El-Shorouk Academy The Higher Institute of Engineering

Communication and Electronic Department

Fourth Year Mobile Communications
First Semester 2022/2023
Sheet 1: Cellular System Traffic Engineering
Erlang B
[1] Determine the offered traffic in Erlangs and Circuit Centum Seconds
(CCSs) given the grade of service (GoS) equal 2% and the number of
channels equals 24.
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[2] Given the number of MSs equals 20, each mobile station (MS) has 0.1
Erlang, the number of channels available is 4. Find the blocking
probability that all the 4 channels will be busy.
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[3] Determine the number of channels N, given the offered traffic
intensity is 720 CCSs and the blocking probability is 1%.
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[4] Determine the number of traffic channels required to support 8.2
Erlangs traffic intensity load at a GoS 2%.
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[5] If there are 50 frequency channels in a cell to handle all the calls and
the holding time (TH) is 100 seconds. How many calls can be handled
per hour (λ) in this cell with a blocking probability of 2 %?.
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[6]How many MSs can be supported by cellular mobile system of 2%
blocking probability . Assuming that each MS generates 0.025 Erlangs of
traffic. Assume that systems have the following number of channels:
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 100
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[7] Assume that a cellular mobile communication system has a total
number of MSs is 500, the busy hour call attempts (BHCA) is 1 and
average call holding time (ACHT) is 90 seconds. The desired blocking
probability is 2%.Calculate (i) The traffic per MS in Elrlangs .(ii)The
total offered traffic intensity load.
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[8]A city has a population of 2 million residents. Three competing
cellular mobile phone operators A, B and C provide service in that city.
Operator A has 394 cells with 19 channels each. Operator B has 98 cells
with 57 channels each and operator C has 49 cells each with 100
channels.(ii)Find the number of MSs that can be supported by each
operator at 2 % blocking probability if each MS BHCA= 1 call and
ACHT = 1.5 minutes. (ii)Compute the percentage market penetration of
each operator.
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[9] (i)Find the traffic intensity and the trunking efficiency of an omnicell
in a cellular mobile network, the total number of channels available is N
= 48, the blocking probability required is 2%. (ii) Repeat (i) when 3
sector cell is used. (iii) Repeat (i) when 6 sector cell is used. C.Comment
on the results.
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[10]Consider omnicell cellular system is planned to cover the a city that
has 1300 km2 and the cell radius 4 km. That city has 62000 residents and
50% of its residents subscribed in that system. These subscribers are
uniformly distributed in the whole coverage area. Each MS is assigned 1
call as BHCA and 1.5 minutes as ACHT. Assume the desired blocking
probability is 2%. Calculate the following:(i) The number of cells the
cover that city.(ii) The MS quota in Erlang.(iii) The traffic intensity per
cell.(iv) The number of traffic channel per cell.(v) The trunking
efficiency per cell.
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Erlang C
[11] Consider a BCD cellular system has 40 channels of the traffic
intensity is 30 Erlangs, given the acceptable delay time is 30 seconds
and the mean holding time is 90 seconds. Assume the probability that
the call will be delayed i.e. .Determine the following:
(i)The probability that the call will be delayed longer than the acceptable
delay time i.e. ) (ii) the average delay on all calls in
seconds D1(iii) the average delay on calls delayed in seconds D2.
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[12] Consider BCD cellular system with 35 channels serving 100 MSs
where on average each subscriber makes a 1.5 minutes call every hour.
Assume that the probability of a MS approaching the system and found
that none of the 35 channels are available is .(i) Calculate
the offered traffic intensity.(ii) (ii) What is the probability of a MS having
a delay more than 60seconds as acceptance time i.e. ?
(iii) What is the average delay D1 for a MS to get access to the system?
(iv) What is the average delay D2 for a MS to get access to the system?
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[13]Consider BCD cellular system with 60 channels serves 1000 MSs.
Assume each MS makes an average of one call per hour and each call
lasts 72 seconds during peak hour. Assume the probability that a MS has
to wait if all calls are queued is . (i) Determine the total
traffic intensity in Erlangs. (ii)Calculate the GoS if a MS will experience
acceptable delay greater than 120 seconds if all calls are queued.
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[14]Consider a BCD cellular system has 80 channels of the traffic
intensity is 60 Erlangs,. If the probability that call will be delayed is 0.2.
Each MS makes an average one call per hour and each telephone call
lasts an average 90 seconds.(i) How many MSs can be supported by that
system?.(ii) Find the GOS, if the acceptable delay time is 10 seconds. (iii)
The mean delay on all calls. (iv) The mean delay on delayed calls.
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[15]Consider a BCD cellu lar system has 50 channels of the traffic
intensity is 30 Erlangs. If the probability that a call will be delayed is 0.1
and each MS makes an average of 1 call per hour and each call lasts an
average 72 seconds.(i)How many MSs can be supported by that system?
(ii)Find the GOS if the acceptable delay time is 5 seconds. (iii) The mean
delay on all calls.
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Erlang B and C
[16] Consider cellular mobile communication trial system consists of one
picocell covers conference room includes 200 users. Each MS is assigned
1 call as busy hour call attempt and 90 seconds as average call holding
time. Assume that the number of channels per cell is 8 channels.
Calculate the following :(i)The Erlang per user. (ii)If the system is BCC,
determine the GOS of that system. (iii)If the system is BCD, with
probability of delay 5% and the acceptable time is 10 seconds, determine
the GOS of that system. (iv) Which system is better BCC or BCD? Why?
(v)Determine both the average delay of all calls and the average delay of
delayed calls of the BCD system.
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[17](i)Using BCC, calculate the traffic intensity in Erlangs for a cellular
system when providing a 2% blocking probability with 50 channels? (ii)
How many MSs can be supported with 50 channels at 2% blocking
probability? Assume =90 seconds and λ = 1 call/hour.(iii)Using the
traffic intensity calculated in part (i), find the GOS i.e. in a
BCD system for the case of delays being greater than t =24 seconds.
Assume that = 90 seconds. Assume the probability that the call will
be delayed i.e. (iv) Comparing parts (i) and (ii), does a
BCD system with a 24 seconds queue perform better than BCC system ?
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[18] (i)How many mobile stations can be supported by BCC cellular
system with 70 channels provides a 2% blocking probability. Assume
each MS has 1 calls per hour and each call lasts 90 seconds. (ii)Using the
traffic intensity calculated in part (i), find the GOS in a BCD system if
the acceptable time delay greater than 6 seconds. Assume the probability
that the call will be delayed i.e. (iii) Which system
performs better BCC or BCD system? Why?
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[19]Consider a cellular system has 40 channels and serves 620 MSs. Each
subscriber makes one call as BHCA and each call lasts an average 1.5
minutes as ACHT.(i)Calculate the subscriber profile. (ii) If system is
based on BCC, determine its grade of service (GOS).(iii)If system is
based on BCD, Find its GOS if the acceptable delay time is 10 seconds
and Assume the probability that the call will be delayed i.e.
(iv)Calculate the delay of all calls and the delay of
delayed calls of system based on BCD? (v) Which system performs better
BCC in (ii)or BCD in (iii)? Why?
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[20](i)Using BCC, calculate the traffic intensity (A) in Erlangs for a
cellular system when providing a 2% blocking probability with 60
channels? (ii) How many MSs can be supported with 60 channels at 2%
blocking probability? Assume =90 seconds and λ = 1 call/hour.
(iii)Using the traffic intensity calculated in part (i), find the GOS i.e.
in LCD system for the case of acceptable delay being greater
than 10 seconds. Assume the probability that the call will be delayed i.e.
.Assume that = 90 seconds. (iv) Comparing parts (i)
and (ii), does LCD system with a 10 seconds queue perform better than
BCC system?
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Dr.Hamed EL-Shennawy
Best Wishes