Mehwish Ghafoor

mehwish.ghafoor@itu.edu.pk
Teaching Fellow - ITU

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Applications of
Course Overview
• Understand the fundamentals of ICT
• Explore the importance of ICT in today's
world
• Learn about key components of ICT systems
• Gain insights into various ICT applications
and trends

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 Course Layout

FINAL TERM MID-TERMS QUIZZES 10% ASSIGNMENTS LABS 25%

30% 20% 15%

* The above grading distribution may change as per discretion of the instructor
*Quizzes will be announced and unannounced
*Lab Work to be submitted on Google Classroom 4
Course Guidelines
• Late submissions not Acceptable
• Missing a deadline or being absent means a zero.
• No plagiarism allowed! Look Out for that..!
• Taking help from internet doesn’t mean plagiarism!
• No copy/pasting
• Please feel free to reach out in case of any problem.

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Join Google Classroom: Section A

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What is ICT?
• Information Communication and Technology (ICT) refers to the
combination of hardware, software, networks, and data used to
process, store, transmit, and manage information.

• It encompasses the tools and technologies that enable individuals,

organizations, and societies to interact with and leverage digital
information.

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Significance
What is ICT?of HCI
• ICT broadly refers to tools and services that
handle and communicate information.

• There are four main types of communication

technology that have contributed to the ease of
sending messages: telephone, radio, television,
and internet.

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What is ICT?
• Interaction with computers is
ubiquitous and continuous.

• Can you guess how many CPUs

there are in this room?

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What is ICT?
• Interaction with computers is
ubiquitous and continuous

• Can you guess how many CPUs

there are in this room?
• It was easy to calculate it in the early
2000s but now each one of you has a
smartphone, or a tablet etc.
• With each year it becomes harder with
increasing technology!
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What is ICT?
• If its digital, its in ICT!!

• ICT refers to all devices, networking components, applications and

systems that facilitate interaction with the digital world

• Interchangeably used with IT, but is more comprehensive

• Including more components related to computers & digital technology

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Key Aspects of ICT
1.Information Processing: Manipulation of data and information using
computers and software.
• Data entry, analysis, transformation, and presentation.
2.Communication: Exchange of information and ideas over various
communication channels.
• Email and phone calls to modern platforms like social media and video conferencing.
3.Technology:
• hardware devices like computers, smartphones, servers, and networking equipment.
• Software applications, operating systems, and programming languages that enable
the creation and use of digital tools.

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Components of ICT

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 Computer

Hardware Software

CPU Memory I/O Etc. Application System

Software Software

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Data and Information
• Data:
• Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols.
• It lacks context and meaning on its own.
• Examples of data include numbers, text, images, and sensor
readings.
• Information:
• Information is data that has been processed, organized, and given
context.
• It provides meaning, relevance, and usefulness to data.
• Information answers questions, solves problems, or aids in
decision-making. 18
Key Difference b/w Data and Information
• Meaning: Data lacks meaning until it's processed and organized into
information.
• Context: Information is data presented in a meaningful context.
• Usefulness: Information serves a purpose and has value.
• Actionable: Information can guide actions or decisions.
• Interpretation: Data requires interpretation, while information is
ready for understanding.
• Example:
• Data: "85°F"
• Information: "The temperature is 85°F today."
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Storage & Memory

Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions

waiting to be executed and the data needed by those instructions.

A computer keeps (holds) data, instructions, and information on

storage media. Storage medium can be fixed (magnetic discs on
hard drive )or removable(CD ROM can be taken out from drive).

A storage device records (writes) to the storage media and/or

retrieves (reads) items from it, such as hard disks, USBs, flash drives.
Device is what uses the media and provides a physical interface.
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 Data Back-Up

• How will you back-up your data ?

• Discuss your back-up plan…

What would you do if you had no backup

and then discovered that your computer or
mobile device had failed?
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 Application Software vs System Software
System Software
System software controls hardware.
Acts as an interface between hardware and
application software
Examples include, Operating Systems, device drivers,
etc.
Application Software
Application software fulfils user requests
Runs on the platform provided by system software
Word processors, media players, etc.
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 Advantages of ICT

• Revolutionized all parts of human experiences from computers to

robots

• Labelled as the 4th Industrial Revolution

• Encompassing Big Data Revolution

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Which areas to focus on?
Technology Uses
Retail (online
Education Government Finance
shopping)

Entertainment Health Care Science Travel

Manufacturing
Publishing
(CAM)
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 Downsides of ICT

• Digitization of data has led to new level of crimes

• Automation tools and robots can displace workers
• ICT has stifled human interaction

• Do you think it has impacted our daily life interactions?

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 Digital Safety and Security
• Digital security means protecting your
computer, mobile devices, tablets, and any Privacy:
Viruses &Malware:
other Internet-connected devices from Destroys or corrupts data Identity theft,
intruders. impersonation
• Which could be in the form of hacking,
phishing, and more.
• Digital security could also be used to Health Concerns: Environmental
protect your personal data from being used Technology Addiction, Issues: Green
and sold by companies. overload Computing

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Significance
Ethics? of HCI
• Will ICT have some ethical implications?
• Since it allows multiple people to connect and communicate, ethics
need to be followed.

• In which aspects ethics will be involved in ICT?

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Significance
Ethics? of HCI
• In which aspects ethics will be involved in ICT?
• Privacy and Anonymization
• Legal Issues
• Cybercrimes
• Influencing Users

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Ethics?
• Usability
• It shouldn’t be fatal or injurious
• Good design/bad design
• Privacy
• Users' information should be only used to enhance user experience
• Appropriate usage of personal information
• Influence: Persuasion Tactics
• White-hat vs black-hat persuasion techniques
• Persuasion tactics that change user’s perspective and convince them to buy a
specific subscription 29
Influencing Users: Persuasion Tactics
• A while ago, the world was shocked to learn that Cambridge Analytica had
improperly used data from a harmless-looking personality quiz on Facebook to
profile and target the wider audience on the platform with advertisements to
persuade them to vote a certain way. Only part of the data was obtained with
consent (!), the data was stored by the app creator (!!), and it was sold to
Cambridge Analytica in violation of terms of use (!!!). This was an example of
black hat design — a deceptive use of persuasion tactics, combined with
unethical use of personal information.

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 Influencing Users: Persuasion Tactics
in Design

• On the other hand, the last time you shopped on eBay, you may have noticed
the use of multiple design elements encouraging you to buy an item (“last
item”, “3 watched in the past day”).
• While these design techniques are used to persuade users, they are usually not
deceptive, and are considered white hat techniques.

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Ethics?
• Would You Connect to an Unsecured Network?
• Up to 35 percent of wireless connections are unsecured, leaving
them open to hackers.
• Criminals sometimes use unsecured wireless networks to
cover up technology related crimes.

• Would you use your neighbor’s unsecured wireless home

network without permission? Why or why not?

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 Green Computing
• Green computing involves reducing the
electricity consumed and environmental
waste generated when using a computer.
• Strategies include:
• Recycling
• Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving
features
• Regulating manufacturing processes
• Extending the life of computers
• Immediately donating or properly disposing of
replaced computers
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 Green Computing in Designing
• Sustainability
• Have you kept the environment, climate
change, and natural resources in mind
when designing your product?
• Sustainability is a significant ethical factor
that you must consider.
• We must foster sustainable consumer
conduct to avert overuse!
• eBay should encourage users to sell their old
stuff
• Encourage users to opt for less carbon emitting
methods for shipping
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http://www.sustainableminds.com/industry-blog/what-sustainable-interaction-design-part-one
 Food for Thought!
• What other strategies may be included for
Green computing ?

• How is it beneficial for the environment?

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 Food for Thought!
• What other strategies may be included for Green
computing ?

• How is it beneficial for the environment?

• Do not leave a computer or device running overnight.
• Turn off your monitor, printer, and other devices when
you are not using them.
• Use paperless methods to communicate.
• Recycle paper and buy recycled paper.
• Use videoconferencing and VoIP for meetings.
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 Wired & Wireless Communication
• A communication device is a hardware capable of transferring items from
computers and devices to transmission media and vice versa e.g. modems,
wireless access points, and routers.

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Wireless Communications
Wi-Fi uses radio signals to provide high-speed
Wi-Fi Internet and network connections to computers
and devices.

Uses short-range radio signals to enable Bluetooth-

Bluetooth enabled computers and devices to communicate
with each other.

It uses cellular networks to enable high-speed

Cellular Radio Internet connections to devices with built-in
compatible technology, such as smartphones.

Bluetooth & Wi-Fi Hotspots

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Activity
• Discuss at least 3 types of equipment or machines that use a
computer. Also explain the purpose of the computer in that
machine or equipment.

• Discuss all digital devices that you own, such as laptop, mobile,
smart watch, etc. and explain their unique functionalities.

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TAs Section-A:
Abdullah Mushtaq: bscs20078@itu.edu.pk

Nayyab Siddique: bscs21092@itu.edu.pk

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