Chapter 3

Trigonometric functions

IMPORTANT FORMULAE
π
• Radian Measure = 180
× Degree measure
180
• Degree measure= π
× Radian measure
• Cos2 x + sin2 x = 1
• 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x
• 1 +cot2 x = cosec2 x
• cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
• cos (x-y) = cosxcosy + sinxsiny
• sin(x+y) = sinxcosy + cosxsiny
• sin(x-y) = sinxcosy – cosxsiny
tan x+tan y
• tan(x+y) =
1−tanx tany
tanx−tany
• tan(x-y) = 1+tanx tany
cot xcoty−1
• cot(x+y) =
coty+cot x
cot xcoty+1
• cot(x-y) =
coty –cot x
1− tan 2x
• cos 2x = cos2x – sin2x = 2cos2x – 1 = 1 – 2sin2x = 1+tan 2x

2 tanx
• sin 2x = 2 sinxcosx =
1+ tan 2x
2 tanx
• tan 2x =
1−tan 2x
• sin 3x = 3 sinx – 4sin3x
• cos 3x = 4cos3x – 3cosx
3 tanx−tan 3x
• tan 3x = 1−3tan 2x
x+y x−y
• sin x + sin y = 2 sin 2
cos 2
x+y x−y
• sin x – sin y = 2 cos 2 sin 2
x+y x−y
• cos x + cos y = 2cos 2 cos 2
x+y x−y
• cos x - cos y = -2 sin sin
2 2
• 2 cosx cos y = cos (x +y) + cos (x-y)
• 2 sin x siny = -[cos (x+y) – cos (x- y)]or cos (x-y) – cos (x+ y)
• 2 sin x cos y= sin (x+y) + sin (x-y)
• 2 cos x siny = sin (x+y) - sin (x-y)
• Sinx = 0 gives x = nπ, where n ∈ Z
• tanx = 0 gives x = nπ, where n ∈ Z
π
• Cosx = 0 gives x=(2n+1) , where n ∈ Z
2
• Sin x = sin y implies x = nπ + (−1)n y, where n ∈ Z
• Cos x = cos y implies x = 2nπ ± y, where n ∈ Z.
• tan x = tany implies x = nπ + y, where n ∈ Z.