concrete is compacted manually, more workability

is recommended because hand compaction is not very much uniform and
effective.
• If there is a scope of the vibrator or machine compaction, we can choose
workability from a wide range.

The content should be used only for educational purpose

because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 6
 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

The content should be used only for educational purpose

because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 7
 15-09-2021

CEC203: Building Material, Construction and Management

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

Factors Affecting Workability

• Cement type and quantity

• Water content
• Aggregate shape and surface texture
• Aggregate gradation
• Admixtures
• Ambient Temperature

The content should be used only for educational purpose

because it contains various copyright content. In the
development of the course material published content of
several authors have been used and their contribution is
gratefully acknowledged 8