Information technology

Information technology
Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, software, networks, and other electronic
systems to store, process, transmit, and retrieve information in various forms. IT professionals design,
develop, implement, and manage these technologies to support the information needs of individuals
and organizations.

Or

Information Technology (IT) describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store,
communicate, and/or disseminate information.

• Computer Technology: The branch of IT focused on the design, development, and application of
computers and computer systems, including hardware components and software development.
• Communication Technology: The field of IT that deals with the transmission of data and
information over networks, involving networking equipment, communication protocols, and
data security measures.

How is IT being used in Education?

Information Technology (IT) is widely used in education to enhance learning experiences and improve
accessibility. Here are several ways IT is being used in education:

• Online Learning Platforms

• E-Books and Digital Libraries
• Interactive Whiteboards and Multimedia
• Distance Learning
• Personalized Learning
• Educational Apps
• Data Analysis
• And much more

Health: High Tech for Wellness (IT for health)

• Telemedicine: Telemedicine refers to the remote provision of healthcare services using
telecommunication technologies.
• 3D Medical Imaging and Modeling: 3D Computer models allow accurate tumor location inside a
skull
• Robots in Microsurgery Robots: permit precise microsurgery
• Sugar level: Handheld computers allow patients to measure blood sugar

Virtual money
Virtual means something that is created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or a computer
network.

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Virtual money: also known as digital or electronic money, refers to a type of currency that exists only in
electronic form and lacks a physical counterpart like coins or banknotes. It can use for pay bills, buy
tickets and much more.

IT in Leisure
Time when you are not working and you can relax and do things that you enjoy.

You can entertain by using it in

• Videogames
• Downloading
▪ Movies
▪ Music
▪ Ebooks There are several careers that do not
• Digital editing require extensive computer skills,
including skilled trades, healthcare
IT in jobs and careers professions focused on direct patient
care, artisans and artists, service
• Office careers: Budget, payroll, letter-writing, email
industry jobs, manual labor positions,
• Teaching: Automated grading systems, emailing, distance teaching certain teaching roles, and personal care
• Fashion: Sales/inventory control systems, ordering, personnel services. Basic computer literacy might
• Job-hunting: Use word processor to create resumes be helpful but is not the primary focus i
these professions

The telephone grows up

• 1973: first cellphone call
• 2006: Nokia estimated 2 billion mobile phone users
• Today’s cellphones: – Are mobile – Can take and send pictures – Can connect to the internet –
Can send and receive text messages.
• Then the technology is enhanced and have more terms like Internet, World Wide Web, &
Cyberspace
1. Internet: The global network of interconnected computers and devices that allows communication
and data exchange through standardized protocols and technologies.
2. World Wide Web: A system of interlinked hypertext documents and multimedia content accessed
via the internet. It is navigated using web browsers and contains websites and web pages.
3. Cyberspace: A conceptual domain where digital communication, interaction, and
transactions occur. It encompasses the virtual environment of computer networks,
including the internet and the World Wide Web. Term coined by William Gibson in
Neuromancer (1984). Described a futuristic computer network people “plugged” into
directly with their brains.

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Types of computers
• Supercomputers:
o Priced from $1 million to $350 million
o High-capacity machines with thousands of processors
o Multi-user systems
• Mainframe Computers:
o Large systems for massive data processing.
o Until late 1960’s, the only computer available
o Cost $5k - $5 million
o Multi-user systems; accessed using a terminal
o Terminals only have a keyboard and monitor; can’t be used alone
• Workstations:
o High-performance PCs for specialized tasks.
o Introduced in early 1980s
o Expensive, powerful personal computers
o Used for scientific, mathematical, engineering, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-
aided manufacturing (CAM)
o A less-expensive alternative to mainframes
• Microcomputers:
o Personal computers for general use (desktops, laptops).
o Personal computers that cost Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 200,000
o Used either stand-alone or in a network
o Types include: desktop, tower, notebooks, or Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
• Microcontrollers:
o Compact chips for embedded system control.
o Also called embedded computers
o Tiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances and automobiles
o They are in: microwaves, programmable ovens, blood-pressure monitors, air bag
sensors, vibration sensors, MP3 players, digital cameras, e-appliances, keyboards, car
engine controllers, etc.

Server
Powerful computer designed to manage network resources and provide services to other computers
(clients) in a network. it holds data (databases) and programs, connect to and supply services for clients,
Clients are other computers like PCs, workstations, other devices

• Convergence: The merging of different technologies, such as smartphones

combining features of cameras, computers, and communication devices. It
refers to the integration of multiple functions into a single device or platform,
enhancing efficiency and convenience.

• Portability: The ability of devices or systems to be easily carried or moved. Portability in

technology refers to the convenience of using devices like laptops, tablets, and smartphones
anywhere, enabling users to work, communicate, or access information on the go.

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• Personalization: Tailoring products, services, or content to individual preferences or needs. In

technology, personalization involves customizing user experiences, content, or interfaces based
on user data and behavior. It enhances user engagement and satisfaction by providing relevant
and targeted information or services.

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