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Rules of Madd [lengthening].
Articulation points of the Arabic letters.
characteristics of the Arabic letters.
the relationships between letters.
Insertion of the two alike, the two similar and the two close letters.
Rules of Hamzatul wasl.
Special pronunciation for some words.
Meeting of two sakin letters.
Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 2

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Rules of Madd‬‬
‫َّ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫أحكام املد يف كتاب اهلل جل وعال‬
Madd means increase,
prolongation, lengthening,
elongation, stretching.
Lengthening the sound

with one of the three
Madd letters.
Alif Madd
(Sakinah and preceded by fat-ha)
َ‫قَـا َل‬
Waw Madd Yaa Madd

(Sakinah and preceded by damma) (Sakinah preceded by Kasrah)
َ‫َيَقُو ُل‬ َ‫قِي َل‬

These three letters have an ability to be
stretched and get prolonged.

‫‪The three Madd letters are collected with their matching vowels in‬‬
‫‪this word from surat Hud‬‬
‫ۡل ِم كن َأنۢ َب ۤا ِء ألك َغ كی ِب ن ُو ِحهیَ ۤا إلَ كی َ َۖك َما ُك َ‬

‫نت تَ كعلَ ُمهَ ۤا َأ َنت َو ََل قَ كو ُم َك ِمن قَ كب ِل َه ٰـ َذإ َۖ فَٱ كص ِ ك َۖب‪} ..‬‬ ‫{ ِت ك َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫[ ُس َور ُة هُود‪]٤٩ :‬‬
‫نُـو ِحیـ َهاۤ‬

The duration of Madd sound can be measured by the number of
Harakat (counts) but it basically depends on imitating your teacher.
At the beginning you can use your hand fingers to count the
movements (Harakat), this helps you to adjust the correct duration
for Madd.
With practice you will be able to adjust duration without using hand
fingers.

Types (sections) of Madd
1) Natural Madd and
what follows it.
(2 counts)
Secondary Madd due to

a Hamza
2) Secondary Madd.
(more than 2 counts) Secondary Madd due to
a Sukoon

1) Natural Madd (primary).
)‫المدۤالطبیعيۤ(األصلي‬
The letter of Pronounced

It is held for only Madd is not naturally to get
two counts followed by the correct
(cannot be shorter). Hamza or meaning of the
Sukoon. word.

ُ ۡ ࣰۡ
ۤ‫وُا‬
ً ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ك‬َ ‫ا‬‫ه‬َ ‫ج‬
ُ ‫ا‬‫ز‬َ ‫ۤم‬
ِ َ
‫ان‬‫ك‬َ ۤ ࣲِ ‫أ‬ ‫َك‬ ُ َ ‫َولَ َّماۤبَلَ َۤغ أ‬
ۤ‫ش َّۤدهُۥࣰۤ َءات َ ۡیۤنَ ٰـهُۤ ُحكما‬
ۤ‫َو ِع ۡلم ۚا‬
A sweet-smelling drink in A verb means “reached”
Paradise (Camphor).
ࣰ ُ
‫انۤٱلش َّۡی َط ٰـ ُنِۤۤل َُ ِب ِه ۤ َكفوُۤا‬
َ ‫َو َك‬
‫ۤو ِلیُنذَ ُُۤواۤ ِب ِه‬ ِ َّ‫َه ٰـذَاۤبَلَ ٰـغۤ ِللۤن‬
َ ِ‫ا‬
“Ungrateful or disbelieving” A noun means “a message”

‫َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ ُ ِّ ۡ ُ َ ُ َ ٰ ُ َ ۡ ُ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ‬
‫{ ولما وقع علی ِهم ٱلرجز قالوا یـموَس ٱدع لنا ربك ِبما ع ِهد‬
‫َ َ َۖ َ ن َ َ ۡ َ َ َّ ِّ ۡ َ َ ُ ۡ نَ نَّ َ َ‬
‫ِعندك ل ِٕى كشفت عنا ٱلرجز لنۡ ِِٕى لك‪}..‬‬
‫وُةُۤاأل َ ۡع َُ ِۤ‬
‫اف‪]١٣٤ :‬‬ ‫س َ‬‫[ ُ‬
‫‪Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

Find
and
practice
all
natural
madd
in this
surah..

What follows natural Madd
‫ملحقاتۤالمدۤالطبیعي‬
(2 Harakah)
A) Applied in case of joining and stopping.
C) Applied in case B) Applied in case

of joining only. of stopping only.

A) Applied in case of joining and stopping.
1) Madd Badal
2) Natural Madd in
(exchange madd) the 5 cutting letters:
ُ/‫هـ‬/‫ط‬/‫ي‬/‫ح‬

(Exchange Madd)
‫مدۤالبدل‬
‫ ِءي‬-‫ ُءو‬-‫َۤءا‬
Madd Badal
Qura’nic examples.. (follows natural madd)
‫ﮙ‬ ‫ﯡ‬ ‫ﭵ‬ ‫ﯝ‬
‫ﭹ‬ ‫ﭓ‬ ‫ﮃ‬ ‫ﭾ‬
‫ﯓ‬ ‫ﭱ‬ ‫ﭔ‬ ‫ﭑ‬

Madd Badal
Qura’nic examples.. (follows natural madd)
‫ﯺ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﭢ‬ ‫ﮣ‬
‫ﭵ‬ ‫ﭶ‬ ‫ﭟ‬ ‫ﯕ‬
‫ﯲ‬ ‫ﯡ‬ ‫ﯸ‬ ‫ﮟ‬

2) Natural Madd in the 5 cutting letters:
ُ /ۤ‫ هـ‬/ۤ‫ ط‬/ۤ‫ ي‬/ۤ‫ح‬
‫المد الطبيعي في الحروف الخمسة المقطعة أوائل السور‬
‫طا‬

‫ورة ُ طه‪]١ :‬‬
‫س َ‬‫[ ُ‬ ‫{ طه }‬
‫ورة ُ ال ُّ‬
‫ش َع َراء‪]١ :‬‬ ‫س َ‬‫[ ُ‬ ‫{ طسمۤ }‬
‫ورة ُ َم ۡريَ َم‪]١ :‬‬

‫س َ‬‫[ ُ‬ ‫{ كۤهیعصۤ}‬
‫ورة ُ يس‪]١ :‬‬

‫س َ‬‫[ ُ‬ ‫{ یِۤ }‬
‫الز ۡخ ُرف‪]١ :‬‬

‫ورة ُ ُّ‬
‫س َ‬‫[ ُ‬ ‫{ حمۤ }‬
B) Applied in case of stopping only.
1) Substitute Madd.
2) Alif Madd carrying an oval zero sign.
‫َمدۤال ِع َوض‬
(‫(ۤا‬
1) Substitute Madd.
‫مدۤالعوض‬
Is applied in case of
stopping on a word
ends with
“Tanween with fat-h”
It follows the natural

Madd because the reader
gives it a voice of
“natural madd with Alif” in
case of stopping.

If the word ends with “ًۤ‫ ”ة‬the reader
stops on it with "‫ هـ‬sukoon" sound.

Find
and
practice
all
substitute
madd
in
this page..

‫(اۤ) ‪2) Alif Madd carrying an oval zero sign‬‬
‫ش ٰـ ِه ِۤد َ‬
‫ینۤ}‬ ‫ۤوۤأَنَاۤ َمعَك ِ‬
‫ُمۤم َنۤٱل َّ‬ ‫{‪..‬قَا َلۤفَ ۡ‬
‫ٱش َهدُوا َ‬
‫ٱّلۤٱل ُّ‬
‫ظنُونَاۤ }‬ ‫ۤوت َ ُ‬
‫ظنُّ َ‬
‫ونِۤۤب َّ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اج‬
‫ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ح‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ۤٱل‬‫وب‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ل‬‫ُ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ۤٱل‬‫ت‬‫{‪َ ..‬وبَلَغَ ِ‬
‫{ لَّ ٰـ ِكنَّاۤ ُه َو َّۤ‬

‫ۤٱّلُ‪} ..‬‬
‫س َۤ‬
‫ول }‬ ‫ٱلُ‬
‫َّ ُ‬ ‫اۤ‬‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ۤ‬
‫ع‬ ‫َ‬
‫ط‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ۤو‬ ‫اۤٱّل‬
‫َّ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ع‬ ‫َ‬
‫ط‬ ‫َ‬ ‫{‪..‬یَقُولُ َ‬
‫ونۤیَ ٰـلَ ۡیتَنَاۤأ‬
‫س ِبی َۤ‬
‫ل}‬ ‫اۤو ُۤكبَ َُا َءنَاۤفَأ َ َ‬
‫َلُّونَاۤٱل َّ‬ ‫ُۤبَّنَاۤ ِإنَّاۤأ َ َط ۡعنَاۤ َ‬
‫سا َدتَنَ َ‬ ‫{ َوقَالُوا َ‬
‫ۤمنۤ ِف َّ‬
‫َ ࣲةۤ‪}..‬‬ ‫یُا ِ‬
‫ِ َ‬‫اُ‬ ‫و‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬‫(‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫ا‬ ‫یُ‬
‫ِ َ‬‫اُ‬ ‫و‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ۤ‬‫ت‬‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ۤ‬‫اب‬
‫ࣲ‬ ‫و‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ك‬ ‫َ‬ ‫{‪َ ..‬وأ‬
‫ۡ ࣰ‬
‫یُاۤ}‬
‫ً‬ ‫ع‬
‫ِ‬ ‫س‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۤو‬
‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫غ‬‫َ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫ل‬‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫س‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬‫س‬‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ین‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ل‬‫ۡ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اۤ‬‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫د‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ع‬ ‫َ‬ ‫{ ِإنَّاۤأ‬

‫ۡ ࣰ‬
‫یُاۤ}‬
‫س ِع ًۤ‬ ‫ۤو‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬‫َ‬
‫َ ٰ ِ َ ٰ َ َ‬
‫ل‬ ‫غ‬‫َ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫ل‬‫َ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ـ‬‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ین‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫َ‬ ‫ل‬‫ۡ‬
‫{ ِإنَّاۤأ َ ۡعت َ ۡدنَاۤ ِل ٰ ِِ‬
‫س َلۤ‬ ‫سلَ ٰـ ِ‬ ‫َ‬

‫س ۡۤل‬
‫سلَ ٰـ ِ‬‫َ‬
Practice ..

c) Applied in case of joining only.
The lesser connecting Madd. ۤ‫مدۤالصلةۤالصغُى‬
A word ends with (‫ )ه‬letter & followed by ‫ۥ‬ or

‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وِح فَقُوا لهۥس ٰـ ِِ ِدین }‬
‫یه ِِن ر ِ‬
‫{ ف ِإذا سویتهۥ ونفخت ِف ِ‬
‫ࣱ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َّ َ َّ َ ُ َ َ ۡ ُُ ُ ُ ۡ ۚۡ َّ ُ َ‬
‫{ و ِإن ربك هو یحشهم ِإنهۥ ح ِكیم ع ِلیم }‬
‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫{ َل یِۡنون ب ِهۦ وقد خلت سنة ٱۡلول ن‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ٕى }‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ ۡ َۡ ُ َ‬ ‫َّ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫َ َ َۡ‬
‫ول ِإَل كانوا ِب ِهۦ یسته ِزءون }‬ ‫یهم ِن رس ٍ‬ ‫{ وِا یأ ِت ِ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ َۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ٰ َ َ َ ٰ ࣱ ِّ َّ‬
‫اس و ِلینذروا ِب ِهۦ و ِلیُلموا‪}...‬‬
‫{ هـذا بلـغ للن ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ۡ َ َ َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ ه َ َ ࣰ ِّ ُ ُّ َ‬
‫ّلِل أندادا لی ِضلوا عن س ِبی ِل ِهۦ قۡ تمتُوا‪...‬‬
‫وجُلوا ِ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ِّ نَ َ ُ ۡ َۖ‬ ‫َۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َۤ‬
‫ان قو ِِ ِهۦ ِلیَٕى لهم‬
‫ول ِإَل ِب ِلس ِ‬
‫وِا أرسلنا ِِن رس ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ َۤ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ِّ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ِّ َۖ‬ ‫َۡ ۡ ُ‬ ‫ََۡ‬
‫ان وِا هو ِبمی ࣲت و ِِن ورا ِى ِهۦ عذاب غ ِلیࣱ‬‫یه ٱلموت ِِن كۡ ِك ࣲ‬
‫ویأ ِت ِ‬
‫َ ِّ َّ ُ َّ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ ࣰ ِّ َ َّ َۖ َ َ َ َ ن َ َّ ُ نِّ َۖ‬
‫اس فمن ت ُِِ ِِ ف ِإنهۥ ِِِ‬
‫رب ِإنهن أضللن ك ِثیا ِن ٱلن ِ‬
Summary for all types of (2 counts’ Madd)
(Natural Madd and what follows it)
A) Applied in case of B) Applied in case of C) Applied in case of

joining and stopping. stopping only. joining only.
4) Substitute Madd.
1) Natural Madd in a word.
َ ‫قَالُواۤیَ ٰـ ُمو‬
‫سى‬ ‫ﯴ‬
6) The lesser connecting Madd.
2) Madd Badal.
‫ ِءي‬-‫ ُءو‬-‫َءا‬ 5) Alif Madd carrying an
oval zero sign.
3) Natural Madd in the 5 cutting َ ‫س‬
ۤ‫ول‬ ُ ُ‫ٱل‬
َّ
letters:
‫ُا‬/‫طا‬/‫یا‬/‫ها‬/‫حا‬
Find
and
practice
all
2 counts’ madd
in
this page..

A) Secondary Madd due to
a Hamza.
B) Secondary Madd due to
a Sukoon.
1) Secondary Madd due to a Hamza.
The joined The Separated The Greater

Required Allowed Madd. connecting
Madd. Madd.

1) The Joined Required Madd.
(‫)إملد إلوإجب إملتصل‬
• Is to have a Madd letter followed by a Hamza in the same
word.
• It is called required Madd because it is required to

stretch it more than the natural Madd for all
reciters.
• In the narration of “Hafs” from Asim it is elongated
(4) or (5) counts

Madd Muttasil wajib
Qura’nic examples.. (connected required madd)
‫ﯤ‬ ‫ﭖ‬ ‫ﮰ‬ ‫ﭔ‬
‫ﯔ‬ ‫ﮪ‬ ‫ﮈ‬ ‫ﯙ‬
‫ﯵ‬ ‫ﭺ‬ ‫ﭑ‬ ‫ﮁ‬

Madd Muttasil
Qura’nic examples.. (connected required madd)
‫ﯟ‬ ‫ﯪ‬ ‫ﭔ‬ ‫ﯚ‬
‫ﭔ‬ ‫ﮞ‬ ‫ﮙ‬ ‫ﮑ‬
‫ﯸ‬ ‫ﰔ‬ ‫ﯗ‬ ‫ﯕ‬

2) The Separated Allowed Madd.
(‫)إملد إجلائز إملنفصل‬
• Is to have a Madd letter at the end of the first word and
the Hamza at the beginning of the next one.
• It is called Allowed Madd because reciters disagree

concerning lengthening and shortening it.
• In the narration of “Hafs” from Asim by the way of
Ashatibiyah, it is elongated (4) or (5) counts.

Madd Munfasil
Qura’nic examples.. (disconnected madd)
‫ﯘﯙ‬ ‫ﮇﮈ‬ ‫ﯕﯖ‬ ‫ﭕﭖ‬
‫ﯟﯠ‬ ‫ﯔﯕ‬ ‫ﭜﭝ‬ ‫ﮫﮬ‬
‫ﮱﯓ‬ ‫ﮏﮐ‬ ‫ﮌﮍ‬ ‫ﭙﭚ‬

Madd Munfasil
Qura’nic examples.. (disconnected madd)
‫ﰪﰫ‬ ‫ﯭﯮ‬ ‫ﮨﮩ‬ ‫ﮚﮛ‬
‫ﭩﭪ‬ ‫ﭤﭥ‬ ‫ﯳﯴ‬ ‫ﯻﯼ‬
‫ﮱﯓ‬ ‫ﮏﮐ‬ ‫ﮌﮍ‬ ‫ﭙﭚ‬

Note..
Some Qur'anic words appear as one word in

writing but actually they are two words in meaning
The type of madd is: (separated not joined)

3) The Greater Connecting Madd.
(‫)مد إلصةل إلكبى‬
Elongated for (4) or (5) Harakat. A word ends with (‫ )ه‬letter

Belongs to the separate Madd. & followed by ‫ ۥ‬or
Applied in case of joining only. And the next word starts
with a Hamza.
➢ Note the difference..
Presence of wavy sign.

Followed by Hamza.
4 or 5 counts.
No wavy sign.
Not followed by Hamza.
2 counts.
Madd Sila kubra
Qura’nic examples.. (greater connection madd)
‫ﭜﭝ‬ ‫ﮜﮝ‬ ‫ﯘﯙ‬ ‫ﮣﮤ‬
‫ﭠﭡ‬ ‫ﯬﯭ‬ ‫ﭢﭣ‬ ‫ﭪﭫ‬
‫ﮩﮪ ﮫ‬ ‫ﮡﮢ‬ ‫ﮎﮏ ﮐ‬ ‫ﯠﯡ‬

Mention the
type of Madd in
the following
examples

Mention the
type of Madd in
the following
examples

Find:
1.Connected Madd.
2.Separated Madd.
3.Substitute Madd.
4.Lesser connection Madd.
5.Greater connection Madd.
6.Exchange Madd.
7.Three types of natural

Madd.
2) Secondary Madd due to a Sukoon.
The The The Eased

compulsory Conditional Madd.
madd madd due ‫(ِد ن‬
to a sukoon. )‫اللٕى‬
)‫(المد الالزم‬
‫(المد الُارض‬
)‫للسكون‬

1) The Compulsory Madd.
(‫)إملد اإلّلزم‬
• Is to have a Madd letter followed by a letter
with an original sukoon.
• It is called compulsory Madd (Madd Lazim)
because it has to be stretched for (6) Harakat
for all reciters.

A letter with
Presence of
an original a Sukoon sign.
sukoon after
one of the A letter with
three Madd a Shadda sign.
letters can
The separate cutting
be found in (7) letters in the beginning
three forms. of some Surahs
)‫ میم‬-‫ كاف‬-‫ لم‬-‫ سین‬-‫ صاد‬-‫ قاف‬-‫(نون‬

1. A letter with a Sukoon sign
Presence of an original Sukoon in the form of sukoon

sign (not Shadda) occurred in only one word.
(repeated twice in surat Yunus)

‫اۤوقَ َعۤ َءا َمنتُمۤ ِب ِه ۤ َءا ۡلـَٰٔۤـ َنۤ َوقَ ۡدۤكُنتُمۤ ِب ِه ۤت َ ۡست َ ۡع ِۤ‬
‫جل ُ َ‬
‫ونۤ}‬ ‫{ أَث ُ َّمۤ ِإ َذاۤ َم َ‬
‫[ ُس َور ُة يُون ُ َس‪]٥١ :‬‬
‫س ِدی َنۤ}‬ ‫ۡ‬

‫ف‬
‫ُ ِ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ۤٱل‬ ‫َ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ۤم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫نتَ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫ل‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫تَ‬‫ی‬‫ۡ‬ ‫ص‬
‫َ‬ ‫ع‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬‫د‬‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫َ‬
‫{ َءا َٔ َ‬
‫ۤ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٰ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ۡ‬
‫[ ُس َور ُة يُون ُ َس‪]٩١ :‬‬

2. A letter with a Shadda sign
Most common form of {Madd Lazim}

Madd letter followed by a Mushaddad letter.

Madd Lazim
Qura’nic examples.. (Compulsory Madd)
‫ﯔ‬ ‫ﯦ‬ ‫ﯸ‬ ‫ﭳ‬
‫ﯚ‬ ‫ﮧ‬ ‫ﰁ‬ ‫ﭖ‬
‫ﮮ‬ ‫ﮯ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯬ‬

3.The separate cutting (7) letters in the beginning of some Surahs
)‫ ِمیم‬-ۤ‫سینۤ– لمۤ– َكاف‬ َ –ۤ‫ قَاف‬-ۤ‫)نُون‬
ِ –ۤ‫صاد‬
‫سنقصۤلكم‬
➢If you write the name of any letter of these (7) letters as a word,
you will find it having the case of Madd Lazim:
➢A letter of Madd is followed by an original sukoon.
Alif Madd followed by (‫)ف‬

letter with original
sukoon.

❖ The number of separate letters in the Qur`an is (14),
gathered in this phrase:
‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫سنقصۤلكم‬ ُ‫حيۤطه‬

• One letter has • One letter has • (7) Letters • (5) letters
no Madd. a letter of follow Madd follow the
Leen in the Lazim. natural Madd.
• ‫أَ ِلف‬ middle. • (6 haraka) • (2 haraka)
• (4 or 6 haraka) • –ۤ‫سینۤ– نُون‬ ِ ( • –ۤ‫( َحاۤ– یَاۤ– َطاۤ– َها‬
• ‫عَین‬ –‫صادۤ– لم‬َ –ۤ‫قَاف‬ )‫َُا‬
)‫كَافۤ– ِمیم‬

Note: Tajweed rules should be applied.

2) The Temporary Madd. (‫)إملد إلعارض للسكون‬
Is to have a Madd letter followed by sukoon due to stopping. (not

original sukoon).
Applied in case of stopping only and Prolonged for (2),(4) or (6).
The reader should continue with the same duration until he/she
finishes the recitation.
61
Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed
62
3) The Eased Madd.(‫)مد إللني‬
Is to have a )Leen) letter [ ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬sukoon preceded by Fat-ha]
followed by sukoon due to stopping (not original sukoon).
Applied in case of stopping only and Prolonged for (2),(4) or (6).
The reader should continue with the same duration until

he/she finishes the recitation.

64
Summary of secondary Madd due to a Sukoon
1.Original Sukoon (Madd Lazim) 2. Sukoon due to stopping.

(6 Harakat) (2, 4 or 6 Harakat)
In a word as a Sukoon [Temporary Madd]

sign
)‫(المدَالعارضَللسكون‬
In a word as a Shadda
sign.
[Eased Madd]
In a separate cutting letter. )‫(مدَاللين‬
Mention the
type of Madd
in the
highlighted
parts.

Mention the
type of Madd
in the
highlighted
parts.

Make a general review on all types of Madd with
the following examples

‫َ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ٕى }‬ ‫{ إنهم ألفوا ءاباءهم ضال ن‬
‫ِ‬
‫ن‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ٕى }‬ ‫{ ثم جُۡ نسلهۥ ِِن سلـل ࣲة ِن ِا ࣲء ِ ِه ࣲ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ۤ‬
‫{ الم (‪ )١‬غ ِلِ ِت ٱلروم (‪} )٢‬‬
‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ࣰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ٰ‬
‫{ ِإنا أعتدنا ِللكـ ِف ِرین سلـ ِسل وأغلـاࣰ وس ُِیا }‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫ٰ‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ۡ َ ۡ ُ ُ َ َّ َ ٰ َ ۡ‬
‫{ فلیُِدوا رب هـذا ٱلَی ِت }‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ٕى }‬ ‫{ إذ نِین ٰـه وأهلهۥ أجم ُِ ن‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ ࣰّ‬ ‫َ َّ ٰا َّٰ‬
‫{ وٱلصـفـ ِت صفا }‬
‫ࣱ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ࣱ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۤ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ٕى }‬ ‫ٱّلِل وإنما أنا ن ِذیر َِ ن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ند‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٱل‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫{‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ه ٰ َّ ُ َ ه ُ َ ِّ َ َ ا ُ ُ ۡ ُ َ ِّ ا َ َ ࣰ‬
‫شك ِبر ِّب أحدا }‬ ‫{ لـ ِكنا هو ٱّلِل ر ِّب وَل أ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ۡ َ ۡ ۡ َ ِّ َ ه‬
‫{ ٱقرأ ِبٱس ِم ربك ٱل ِذی خلق }‬
2

Important general definitions:
The place of emitting the letter when

pronouncing it.

A sound that relies on a specific or approximate
articulation point.
3) Specific articulation point. 4) Approximate articulation point.
which relies on a specific which doesn’t rely on a

place of the three areas: specific place of the three
throat, tongue or the two areas: throat, tongue or
lips. the two lips.

How many articulation points for the Arabic letters?
The scholars laid out five (5) major areas

that have within them the different
articulation points, which are a total of
seventeen (17) Makhraj.

1) Oral and
throat cavity
(Approximate major area)
4) Throat
(specific major area)
3) The two lips 5) The togue

(specific major area) (specific major area)
2) Nasal passage
(Approximate major area(
1) The oral&throat cavity (Jawf)
The empty space in the mouth and throat.
An approximate major area and an articulation point at the

same time.
The three madd letters originate from this non-specific area.
These madd letters don’t have a specific space that they

finish at, instead these letters finish with the stopping of the
sound.
Waw Madd Yaa Madd Alif Madd
Circling the lips with Raising the middle of Opening of the
the letter waw, the tongue with the mouth with the
while raising the letter yaa. letter alif, while the
deepest part of the tongue is in the
tongue. position of rest.

2) The nasal cavity or passage (Khayshoom)
The hole in the nose that continues back towards

inside the mouth.
An approximate major area and an articulation

point at the same time.
The nasal sound (Ghunnah) originates from this

non-specific area.
Ghunnah is a required characteristic of Noon and

Meem.

3) The Throat (Al-Halq)
A specific major area and has three articulation points for the
six throat letters.
The deepest part of the throat (means the furthest part from
the mouth and closest to chest) for the two letters (‫ۤء‬،ۤ‫)هـ‬.
The middle part of the throat for the two letters (‫ۤع‬،ۤ‫)ح‬.
The closest part of the throat (means the closest part from
the mouth) for the two letters (‫ۤغ‬،ۤ‫)خ‬.
Upper
throat
The top
Middle
throat
Inner
throat
The
bottom

4) The Two lips (‫)الشفتان‬
A specific major area and has two articulation points for four
letters.
The letter (‫ )ف‬is articulated between the inside of the lower

lip (wet part) and the tips of the two front incisors.
The letter (‫ )م‬is articulated by closing the two lips together.
The letter (‫ )ب‬is articulated by closing the two lips together,

but a stronger closing than the letter (‫)م‬.
The letter (‫ )و‬is articulated by forming a circle of the two lips.

84
5) The Tongue (‫)اللسان‬
A specific major area and has ten articulation points for eighteen
letters.
These ten articulation points are distributed over four parts of the
tongue:
a) Deepest part of the tongue for the two letters (‫ )ق‬and (‫)ك‬.
b) Middle of the tongue for the three letters (‫)ج‬, (‫ )ش‬and (‫)ي‬.
c) The edge (side) of the tongue for the two letters (‫ )ض‬and (‫)ل‬.
d) Tip of the tongue for the eleven letters: (‫ز‬،‫ص‬،ِ،‫ظ‬،‫ث‬،‫ذ‬،‫ت‬،‫د‬،‫ط‬،ُ،‫)ن‬.

a) Deepest part of the tongue for the two letters (‫ )ق‬and (‫)ك‬.
Deepest part of the Deepest part of the

tongue and what lies tongue and what lies
opposite to it from the opposite to it from the
roof of mouth roof of mouth
(the soft palate) (the hard palate)
b) Middle of the tongue for the three letters (‫)ي‬, (‫ )ش‬and (‫)ج‬.

c) The edge (side) of the tongue for the two letters (‫ )ض‬and (‫)ل‬.
The left edge (side) The right edge (side)

of the tongue. of the tongue.

Articulation point of the letter (‫)ض‬
Articulated from one of the sides or

edges of the tongue and what lies
opposite to it of the upper molars left,
right, or both sides at the same time.
Touching area without pressing

Articulation point of the letter (‫)ل‬
Articulated from the nearest

part of the sides of the
tongue to the end of its tip
(front edge of the tongue)
and what lies opposite to it
of the gums of upper teeth.

Articulation point of the letter (‫)ن‬
Articulated from the tip of

the tongue and what lies
opposite to it of the gums of
the two top front incisors.

. Articulation point of the letter (ُ)
the tip of the tongue with the top of the tip
(leaving very small space in the middle), and what
lies opposite to it of the gums of the two top front
incisors.
light (ُ) heavy (ُ)

Articulation point of the letters (‫ۤت‬،ۤ‫ۤد‬،ۤ‫)ط‬
the tip of the tongue with the roots of the two

top front incisors.

Articulation point of the letters (‫ۤث‬،ۤ‫ۤذ‬،ۤ‫)ظ‬
the tip of the tongue with the tips of the two top
front incisors.

Articulation point of the letters (‫ۤز‬،ِۤۤ،ۤ‫)ص‬
the end of the tip of the tongue with the inner
surface of the lower incisors. (the sound is emitted
between the lower and upper incisors)

3

The characteristics of the Arabic letters
Differentiate letters from others, especially that share the same
articulation point.
If the reciter is not applying all the characteristics of the letter he is

articulating, then the sound will be either like a different letter, or
incorrect sound for this letter.
Can be defined as: the state in which the letter is when pronouncing
it from its articulation point.
Classified into two groups: characteristics with opposite and

characteristics without opposite.
Characteristics with
opposite
‫صفات لها ضد‬
A) Characteristics with opposite.
According to the flow and imprisonment of the breath
The whisper
ِ‫الهم‬ The Audibility
ُ‫الجه‬

The whisper The Audibility
(Al-Hams) (Al-Jahr)
Running on of the breath when Imprisonment of running on of the
pronouncing the letter due to weakness breath when pronouncing the letter
in its origin. due to strength in its origin.
Ten (10) letters: Nineteen (19) letters
‫فۤحۤثۤهـۤشۤخۤصِۤۤكۤت‬
‫سكتۤفحثهۤشخص‬ All the rest of the Arabic

letters
A Weak characteristic A Strong characteristic

According to the flow and imprisonment of the sound
The strength
‫الشدة‬
in between The softness
‫التوسط‬
‫الُخاوة‬

The strength The (in-between) The softness
(Ash-shidda) Moderation (Ar-rkhawa)
(At-tawasut)
Imprisonment of running on of Partial imprisonment and Running on of the sound when
the sound when pronouncing partial running on of the pronouncing the letter due to
the letter due to the complete sound of the letter due to the weak reliance on the
reliance on the articulation the incomplete reliance articulation point.
point. on the articulation point.
eight (8) letters: five (5) letters: sixteen (16) letters
‫ءۤجۤدۤقۤطۤبۤكۤت‬ ُۤ‫لۤنۤعۤم‬
‫أجدۤقطۤبكت‬ ُ‫لنۤعم‬ All the rest of the Arabic letters
A strong characteristic A moderate characteristic A weak characteristic

According to the direction of the sound
The elevation
‫الستعلء‬ The lowering
‫الستفال‬

The elevation The lowering
(isti’ala) (Istifaal)
the sound rises to the roof of mouth when the sound doesn’t rise to the roof of mouth
pronouncing the letter. when pronouncing the letter.
seven (7) letters: (22) letters

‫خۤصۤضۤغۤطۤقۤظ‬
ࣱ‫خص ضغط ق‬ All the rest of the Arabic letters
A strong characteristic A weak characteristic

Note..
The elevation characteristic causes
heaviness (Tafkheem) in the letter`s sound.
The lowering characteristic causes

lightness(Tarqeeq) in the letter`s sound.
Among the remaining letters of lowering, The letter Raa (ُ)

two of them (previously studied in basic Tajweed)
have a special status because they are
The letter Laam (‫ )ل‬in the word
sometimes heavy and sometimes light: (‫)هللا‬

there are 5 levels of tafkheem (for imam Al jazary). These are:
1. Isti‘laa letter has a fat-ha on it and followed by an alif madd.
2. Isti‘laa letter has a fat-ha on it but not followed by alif madd.
3. Isti‘laa letter has a dammah on it.
4. Isti‘laa letter has a sukoon on it.
5. Isti‘laa letter has a kasrah under it.

According to the compression of the sound
The adhesion
‫اإلطباق‬ The openness
‫النفتاح‬

The adhesion The openness
(itbaq) (Infitah)
the sound is compressed between the tongue the sound is not compressed between the
and the roof of the mouth when pronouncing tongue and the roof of the mouth when
the letter. pronouncing the letter.
(4) letters: (25) letters
All the rest of the Arabic letters

‫طضصظ‬
A strong characteristic A weak characteristic

Note..
Lowering and elevation and elevation and

openness openness adhesion
According to ease of pronunciation:
The fluency
‫اإلذلق‬ The refusal
‫اإلصمات‬

The fluency The refusal
(ithlaq) (Ismat)
This pair of characteristics belongs to the Arabic morphology and has no practical
importance in Tajweed and Quran recitation, only mentioned because Imam al jazaree
included it in his poem.
(6) letters: (23) letters
All the rest of the Arabic letters

‫ف رم ن ل ب‬
Characteristics with opposite.
According to: strong weak
The whisper
The Audibility
ِ‫الهم‬
1) the flow and imprisonment of the breath ُ‫الجه‬
)‫(سكتۤفحثهۤشخص‬
The strength The in-between The softness

2) the flow and imprisonment of the sound. ‫الشدة‬ ‫البینیة‬ ‫الُخاوة‬
)‫(أجدۤقطۤبكت‬ )ُ‫(لنۤعم‬
The elevation
The lowering
3) the direction of the sound. ‫الستعلء‬
‫الستفال‬
)‫(خصَۤغطۤقظ‬
The adhesion
The openness
4) the compression of the sound. ‫اإلطباق‬
‫النفتاح‬
)‫ظ‬/‫ص‬/‫ض‬/‫(ط‬

2) Characteristics without
opposite
‫صفات ال ضد لها‬
B) Characteristics without opposite.
‫ص‬ ‫ز‬ ِ
1 Whistling (ُ‫) الصفی‬
A strong characteristic
A sharpness in the sound of the letter

due to passing through a tight passage.
Its letters are (3) :
‫ ص‬/ۤ‫ ز‬/ِۤ
‫ي‬ ‫و‬
2 The Ease (‫) اللین‬ Emitting the letter from its
A weak characteristic. articulation point easily without
effort from the tongue.
‫ ي‬/‫و‬
With a sukoon preceded by a fat-ha

ُ ‫ل‬
3 The deviation (‫) النحُاف‬ Drifting of the emitted sound of
A strong characteristic. the letter as a result of blocking its
path by the tongue.
ُ /‫ل‬

{ُ} {‫}ل‬
Sound deviates towards Sound deviates on both
the middle of the tongue sides of the tongue.
The spreading
4 (‫) التفشي‬ ‫ش‬
A strong characteristic
The spreading of the sound of ‫ش‬

letter starting from its
articulation point until it collides
with the inner plates of the
upper and lower teeth.

5
The elongation
(‫) الستطالة‬
‫ض‬
A strong characteristic.
Extending the sound from the

beginning of the side (edge)
of the tongue to the end.

6
The repetition
(ُ‫) التكُی‬ ُ
The light trilling of the tongue when

ُ
pronouncing the letter due to its tight
articulation point.
The reader should avoid much repetition by
leaving a space in the middle of the tongue`s
tip to reduce the trilling.

Qalqalah
7 ‫ب‬
(‫) القلقلة‬
‫ج‬ ‫ط‬
Disturbance in the sound of the sakin letter
‫د‬ as a result of the sudden parting between the
two articulation parts immediately after
‫ق‬
collision.
‫ د‬/ۤ‫ ج‬/ۤ‫ ب‬/ۤ‫ ط‬/ۤ‫ق‬
Levels of Qalqalah
Greater Qalqalah Lesser Qalqalah
‫كیى‬ِ ‫قلَقلة‬ ‫قلَقلة صغرى‬
When the reader stops on a If the letter of Qalqalah is in
Qlaqalah letter (original the middle of a word or
sukoon or due to stopping) words.

Note..
Other scholars divided Qalqalah into 3 levels:
The lesser:
in the middle of the word.
The greater:
last letter of the word.
The greatest:
when last letter of the word is mushaddad.

Mistakes that occur when performing Qalqalah
1.Mixing its sound with one of

the three short vowels.
2.Ending its sound with a

Hamza.
3.Stretching its sound.
4.Cutting off the letter of

Qalqalah from the following
one.
8 The Nasalization.
(‫) الغنة‬
A Strong characteristic.
‫م‬ ‫ن‬
A nasal sound that is emitted from
the nose.
This is a required characteristic of the
two letters (‫)ن‬and(‫)م‬.
The ghunnah cannot be separated
from these two letters and is an
inherent part of their makeup.

The four levels of Ghunnah durations:
1. Most complete:
Noon or Meem
mushaddadah and merged.
2. Complete:
In concealed Noon and
Meem.
3. Incomplete:
Noon and Meem with
sukoon or appearance.
4. Most incomplete:
Voweled Noon and
Meem.
Characteristics of Arabic letters
(11) Strong characteristics (5) Weak characteristics

Jahr Shiddah Isti`la' Hams Rakhawah
(Audibility) (Strength) (elevation)
(whisper) (softness)
Itbaq Safir Qalqalah
(adhering) (whistling) (echoing)
Istifal Infitah
Inhiraf Takrir Tafashy (lowering) (openness)
(drifting) (repetition) (spreading)
Leen
Istitalah Ghunnah
(lengthening) (nasalization) (easiness)
Strength
Each Arabic degree of the
letter has 5 to letter depends
7 on the number
characteristics. of strong
characteristics
of it.

Practical
application
4) Determine the
degree of
strength
1) Choose a letter
2) Mention its 3) Mention all its of the letter
from the Arabic
articulation point characteristics. based on
letters
the number of
its strong
characteristics.

Rules based on the 4
relationship
between two
meeting letters.
‫الُالقات ن‬
‫بٕى الحروف الُربية‬
A) According to both the articulation point and the characteristics, the
relationships between the Arabic letters are divided into :
The two(alike) The two similar The two close The two far
identical letters. letters. letters.
letters. )‫(المتجانسان‬ )‫(المتقاُبان‬ )‫(المتباعدان‬
)‫(المتماثلن‬ Have the same Close to each Far from each
Have the same A.P but differ in other in the other in the
A.P and some A.P. A.P and differ in

characteristics. characteristics. characteristics.
)ُ،‫ك) (ل‬،‫(ق‬
)‫ك‬،‫ب) (ك‬،‫(ب‬ )‫ت‬،‫ظ) (د‬،‫(ذ‬ )‫غ‬،‫ع) (م‬،‫(ن‬
B) According to the vowel of the two meeting letters , the relationship between them is
described as :
Small (sagheer) Big (Kabeer) Absolute (Mutlaq)

)ُ‫(صغی‬ )ُ‫(كبی‬ )‫(مطلق‬
First one is Sakin and the Both letters are voweled. First one is voweled and the
second one is second one
Voweled. )‫هـ‬،‫ﭘﭙ ﭚ(هـ‬ is sakin
)‫ب‬،‫ﭜ ﭝ(ب‬ )‫د‬،‫ﭖ(د‬

)‫ب‬،‫ﭝ ﭞ(م‬
)‫و‬،‫ﮢ(ب‬ )‫هـ‬،‫ﯦ(ء‬
)‫ك‬،‫ﭨ(ق‬
)‫ل‬،‫ﰉ(س‬ )‫ذ‬،‫ﭩ(ت‬
)‫ح‬،‫ﯧ ﯨ(ن‬
)‫هـ‬،‫ﮏ(ن‬ )‫س‬،‫ﮛ(ع‬
Mutamathilan mutlaq.
‫ﭖ‬ ‫ د) متماثالن مطلق‬، ‫(د‬
Mutamathilan sagheer.
‫ﭜﭝ‬ )‫ب‬
َ ، ‫متماثالن صغير(ب‬
Mutaqariban Kabeer.
‫ ﯯ‬/‫ﭨ‬ ‫ ذَ) متقاربان كبير‬، ‫ت‬
َ ( )‫ ُك‬، َ‫(ق‬
Mutaba`edan mutlaq.
‫ﮛ‬ ‫ س) متباعدان مطلق‬، ‫ع‬
َ (
5

Some relationships between Arabic letters cause insertion (Idgham) for certain
cases.
(for Imam Hafs)
Idgham is required in all cases of Mutamathilan sagheer

(ُ‫)متماثلنۤصغی‬.
Idgham is required in seven(7) cases of Mutajanisan sagheer

(ُ‫)متجانسانۤصغی‬.
Idgham is required in four (4) cases of Mutaqariban sagheer

(ُ‫)متقاُبانۤصغی‬.

Idgham is required in all cases of Mutamathilan sagheer(ُ‫)متماثلنۤصغی‬

Idgham is required in seven(7) cases of Mutajanisan sagheer(ُ‫)متجانسانۤصغی‬

Note
insertion of (‫ )ط‬into (‫)ت‬:
it is an incomplete Idgham because a strong letter cannot be
completely merged into a weak one.
The reciter adheres the tongue on (‫ )ط‬with no Qalqalah then
removes it on a voweled (‫)ت‬.
In case of incomplete insertion, the second letter has no shadda.

Idgham is required in four (4) cases of Mutaqariban sagheer(ُ‫)متقاُبانۤصغی‬

Incomplete idgham Complete idgham
• First letter carries nothing. • First letter carries nothing.
• Second letter has no shadda. • Second letter carries a shadda.
• First letter is stronger than the second one, so • First letter is completely merged into
some characteristics of it are preserved. the second one.
• Three cases only: • All cases apart from the three cases of
1. insertion of (‫ )ط‬into (‫)ت‬ incomplete idgham.
‫ﮟ‬ ‫ﯝﯞ ﯟ‬
2. insertion of (‫ )ن‬into (‫)و‬ ‫ﮙﮚ‬
‫ﯺﯻ‬ ‫ﭥﭦ‬
‫ﭞﭟ‬
3. insertion of (‫ )ن‬into (‫)ي‬
‫ﭒﭓ‬/‫ﮇﮈ‬ ‫ﭞ‬

Practice..
Mention the
relationship
between the
highlighted
letters

Practice..
Mention the
relationship
between the
highlighted
letters

Mention the reason for Idgham in the following examples:
‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮚ‬ ‫ﯜ‬ ‫ﰓﰔ‬
‫ﰃﰄ‬ ‫ﮭﮮ‬ ‫ﮗ‬ ‫ﰀﰁ‬
‫ﮖﮗ‬ ‫ﮨﮩ‬ ‫ﮟ‬ ‫ﯧﯨ‬

Mention the reason for Idgham in the following examples:
‫ﮝﮞ‬ ‫ﮆﮇ‬ ‫ﮤ‬ ‫ﭠﭡ‬
‫ﭸ‬ ‫ﭓﭔ‬ ‫ﭒ‬ ‫ﮒ‬
‫ﮄﮅ‬ ‫ﮮﮯ‬ ‫ﰁﰂ‬ ‫ﰁ‬

Hamzatul wasl
6 (Reaching/Connecting Hamza)
‫أحكا ُمَهمز ِةَالوص ِلَ فيَكتابَهللاَج َّلَوعال‬

▪️Hamzatul Wasl name, shape and
importance.
▪️When do we pronounce/drop it?
▪️Why Hamzatul Wasl has no written

vowel?
▪️Easy way to start correctly without

knowing the meaning.
▪️ Special pronunciation for some words.

148
Shape of Hamzatul Wasl in
the Qura’nic writing
Alif letter carries very small

(s’aad) head shape
Name and Meaning
Can be expressed in two names:
•Hamzatul wasl )‫(همزة الوصل‬
Hamza: due to its sound in case of being pronounced.
•Aliful Wasl )‫(ألف الوصل‬

Alif: because it is written in the form of the letter Alif.
Importance
Hamzatul Wasl (as a vowel) is placed at the beginning of

words that begin with a consonant in order to reach the
pronunciation of this consonant in case of starting with
this word.
‫ ألكــ ُك ك َب ٰى‬/ ‫ أ كذ َه كب‬/ ‫أ كهـ َتدَ و ۟إ‬

❑ When do we pronounce Hamzatul-wasl and
when do we drop (skip) it?
Skipped in case of keeping Pronounced only if the reader

reading. starts with it.
)if the reader doesn’t start with it(
َۤ ُ‫ۡٱلـقـ َ ِا‬
ُ‫ع ۤة‬
ۤ‫س ٰـ ُن‬ ِۤ ۡ ُ‫ـ‬
َۤ ‫ٱإلن‬ ُ ‫یَت َ َذ َّكـ‬ ۡ
‫ٱس ِۤم‬ ۡ ۡ
ۤ ‫ٱق َُأِۤۤب‬

❑ Why Hamzatul Wasl has no vowel?
Hamzatul Wasl takes the sound of )ۤ‫ ِء‬/ۤ‫ ُء‬/ۤ‫( َء‬

according to the type of the word.

If the reader cannot determine the type of the
word, how can he/she determine the correct
vowel for Hamzatul-Wasl?

‫ون‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ُ‬ ‫نظ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َ‬
‫َل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ُون‬
‫ِ‬ ‫د‬‫ی‬ ‫ك‬
‫ِ‬ ‫م‬‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬‫ۤ‬ ‫عوا ُ‬
‫ش َر َك َ‬ ‫قُ ِل ۡٱد ُ‬
‫سعۡ ࣰیاۚ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ع ُه َّن یَأتِین ََك َ‬ ‫ث ُ َّم ۡٱد ُ‬
‫ع لَنَا َرب ََّك یُبَ ِین لَّنَا َما ِه َۚ‬

‫ی‬ ‫قَالُوا ۡٱد ُ‬
‫ࣰ‬ ‫ۡ ࣰ‬
‫ون َو ُُ ۡل ِِلُوا ُِلَِ اࣰ َ‬
‫ش ِدیدا‬ ‫ی ۡٱل ُُ ۡۡ ِمنُ َ‬ ‫ُهنَا ِل َك ۡٱبت ُ ِل َ‬
‫ش َهدَ ۤا ۚ َء‬
‫علَ ۡی ِه ُ‬
‫ٱَّللِ َو َكانُوا َ‬
‫ب َّ‬ ‫ٱست ُ ۡح ِف ُ‬
‫ظوا ِمن ِكت َ ٰـ ِ‬ ‫ِب َُا ۡ‬
‫ور ُك ۡم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬‫م‬ ‫س‬‫ۡ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ب‬‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫َق‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ظ‬ ‫ٱن‬ ‫وا‬‫ُ‬ ‫ن‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ین‬‫یِذ‬‫َّ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ـ‬‫َ‬ ‫ق‬‫ف‬‫ـ‬‫َ‬ ‫ن‬‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫یَ ۡو َم یَقُو ُل ُ ٰ ِ َ َ ُ ٰ ِ ٰ ِ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ٱل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫ُ‬ ‫ق‬‫ف‬‫ـ‬‫َ‬ ‫ن‬‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ٱل‬
‫ق ۡٱۡل َ ۡر ِ‬
‫ض َما لَ َها ِمن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ش َج َر ٍة َخ ِبیث َ ٍة ۡ‬
‫ٱجت ُث‬ ‫َو َمث َ ُل َك ِل َُ ٍة َخ ِبیثَةࣲ َك َ‬
‫قَ َر ࣲار‬
‫ض َربُوا لَ َك ۡٱۡل َ ۡمث َ ٰـ َل‬ ‫ف َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ی‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ظ‬ ‫ٱن‬
‫ع ٰـ ِقبَةُ ۡٱل ُُ َك ِیِذ ِب َ‬

‫ین‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬
‫َ‬ ‫ا‬‫ك‬‫َ‬ ‫ف‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ی‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ظ‬ ‫ٱن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ َّ‬‫ث‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ٱۡل‬ ‫قُ ۡل ِس ُ‬
‫یروا فِی‬
‫ظ ۡرنَا َو ۡ‬
‫ٱس َُعُوا‬ ‫یَ ٰۤـأَیو َها ٱلَّ ِیِذ َ‬
‫ین َءا َمنُوا ࣰَ تَقُولُوا َر ٰ ِعنَا َوقُولُوا ٱن ُ‬
If there is no Laam after Hamzatul-Wasl and the
third letter doesn’t carry damma so hamzatul wasl
should be pronounced with kasrah sound (ۤ‫)ء‬.
ِ

‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡٱُع َۡوۤا‬ ‫ٱست َ ۡعۤلَ ٰىۤ‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ٱت َّ َخ ۤذَ‬
‫بۡ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ٱذه ۤ‬
‫ۡٱثنَت َۡۤی ِنۤ‬ ‫ٱست َ َزۤلَّ ُه ُمۤ‬

‫ۡ‬ ‫ٱن َطلَ َ‬
‫قۤ‬ ‫ٱت َّ ِب ۡعۤ‬
‫ۡٱُ ِجعُواۤ‬ ‫ۡ‬

‫ٱخش َۡو ِنۤ‬ ‫ۡٱم َُأَةٌۤ‬ ‫ٱست َ ۡكۤبَ ُۡت ُ ۡۤم‬
‫ۡ‬
‫ۡٱبنَت َ َّیۤ‬
Unlike the mentioned steps there are some words
that should be started with Hamza kasrah(ۤ‫)ء‬
ِ
sound, Although they have laam letter after
Hamzatul Wasl or the third letter carries damma.
These words should be memorized to avoid
reading mistakes

10 words start with kasrah unlike the
mentioned steps.
‫ٱمۡ ُرؤا‬ َ ۡ
‫ٱلت َقى‬ ُ ‫ۡٱق‬
‫ض ۤوا‬
ۡ
‫ٱس ُمهُۥ‬ ۡ
‫ٱلت َقَت َا‬ ُ ۡ‫ٱم‬
‫شوا‬
‫ۡٱب ُن‬
ۡ
‫ٱس ُم‬ ُ‫ۡٱلت َقَ ۡيت ۡم‬ ‫ۡٱبنُوا‬
‫علَ ۡی ِهۤ ِإنۤكُنتُمۤ ِبـَٔاۤیَ ٰـ ِت ِه ۤ ُم ۡؤ ِم ِن َ‬
‫ینۤ}‬ ‫ٱّلۤ َ‬
‫ٱس ُۤم َّ ِ‬ ‫{ فَ ُكلُوا ِ‬
‫ۤم َّماۤذُ ِك َُۤ ۡ‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ࣰ‬ ‫ٱس ُمهُ ۡ‬

‫ۤو ِم َنۤٱل ُمقَ َُّ ِب َ‬
‫ینۤ}‬ ‫اخ َُ ِة َ‬
‫اۤوٱلـَٔ ِ‬
‫ۤو ِجیهاۤفِیۤٱلدُّنۤیَ َ‬ ‫سىۤ ۡٱب ُۤ‬
‫ن َم ُۡیَ َم َ‬ ‫سی ُحۤ ِعی َ‬
‫ۤٱل َم ِ‬ ‫‪ۡ ...‬‬

Summary for )ۤ‫( َء‬
[Hamzatul Wasl] rules
If followed by the letter Laam )‫(ل‬
)ۤ‫( ُء‬
Starting with it If not followed by Laam and third letter carries damma
)ۤ‫(ء‬
ِ
If not followed by Laam and third letter has no damma
+
10 mentioned words
)×(
Not starting with it
Skipped and not pronounced.

7

8
The Meeting of two [sakin] letters.
‫الحرفٕى الساكنٕىن‬
‫ن‬ ‫التَقاء‬

A) The Meeting of two [sakin] letters in one word.
It is allowed to keep sukoon for two meeting letters

within the same word while reciting the Glorious Quran.
First one is a [madd] or Second one is [sakin]
[leen] letter. due to stopping.

B( The Meeting of two [sakin] letters in between two
words.
The Meeting of two [sakin] letters in between two words should be

avoided while reciting the Glorious Quran.
The reciter avoids that by one of the following ways
Dropping the first one in case of Adding a vowel [kasrah for Hafs]to
being a [madd] letter. the first one in case of being a
[tanween].

The Meeting of two [sakin]
Qura’nic examples.. letters in between two words.
‫ﭒﭓ‬ ‫ﭛﭜ‬
‫ﭧﭨ‬ ‫ﯓﯔ‬
‫ﮀﮁ‬ ‫ﭴﭵ‬
‫ﮡﮢ‬ ‫ﮑﮒ‬ ‫ﭑﭒ‬
‫ﭵﭶ‬ ‫ﯥﯦ‬ ‫ﯜﯝ‬

‫ﭣﭤ‬ ‫ﯖﯗ ﯘ‬ ‫ﮃﮄ‬
‫ﮢﮣ‬ ‫ﯥﯦ‬ ‫ﮧﮨ‬

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Rules of Madd [lengthening].

Articulation points of the Arabic letters.

characteristics of the Arabic letters.

the relationships between letters.

Rules of Hamzatul wasl.

Special pronunciation for some words.

Meeting of two sakin letters.

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 2

‫َّ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ُ‬

Lengthening the sound

Waw Madd Yaa Madd

َ‫َيَقُو ُل‬ َ‫قِي َل‬

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 6

‫ۡل ِم كن َأنۢ َب ۤا ِء ألك َغ كی ِب ن ُو ِحهیَ ۤا إلَ كی َ َۖك َما ُك َ‬

‫نُـو ِحیـ َهاۤ‬

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 8

Secondary Madd due to

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 9

The letter of Pronounced

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 10

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 11

‫‪Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 13

A) Applied in case of joining and stopping.

C) Applied in case B) Applied in case

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 14

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 15

‫ﮙ‬ ‫ﯡ‬ ‫ﭵ‬ ‫ﯝ‬

‫ﭹ‬ ‫ﭓ‬ ‫ﮃ‬ ‫ﭾ‬

‫ﯓ‬ ‫ﭱ‬ ‫ﭔ‬ ‫ﭑ‬

‫ﯺ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﭢ‬ ‫ﮣ‬

‫ﭵ‬ ‫ﭶ‬ ‫ﭟ‬ ‫ﯕ‬

‫ﯲ‬ ‫ﯡ‬ ‫ﯸ‬ ‫ﮟ‬

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 19

‫ورة ُ َم ۡريَ َم‪]١ :‬‬

‫ورة ُ يس‪]١ :‬‬

‫الز ۡخ ُرف‪]١ :‬‬

It follows the natural

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 22

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 23

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 24

‫{ لَّ ٰـ ِكنَّاۤ ُه َو َّۤ‬

‫‪Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫س َلۤ‬ ‫سلَ ٰـ ِ‬ ‫َ‬

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 28

The lesser connecting Madd. ۤ‫مدۤالصلةۤالصغُى‬

A word ends with (‫ )ه‬letter & followed by ‫ۥ‬ or

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 29

A) Applied in case of B) Applied in case of C) Applied in case of

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 33

The joined The Separated The Greater

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 35

• It is called required Madd because it is required to

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 36

‫ﯤ‬ ‫ﭖ‬ ‫ﮰ‬ ‫ﭔ‬

‫ﯔ‬ ‫ﮪ‬ ‫ﮈ‬ ‫ﯙ‬

‫ﯵ‬ ‫ﭺ‬ ‫ﭑ‬ ‫ﮁ‬

‫ﯟ‬ ‫ﯪ‬ ‫ﭔ‬ ‫ﯚ‬

‫ﭔ‬ ‫ﮞ‬ ‫ﮙ‬ ‫ﮑ‬

‫ﯸ‬ ‫ﰔ‬ ‫ﯗ‬ ‫ﯕ‬

• It is called Allowed Madd because reciters disagree

Amira Sami Al-Omairy / Advanced Tajweed 39