NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Course Name: Dynamics of Structures

Course Instructor: Prof. Manish Kumar
Course ID: noc22_ce61
Assignment- Week 0
Number of Questions: 8
PMRF TA - Ravi Jangid
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Bombay

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Q.1 What is the general solution of the equation-

𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 = 8

Ans: The general solution of this nonhomogeneous equation has two part-
complementary solution and particular solution.
Complementary solution-
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 = 0 or − 3 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
That can be solve by –
𝐷2 − 3𝐷 − 4 𝑦 = 0;
Hence 𝑦 ≠ 0;
𝐷2 − 3𝐷 − 4 = 0;
𝐷2 − 4𝐷 + 𝐷 − 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝐷 𝐷 − 4 + 1 𝐷 − 4 = 0;
𝐷 − 4 𝐷 + 1 = 0;
𝐷 = 4, 𝐷 = −1;

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As there are two roots-
𝑦𝑐 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒 𝐷1𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝐷2𝑥
𝐷 = 4, 𝐷 = −1;
𝑦𝑐 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 4𝑥
Particular solution-
Let's consider a function which satisfies the differential equation- 𝑦 = 𝐶
Now calculate 𝑦 ′ and 𝑦 ′′ which are 𝑦 ′ = 0, 𝑦 ′′ = 0
Now put this function into differential equation- 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 = 8
Now the equation becomes - −4 𝐶 = 8 ⇒ 𝐶 = −2
Hence particular solution is 𝑦𝑝 = −2
General solution –
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 4𝑥 − 2

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Q.2 What is the general solution of the equation-

𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑒 3𝑥

Ans: The general solution of this nonhomogeneous equation has two part-
complementary solution and particular solution.
Complementary solution-
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ − 2𝑦 = 0 or − 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
That can be solve by –
𝐷2 − 𝐷 − 2 𝑦 = 0;
Hence 𝑦 ≠ 0;
𝐷2 − 𝐷 − 2 = 0;
𝐷2 − 2𝐷 + 𝐷 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝐷 𝐷 − 2 + 1 𝐷 − 2 = 0;
𝐷 − 2 𝐷 + 1 = 0;
𝐷 = 2, 𝐷 = −1;

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As there are two roots-
𝑦𝑐 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒 𝐷1𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝐷2𝑥
𝐷 = 2, 𝐷 = −1;
𝑦𝑐 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝑥
Particular solution-
Let's consider a function which satisfies the differential equation- 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 3𝑥
Now calculate 𝑦 ′ and 𝑦 ′′ which are 𝑦 ′ = 3𝐶𝑒 3𝑥 , 𝑦 ′′ = 9𝐶𝑒 3𝑥
Now put this function into differential equation- 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑒 3𝑥
Now the equation becomes -9𝐶𝑒 3𝑥 − 3𝐶𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝐶𝑒 3𝑥 = 2𝑒 3𝑥
1
𝐶𝑒 3𝑥 9𝐶 − 3𝐶 − 2𝐶 = 2𝑒 3𝑥 ⇒ 4𝐶 = 2 ⇒ 𝐶 =
2
1
Hence particular solution is 𝑦𝑝 = 2 𝑒 3𝑥
General solution –
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
1 3𝑥
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒
2
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Q.3 The bent rod shown in figure has a negligible mass and supports a 5-kg collar
at its end. Determine the static deflection (mm) in the spring for the system.

Ans: Here, spring can only transfer axial force. Let the axial force transferred by
the spring is Fx –

Take the moment about the hinge-

5 × 9.81 × 0.2 − 𝐹𝑥 × 0.1 = 0
𝐹𝑥 = 98.1N
The force develop in the spring is 98.1 N. 𝐹 = 𝐾 × 𝑥 ⇒ 98.1 = 400 × 𝑥
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟓 m = 245.2 mm
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Q.4 An electric light fixture of weight Q = 180 N is supported as shown in fig.
Determine the tensile forces S1 and S2 in the wire BA and BC if their angle of
inclination is shown as.

Ans: Free body diagram of the system –

From the engineering mechanics the relation of all the forces
are given as-
𝐹𝑄 𝐹1 𝐹2
= =
sin 75° sin 135° sin 150°
Now the force S1 or F1 in wire BA-
sin 135° 0.707
𝐹1 = 𝐹𝑄 = 180 × 0.966 = 131.74 N
sin 75°
Now the force S2 or F2 in wire BC-
sin 150° 0.5
𝐹2 = 𝐹𝑄 = 180 × 0.966 = 93.16 N
sin 75°

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Q.5 Determine the maximum acceleration (in m/s2) of a particle which moves in
simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.5 cm and a period of 0.1 sec.
Ans: Time period of the system is given as 0.1 sec.
2𝜋 2𝜋
The frequency of the system is - 𝜔𝑛 = = 0.1 = 62.83 rad/sec
𝑇𝑛

Amplitude of motion is – 0.5 cm

Acceleration is calculated by - 𝜔𝑛2 × 𝐷
0.5
𝐴 = 62.832 × = 19.73 m/sec2
100
Q.6 Determine the maximum velocity (in mm/sec) of a particle which moves in
simple harmonic motion with a maximum acceleration of 60 m/s2 and a frequency
of 40 Hz.
Ans: Frequency of the system = 40 hz = 2𝜋 × 40 = 251.32 rad/sec
Maximum acceleration is given as – 60 m/sec2
𝐴 60
Maximum velocity can be calculated by 𝑉 = = 251.32 = 0.238 m/sec = 239
𝜔𝑛
mm/sec

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Q.7 What is the maximum displacement (cm) of particle? If the one-dimensional
displacement of a particle is given by 𝑥 𝑡 = 0.5𝑒 −0.2𝑡 sin 5𝑡 m
Ans: To calculate maximum displacement first determine the value of t at which
𝑥ሶ 𝑡 = 0.
𝑥ሶ 𝑡 = 0.5 −0.2𝑒 −0.2𝑡 sin 5𝑡 + 𝑒 −0.2𝑡 5 cos 5𝑡
0.5 × 𝑒 −0.2𝑡 −0.2 sin 5𝑡 + 5 cos 5𝑡 = 0
sin 5𝑡
−0.2 sin 5𝑡 + 5 cos 5𝑡 = 0 ⇒ = 25
cos 5𝑡
1
tan 5𝑡 = 25 ⇒ 𝑡 = 5 tan−1 25 ⇒ 𝑡 = 0.3061 sec

Maximum displacement at 𝑡 = 0.3061 sec is-

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.3061 = 0.5𝑒 −0.2×0.3061 sin 5 × 0.3061 = 0.4699 m = 47 cm

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Q.8 If k1 = 2k2 = 1.8k3, where k3 = 800 N/m and a 10 mm deflection is provided to
the mass block in right side. what is the resultant force (N) generated in mass
block?

Ans: First determine the equivalent stiffness of the spring – the displacement in
each spring is same hence the equivalent stiffness is-
𝐾𝑒𝑞 = 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑘3
Let 𝑘3 = 𝑘
Then 𝑘1 = 1.8𝑘 and 𝑘2 = 0.9𝑘
Now, 𝐾𝑒𝑞 = 1.8𝑘 + 0.9𝑘 + 𝑘 = 3.7𝑘 = 3.7 × 800 = 2960 N/m
If the deflection is provided to block is 10 mm
Then the force developed in the block is- 𝐹 = 𝐾𝑒𝑞 𝑥 = 2960 × 0.01 = 29.6 N

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 THANK YOU

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