ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Matrix Methods for Structural Analysis (CENG-6503)

Assignment-2b
Basic Stiffness Methods

Prepared by Name ID.No.

Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

Submitted to: Dr.ing Bedilu Habte

Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

1. Analyze the truss using the basic stiffness methods.

Solution
Use;
 𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟(𝑁) = 29
 𝑃 = 2.5𝑁𝑘𝑁 = 29𝑘𝑁
 𝑐 = 0.1𝑁 = 0.1 ∗ 29 = 2.9𝑚
 𝑏 = 0.12𝑁 = 0.12 ∗ 29 = 3.48𝑚
 𝑎 = 0.15𝑁 = 0.15 ∗ 29 = 4.35𝑚
 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
 𝐸 = 70𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝐴 = 4,000𝑚𝑚2

1 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

The length of 24 or member 3=𝐿3 = √(𝑏 + 𝑐)2 + 𝑎2 =√(3.48 + 2.9)2 + 4.352

𝐿3 = √59.627 = 7.72 𝑚

The length of 12 or member 2=𝐿2 = √𝑏2 + 𝑎2 =√3.482 + 4.352

𝐿2 = √31.033 = 5.57𝑚

The length of 34 or member 4=𝐿4 = √𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 =√2.92 + 4.352

𝐿4 = √27.33 = 5.23𝑚
The length of 12 or member 1=𝐿1 = 𝑎 = 0.15𝑁 = 0.15 ∗ 29 = 4.35𝑚
The length of 23 or member 5=𝐿5 = 𝑏 = 0.12 ∗ 𝑁 = 0.12 ∗ 29 = 3.48𝑚
Step 1: Determination of kinematic indeterminacy and create a basic/restrained structure.
 The number of equilibrium equations required at each joint=2
 Total number of equilibrium equations required=2j=2*4=8
 Available number reactions=5
 Degree of kinetic indeterminacy= (Total number of equilibrium equation
required- Available number of reactions) =8-5=3
 The truss is kinematic indeterminate to the 3rd degree.

4.35m

3.48m 2.9m

Fig.1.1 Basic/Retrained structure of the given Truss

Step 2: Determination of stiffness coefficient by using a unit displacement at each degree
of freedom.

2 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

Dj3 Dj2

Dj1

4.35m

3.48m 2.90m

Figure 1.2 the assignment of the possible displacements/translation at each joints.

S13 s12
2 3 1
5 s11

4.35m 1

r
α ß 4
1 3.48m 2.9m

Fig 1.3 Stiffness of truss due to unit displacement at Dj1=1

Where;
3.48 4.35
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼 = , 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼 = ,
5.57 5.5
2.9 + 3.48 6.38 4.35
𝐶𝑜𝑠ß = = , 𝑆𝑖𝑛ß = ,
7.72 7.72 7.72
2.9 4.35
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑟 = , 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑟 =
5.23 5.23

3 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

T1=T3=0 (no translation/displacement)

𝑇5 ∗ 𝐿5
ᵟ5 = = 1
𝐴𝐸

𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝑇5 = =
𝐿5 3.48
𝑇5 = 0.287𝐴𝐸
𝑇2 ∗ 𝐿2
ᵟ2 = = 1 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
𝐴𝐸
(3.48) 𝐴𝐸 3.48 𝐴𝐸
𝑇2 = ∗ = ∗ =
5.57 𝐿2 5.57 5.57
𝑇2 = 0.112𝐴𝐸
𝑇4 ∗ 𝐿4 2.9
ᵟ4 = = −1 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑟 = 1 ∗
𝐴𝐸 5.23

2.9 𝐴𝐸
𝑇4 = − ∗ = −0.106𝐴𝐸
5.23 5.23
S21
Y
T5 S11
X
T2 T4
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0,𝑠11 − 𝑇5 − 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑇4 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑟 = 0
𝑠11 = 𝑇5 + 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 − 𝑇4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
3.48 2.9
𝑠11 = 0.287𝐴𝐸 + 0.112𝐴𝐸 ∗ − (−0.1061𝐴𝐸 ∗ )
5.57 5.23
𝑆11 = 0.416𝐴𝐸
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0,𝑠21 − 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 𝑇4 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟 = 0
4.35 4.35
𝑆21 = 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 𝑇4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟 = 0.112𝐴𝐸 ∗ + (−0.1061𝐴𝐸 ∗ )
5.57 5.23
𝑠12 = −0.000696𝐴𝐸
𝑠13 = 0, b/c there is no action along DOF Dj1 is required to cause displacement/
translation along Dj3 due to a unit displacement Dj1=1

4 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

S22
S23
S21
2 1
5 3

4.35m 1

r
α ß 4
1 3.48m 2.9m

Fig 1.4 Stiffness of truss due to unit displacement at Dj2=1

T1=T3=T5=0 (no translation)
𝑇2 ∗ 𝐿2
ᵟ2 = = 1 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸 4.35
𝑇2 = ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = ∗
𝐿2 5.57 5.57
𝑇2 = 0.140𝐴𝐸
𝑇4 ∗ 𝐿4 4.35
ᵟ4 = = 1 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟 = 1 ∗
𝐴𝐸 5.23

4.35 𝐴𝐸
𝑇4 = ∗ = 0.159𝐴𝐸
5.23 5.23
S22
Y
T5=0 21
X
T2 T4
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0,𝑠21 − 𝑇5 − 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑇4 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑟 = 0
𝑠21 = 𝑇5 + 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 − 𝑇4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

5 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

3.48 2.9
𝑠21 = 0 + 0.140𝐴𝐸 ∗ − (0.159𝐴𝐸 ∗ )
5.57 5.23
𝑆21 = −0.000696𝐴𝐸
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0,𝑠22 − 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 𝑇4 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟 = 0
𝑠22 = 𝑇2 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 𝑇4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟
4.35 4.35
𝑠22 = 0.140𝐴𝐸 ∗ + (0.159𝐴𝐸 ∗ )
5.57 5.23
𝑠22 = 0.242𝐴𝐸
𝑠23 = 0, b/c there is no action along DOF Dj2 is required to cause displacement/
translation along Dj3 due to a unit displacement Dj2=1.
S33
S32
2 1
5 3 S31

4.35m 1

r
α ß 4
1 3.48m 2.9m

Fig 1.4 Stiffness of truss due to unit displacement at Dj3=1

T4=T2=T5=0 (no translation)
𝑇1 ∗ 𝐿1
ᵟ1 = = 1
𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝑇1 = =
𝐿1 4.35
𝑇1 = 0.230𝐴𝐸
𝑇3 ∗ 𝐿3 2.9 + 3.48 6.38
ᵟ3 = = 1 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ß = 1 ∗ =
𝐴𝐸 7.72 7.72

6.38 𝐴𝐸
𝑇3 = ∗ = 0.106𝐴𝐸
7.72 7.72

6 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

S33
Y
T5
X
T3
T1

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0,𝑠33 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇3 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ß = 0
𝑠33 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇3𝑠𝑖𝑛ß
4.35
𝑠33 = 0.230𝐴𝐸 + (0.106𝐴𝐸 ∗ )
7.72
𝑠33 = 0.290𝐴𝐸
𝑠31 = 𝑠32 = 0, b/c there is no action along DOF Dj1 and Dj2 is required to cause
displacement/ translation along Dj3 due to a unit displacement Dj3=1
Then, the coefficient stiffness matrix S
0.416 −0.000696 0
𝑆 = 𝐴𝐸 [−0.000696 0.242 0 ]
0 0 0.290
Step 3: Determination action at possible displacement.

𝐴𝑗1 = 2𝑃 = 2 ∗ 2.5𝑁 = 2.5 ∗ 29 = 145. 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑗2 = −𝑃 = −2.5 ∗ 29 = −72.5𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑗 = −𝑃 = −2.5 ∗ 29 = −72.5𝑘𝑁
Then, Action forces in matric form
𝐴𝑗1 145
[𝐴𝑗2] = [−72.5]
𝐴𝑗3 −72.5
Step 4: Apply equilibrium equation

[𝐴𝑗] = [𝑆]𝑥[𝐷𝑗]
𝐷𝑗 = 𝑆 −1 ∗ 𝐴𝑗
𝐷𝑗1 𝑠11 𝑠12 𝑠13 −1 𝐴𝑗1
[𝐷𝑗2] = [𝑠21 𝑠22 𝑠23] ∗ [𝐴𝑗2]
𝐷𝑗3 𝑠31 𝑠32 𝑠33 𝐴𝑗3
𝐷𝑗1 −1
1 0.416 −0.000696 0 145
[𝐷𝑗2 ] = ( [−0.0000696 0.242 0 ]) ∗ [−72.5]
𝐷𝑗3 𝐴𝐸
0 0 0.290 −72.5

7 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

By using octave, we can obtain the displacement

𝐷𝑗1
1 348.06
[𝐷𝑗2] = [−298.59]
𝐷𝑗3 𝐴𝐸
−299.59

Computation of each member force by using the above-computed result and inserting
it in Excel cell. Finally obtain the member force of the given structural truss.

Member Ti1j1*AE Dj1/AE Ti1j1*Ds1 Ti2j2*AE Dj2/AE Ti2j2*Ds2 Ti3j3*AE Dj3/AE Ti3j3*Ds3 Sum(KN)

1 0.000 348.060 0.000 0.000 -298.590 0.000 0.230 -299.590 -68.906 -68.91
2 0.112 348.060 38.983 0.140 -298.590 -41.803 0.000 -29.489 0.000 -2.82
3 0.000 348.060 0.000 0.000 -298.590 0.000 0.106 -29.489 -3.126 -3.13
4 -0.106 348.060 -36.894 0.159 -298.590 -47.476 0.000 -29.489 0.000 -84.37
5 0.171 348.060 59.518 0.000 -298.590 0.000 0.000 -29.489 0.000 59.52

Finally, the member force are;

𝑀1 = −68.91𝑘𝑁
𝑀2 = −2.82𝑘𝑁
𝑀3 = −3.13𝑘𝑁
𝑀4 = −84.37𝑘𝑁
𝑀5 = 59.52𝑘𝑁

8 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

2. Analyze the beam using the basic stiffness method.

Use;
 𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟(𝑁) = 29
 𝑀 = 𝑁𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 29𝑘𝑁𝑚
 𝑊 = 𝑁 = 29𝑘𝑁
 𝐿1 = 0.15𝑁𝑚 = 0.15 ∗ 29 = 4.35𝑚
 𝐿2 = 0.1𝑁 = 0.1 ∗ 29 = 2.9𝑚
 𝐸 = 200,000𝑀𝑃𝑎
 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 200 ∗ 106 𝑚𝑚6 , 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 50 ∗ 106 𝑚𝑚6
 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 4𝐼𝑏𝑐
Step1. Determination of kinematic indeterminacy and create a basic/restrained structure. .
𝑁𝑜. 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑟) = 7,
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 3,
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑐) = 0
 The number of equilibrium equations required at each joint=3
 Total number of equilibrium equations required=3j=3*3=9
 Available number reactions=7
 Number of conditional equations, c=0

9 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

 Degree of kinetic indeterminacy= (Total number of equilibrium equation required-

Available number of reactions +c ) =9-(5+0)=2
 The beam is kinematic indeterminate to the 2nd degree. Though, there is no applied
axial load the horizontal translation will be zero. So, we consider the rotation only
at node 2. Then, the given structural beam is kinematically indeterminate to the 1st
degree.
Dj

L1=4.35m L2=2.9m

Fig.2.1 Basic/Restrained structure for the given beam

Step2 Determination of Equivalent nodal loads and fixed end action at each nodal points.

W=29kN M=29kN
a c
L1=4.35m b L2=2.9m

Fig.2.2 the given beam with the applied load.

63.075kN 63.075kN 0kN 0kN

M=45.729kN M=45.729kN
0kNm 0kNm
W=29kN
a c
b
L1=4.35m L2=2.9m

Fig.2.3 the Fixed End Action of the given beam.

63.075kN 63.075kN 0kN
45.729kNm
74.729kNm 0kNm
a b c
L1=4.35m L2=2.9m

Fig.2.4 Equivalent nodal loads of the given beam.

Step 3: Determination of stiffness coefficient by using a unit displacement at degree of
freedom.

10 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

4𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏 4𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 1 2𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐

+ 𝐿2
𝐿1 𝐿2
a c
a 2𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏 b
𝐿1

6𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏
6𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 6𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏 6𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
𝐿12 −
𝐿22 𝐿12 𝐿22

Fig 2.5 Stiffness of beam due to unit displacement at Dj=1.

4𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏 4𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
𝑆𝜃𝜃 = +
𝐿1 𝐿2
Where; 𝐿1 = 4.35𝑚, 𝐿2 = 2.9𝑚, 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐
4𝐸 ∗ 4𝐼𝑏𝑐 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
𝑆𝜃𝜃 = +
4.35 2.9
16𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
𝑆𝜃𝜃 = +
4.35 2.9
10150𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
𝑆𝜃𝜃 =
2523
Step 4: Determination action at possible displacement.
𝐴𝑗 = 74.729𝑘𝑁𝑚
Step 5: Apply the equilibrium equation at the degree of freedom.
𝑆𝜃𝜃 ∗ 𝐷𝑗 = 𝐴𝑗
𝐴𝑗 74.729 74.729 ∗ 2523
𝐷𝑗 = = =
𝑆𝜃𝜃 10150𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 10150𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
2523
18.58
𝐷𝑗 =
𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
2𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏 2 ∗ 4𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 18.58
𝑀𝑎 = 45.729𝑘𝑁𝑚 + ∗ 𝐷𝑗 = 45.729 + ∗
𝐿 4.35 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
2 ∗ 4 ∗ 18.58 148.64
𝑀𝑎 = 45.729 + = 45.729 +
4.35 4.35
𝑀𝑎 = 79.90𝑘𝑁𝑚
11 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte
November 2023
Assignment 2.b Basic stiffness Method Gebyaw Amare GSR/3764/15

6𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏 6 ∗ 4𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 18.58

𝑅𝑎𝑦 = 63.075 + ∗ 𝐷𝑗 = 63.075 + ∗
𝐿12 4.352 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
6 ∗ 4 ∗ 18.58
= 63.075 +
4.352
𝑅𝑎𝑦 = 86.64𝑘𝑁
6𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 6𝐸𝐼𝑎𝑏
𝑅𝑏𝑦 = 63.075 + ∗ 𝐷𝑗 − ∗ 𝐷𝑗
𝐿22 𝐿12
6𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 18.58 6 ∗ 4𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 18.58
𝑅𝑏𝑦 = 63.075 + ∗ − ∗
2.92 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 4.352 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐
6 ∗ 18.58 6 ∗ 4 ∗ 18.58
𝑅𝑏 = 63.075 + −
2.92 4.352
𝑅𝑏 = 63.075 − 10.31𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑏𝑦 = 52.77𝑘𝑁
2𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 18.58 2 ∗ 18.58
𝑀𝑐 = 0 − ∗ 𝐷𝑗 = −2 ∗ ∗ =−
𝐿2 2.9 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 2.9
𝑀𝑐 = −12.81𝑘𝑁𝑚
6𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 18.58 6 ∗ 18.58
𝑅𝑐𝑦 = 0 − ∗ 𝐷𝑗 = −6 ∗ ∗ = −
𝐿22 2.92 𝐸𝐼𝑏𝑐 2.92
𝑅𝑐 = −13.26𝑘𝑁
Therefore, the reaction forces are: -
@ Node -a
𝑅𝑎𝑥 = 0𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑎𝑦 = 86.64𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑎 = 79.90𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
@ Node –b
𝑅𝑏𝑦 = 52.765𝑘𝑁
@ Node-c
𝑅𝑐𝑥 = 0𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑐𝑦 = 13.26𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑐 = 12.81𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

12 Submmitted to:- Dr.Ing Bedilu Habte

November 2023