SECTION (6)-2

Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 1

Example: In a rectangular channel given in the figure, the velocity is 5 m/s.
a) Determine if hydraulic jump will occur in this channel.
b) If hydraulic jump occurs, what will be the depth of water after the jump?
Calculate the head loss due to the hydraulic jump.
𝑄 = 𝑉 × 𝐴 = 5 × 0.5 × 3 = 𝟕. 𝟓 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

3 7.5 2
3
𝑦𝑐 = = 0.86 𝑚 𝑦 = 0.5 𝑚 < 𝑦𝑐
9.81
A hydraulic jump will occur when the flow changes from the
supercritical to subcritical flow. The water depth of the subcritical
flow at the same energy level;

𝑦1 𝑦1 2 2𝑞 2 0.5 0.52 2 × 2.52

𝑦2 = − + + 𝑦2 = − + + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝒎
2 4 𝑔𝑦1 2 4 𝑔 × 0.5

𝑞2 2.52
𝐸1 = 𝑦1 + → 𝐸1 = 0.5 + → 𝐸1 = 1.774 𝑚
2𝑔𝑦1 2 2𝑔 × 0.52
𝑞2 2.52
𝐸2 = 𝑦2 + → 𝐸2 = 1.366 + → 𝐸2 = 1.537 𝑚
2𝑔𝑦2 2 2𝑔 × 1.3662

Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 2

ℎ𝐿 = 𝐸1 − 𝐸2 = 1.774 − 1.537 ≅ 0.24 𝑚 𝑜𝑟

3
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 1.366 − 0.5 3
ℎ𝐿 = = = 0.24 𝑚
4𝑦1 𝑦2 4 × 0.5 × 1.366

Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 3

Example: While the flow rate is 40 m3/s in a rectangular cross-section channel,
hydraulic jump occurs in the channel. The water depth after the hydraulic jump is
3.0 m. Calculate the water depth before the jump and the head loss due to the
hydraulic jump. (B=5m).
𝑦2
𝑦1 = 1 + 8𝐹𝑟2 2 − 1
2
𝑉2 40
𝐹𝑟2 = 𝑉2 = = 2.67 𝑚 𝑠
𝑔𝑦2 5×3
2.67
𝐹𝑟2 = = 0.492
9.81 × 3
3 40 2
3 5
𝑦1 = 1 + 8 × 0.4922 − 1 = 1.07 𝑚 𝑦𝑐 = = 1.87 𝑚
2 9.81
The flow has changed from supercritical to subcritical.

𝑦2 − 𝑦1 3 3 − 1.07 3
ℎ𝐿 = = = 0.56 𝑚
4𝑦1 𝑦2 4 × 1.07 × 3

Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 4

Example: Find the alternate water depths
when the flow rate of q=5 m3/m/s passes
through the channel. Calculate the minimum
channel width that will not cause increasing
the upstream water depth. (E=3.00 m).
3
3.00 = 𝑦𝑐 𝑦𝑐 = 2.00 𝑚
2
2
3 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔𝑦𝐶 3 = 9.81 × 23 = 8.86 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠
𝑔
It should be 2 y deep, one less than the
𝑞 = 5 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠 < 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 8.86 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠
critical depth and the other greater.
𝑞2 52 1.274
𝐸 =𝑦+ → 3.00 = 𝑦 + → 3.00 = 𝑦 +
2𝑔𝑦 2 2𝑔𝑦 2 𝑦2

𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒔 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝒎 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟓 𝒎

𝑞 × 𝐵 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝐵𝑚𝑖𝑛 5 × 4 = 8.86 × 𝐵𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑩𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎

Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 5

Example: Since the velocity is 5 m/s in
section A of the rectangular channel with a
width of 3 m;
a) Calculate the alternate water depths
that may occur in section B, ignoring
the head losses.
b) Calculate the alternate water depths Since the flow is in supercritical in
in section B if there is a head loss of section A, it should be in subcritical in
1 m between sections A and B. section B.
3 62
𝒂) 𝑞 = 5 × 1.2 = 6 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠 𝑦𝑐 = = 1.542 𝑚 > 1.2 𝑚
9.81
52 62
𝐸𝐴 + 2.5 = 𝐸𝐵 2.5 + 1.2 + = 4.974 𝑚 4.974 = 𝑦𝐵 +
2𝑔 2𝑔 × 𝑦𝐵 2

𝒚𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟐 ≅ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 𝒎 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟗𝟖 𝒎 ≅ 𝟒. 𝟗 𝒎

52 62
𝒃) 𝐸𝐴 + 2.5 = 𝐸𝐵 + ℎ𝐿 2.5 + 1.2 + +1 4.974 = 𝑦𝐵 + +1
2𝑔 2𝑔 × 𝑦𝐵 2
𝒚𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟓 ≅ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 𝒎 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟓𝟏 𝒎 ≅ 𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝒎

Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 6

Example: The unit width flow rate in a rectangular
channel is 2.5 m3/s. Without allowing cause increasing
the upstream water depth;
a) Calculate the minimum width to be given to the
channel by narrowing the channel width without any
bump,
b) Find the maximum bump height to be given to the
channel without changing the channel width.
𝑄2 (2.5 × 4)2
𝒂) 𝐸 = 𝑦 + → 3.00 + = 3.03 𝑚
2𝑔𝐴2 2𝑔(4 × 3)2
3 3
𝐸 = 𝑦𝑐 3.03 = 𝑦𝑐 𝑦𝑐 = 2.02 𝑚
2 2
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠 = 𝑔𝑦𝐶 3 = 9.81 × 2.023 = 8.99 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠

𝑞 × 𝐵 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝐵𝑚𝑖𝑛 2.5 × 4 = 8.99 × 𝐵𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑩𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 𝒎

3 𝑞2 3 2.52
𝒃) 𝑦𝑐 = = = 0.86 𝑚
𝑔 9.81

𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1.5 𝑦𝑐 = 1.5 × 0.86 = 1.29 𝑚

∆𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐸0 − 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 3.03 − 1.29 = 1.74 𝑚 Prof. Dr. Mehmet F. Sevimli 7