STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROPOSED REINFORCED CONCRETE

& DESIGN REPORT WATER RETAINING STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN REPORT
REINFORCED CONCRETE WATER
RETAINING STRUCTURE

PREPARED BY: CHECKED & REVIEWED BY:

RICK EMMANUEL B. VALENCIA CARL LOU A. BACLAYON

CIVIL ENGINEER ENGINEER II

RECOMMENDED BY: APPROVED BY:

ARNEL S. ANCAJAS ISAGANI E. UNGAD

ENGINEER IV OIC-PROVINCIAL ENGINEER
DESIGN PARAMETER
UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL, Ys = 17 KN/M^3
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE, Yc = 24 KN/M^3
UNIT WEIGHT OF WATER, Yw = 9.81 KN/M^3
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION Φ = 28 DEG.
ACTIVE COEFFICIENT, Ka = 0.36103
PASSIVE COEFFICIENT, Kp = 2.76982
SURCHARGE, Su = 0 KN/M^2
PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION, g's = 0.2
ALLOWABLE STRENGTH
ALLOWABLE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE @ 28 DAYS, Fc' 21 MPa
ALLOWABLE STRENGTH OF STEEL, Fy 414 MPa
ALLOWABLE SOIL BEAING CAPACITY, Qa 260 KPa

GEOMETRIC DIMENSION:
HEIGHT OF WALL Hw 2.60 m
THICKNESS OF BOT. SLAB Tf 0.15 m
THICKNESS OF WALL Tw 0.15 m
WIDTH B 1.15 m
HEIGHT OF WATER H 2.30 m
TOTAL HEIGHT Hw + Tf = 2.75 m
RIGHT MOMENT CALCULATION when FULL OF WATER
MARK W, KN Xn, m R.M. REMARKS
W1 9.36 1.075 10.062 WALL
W2 22.56 0.5 11.282 WATER
W3 4.14 0.575 2.381 FOOTING
TOTAL 36.06 23.724 WHEN TANK IS FULL OF WATER

OVER TURNING MOMENT when FULL OF WATER

MARK Force, KN Xn, m O.M. REMARKS Ry = W1 + W2 + W3 36.06 kN
Su 0 0 0 SURCHARGE Rx = Su + Fa - Fw 25.95 kN
Active
Fa 0 0 0 Pressure
WATER
Fw 25.95 0.817 21.190 PRESSURE
TOTAL 25.95 21.190

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING, F.Ss = µRy/Rx = 0.556 < 1.0 FAIL
THEREFORE:
PROVIDE WALLFOOTING

FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING, F.So = R.M./O.M. = 1.120 < 1.0 PASSED
STABILITY ANALYSIS WHEN THE TANK IS FULL OF WATER EXCLUDING THE EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE

STABILITY ANALYSIS WHEN TANK IS EMPTY + THE EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE

OVERTURNING MOMENT WHEN TANK IS EMPTY
O.M.
MARK Force, KN Yn, m (kN/m) REMARKS
Su 0 0 0 SURCHARGE NOTE: FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST
Active SLIDING IS NOT NECESSARY TO CHECK
Fa 0 0 0 Pressure

Ex 6.63 0.817 5.415 Earthquake

TOTAL 6.63 5.415
RIGHTING MOMENT (EMPTY CONDITION) R.M. 12.443
FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING, F.So = R.M./O.M. 2.298 PASSED
 Design of Rectangular water tank CASE-1 ( L / B < 2 )
Capacity 12,167 Litres (given)
Material M20 Grade Concrete (given)
Fe 415 Grade HYSD reinforcement (given)
Solution :-
Provide 2.6 m x 2.6 m x 2.6 m tank with free board of 150 mm.
Volume = 2.6 x 2.6 x 2.6 x 10 3 = 80400 Litres
L / B = 2.6 / 2.6 = 1 <2.
The top portion of side walls will be designed as a continuous frame.
bottom 1 m or H / 4 whichever is more is designed as cantilever.
H/4= 2.6 / 4 = 0.65 m
bottom 1 m will be designed as cantilever.
Water pressure at 2.6 - 1 = 1.6 m height from top = 1.6 x YW = 1.6 x 9.8
= 15.68 KN / m2
where Yw is unit weight of water = 9.8 KN / m3
To find moment in side walls, moment distribution or kani's method is used. As the
frame is symmetrical about both the axes, only one joint is solved
2.6 m
2.6 m A E B

2.5 m F 2.6 m
2.6 m 15.68 KN / m2

1m
D C
25.48 KN / m2
Elevation Plan

Fixed end moments :-

2
MAB = w x l / 12 =
2
= 15.68 x 2.6 / 12 = 8.83 KNm

MAD = w x l2 / 12 =
2
= 15.68 x 2.6 / 12 = 8.83 KNm

Kani's Method :-

8.83 8.83
-3/10 17.66 -2/10
0 -5.298 -3.532 0
0 -5.298 -3.532 0
D 0 A 0 B
-1.766 1.766
Rotation factor at Joint A
Rotation
Relative
Joint Member ∑K Factor u =(-
Stiffness( K ) 1/2) k / ∑ K
AB I/6 - 2 / 10
A 5 * I / 12
AD I/4 - 3 / 10

Sum of FEM
MAF = 8.83+8.83
17.66 KNm
 MAB = MABF + 2 MAB' + MBA'
= 8.83 + 2 x (- 3.532 ) + 0
= 1.766

MAD = MADF + 2 MAD' + MDA'

= ( 8.83 ) + 2 x (- 5.298 ) + 0
= -1.766

B.M. at centre of long span = w x l 2 / 8 - 1.766

2
= 15.68 x 2.6 / 8 - 1.766
11.484 KNm

B.M. at centre of short span = w x l 2 / 8 - 1.766

= 15.68 x 2.62 / 8 - 1.766
11.484 KNm

Direct tension in long wall = Yw ( H - h ) x B / 2

= 15.68 x 2.6 / 2 = 20.384 KN

Direct tension in short wall = Yw ( H - h ) x L / 2

= 15.68 x 2.6 / 2 = 20.384 KN

Design of Long Walls :-

At support
M= 1.766 KNm
T= 20.384 KN Tension on liquid face.
From Table 9-6 Q = 0.306 Assuming d / D = 0.9
D= √M / Q x b
= √1.766 x 10 / 0.306 x 1000
6

= 75.97 mm, Assuming d / D = 0.9

Take D = 150 mm d =150 - 25 - 8

= 117 mm
From Table 9-5

Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d

6
= 1.766 x 10 / 150 x 0.872 x 117
= 115 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

3
= 20.384 x 10 / 150
= 136 mm2
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 115 + 136
= 251 mm2
Provide 16 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m / m
= 201.06 x 1000 / 251
= 801.04 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C
Larger steel area is provided to match with the steel of short walls.
At centre
M= 11.484 KNm
 T= 20.384 KN tension on remote face
e= M/T= 11.484 / 20.384
= 0.56 m

E= e+D/2-d
= 560 + 150 / 2 - 117
= 518 mm

modified moment= 20.384 x 0.518

= 10.56 KNm

Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d

6
= 10.56 x 10 / 190 x 0.89 x 117
= 534 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

3
= 20.384 x 10 / 150
= 136 mm2
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 534 + 136
= 670 mm2
Provide 16 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m / m
= 201.06 x 1000 / 670
= 300.09 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C
From Table 9-3 minimum reinforcement 0.229 %
Distribution steel = 0.229 / 100 x 1000 x 150
= 344 mm2

Design of short walls :-

At support M= 1.766 KNm
T= 20.384 KN tension on liquid face
From Table 9-5
Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d
6
= 1.766 x 10 / 150 x 0.872 x 117
= 115 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

3
= 20.384 x 10 / 150
= 136 mm2
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 115 + 136
= 251 mm2
Provide 16 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m / m
= 201.06 x 1000 / 251
= 801.04 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C

At centre
M= 11.484 KNm
T= 20.384 KN tension on liquid face
From Table 9-5
Ast1 for moment = M / σst x j x d
 6
= 11.484 x 10 / 150 x 0.872 x 117
= 750 mm2

Ast2 for direct tension = T / σst

3
= 20.384 x 10 / 150
= 136 mm2
Total Ast1 + Ast2 = 750 + 136
= 886 mm2
Provide 16 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m / m
= 201.06 x 1000 / 886
= 226.93 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C

From Table 9-3 minimum reinforcement 0.229 %

Distribution steel = 0.229 / 100 x 1000 x 150
= 344 mm2

Bottom 1 m will be designed as cantilever

Cantilever moment : -
M= Yw x H x h2 / 6 OR Yw x H / 6 , whichever is greater.
= 9.8 x 2.6 x 1 / 6 =9.8 x 2.6 / 6
= 4.25 KNm = 4.25 ,tension on liquid face.

From Table 9-5

Ast for moment = M / σst x j x d
6
= 4.25 x 10 / 150 x 0.872 x 117
= 278 mm2
From Table 9-3 minimum reinforcement 0.229 %
Distribution steel = 0.229 / 100 x 1000 x 150
= 344 mm2
Provide 16 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m /m
= 201.06 x 1000 /344
= 584 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C

Base slab :-
Base slab is resting on ground. For a water head 2.3 m, provide 150 mm thick slab.
From table 9-3
Minimum steel = 0.229%
= 0.229 / 100 x 1000 x 150
= 344 mm2
Provide 16 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m / m
= 201.06 x 1000 /344
= 584 mm
Provide 16 mm O bar @ 150 mm C/C
Ast = 1340 mm2
Designed section, Elevation etc. are shown in fig.
Top slab may be designed as two-way slab as usual for a live load of 1.5 KN / m2
Top slab : -
consider 1 m wide strip. Assume 150 mm thick slab.
 lx = 2.6 + 0.15 = 2.75 say 3 m
ly = 2.6 + 0.15 = 2.75 say 3 m
Dead Load : self 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 KN / m2
floor finish = 1.0 KN / m2
Live load = 1.5 KN / m2
6.25 KN / m2
For 1 m wide strip
PU = 1.5 x 6.25
= 9.38 KN / m
ly / lx =
2.6 / 2.6
= 1.0
Four Edges Discontinuous, positive moment at mid-span.
αx = 0.085
αy = 0.056
Mx = αx x w x lx2 My = αy x w x lx2
2 2
= 0.085 x 9.38 x 3 = 0.056 x 9.38 x 3
= 7.18 KNm = 4.73 KNm
From Table 6-3 ,Q = 2.76
drequired =√M / Q x b
= √7.18 x 10 / 2.76 x 1000
6

= 51.00 mm
dshort = 150 - 15(cover) - 5
= 130 > 51 mm …………(O.K.)
dlong = 130 - 10 = 120 mm
Larger depth is provided due to deflection check.
Mu / b x d2 (short) = 7.18 x 106 / 1000 x 130 x 130
= 0.42
Pt = 50 1-√1-(4.6 / fck) x (Mu / b x d2)
fy / fck

= 50 1-√1-(4.6 / 20) x (0.42)

415 / 20

= 50 [(1-0.95) x 20 / 415 ]
= 0.12%

Ast (short) = 0.12 x 1000 x 130 / 100

= 156 mm2
Provide 12 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m /m
= 113.097 x 1000 /156
= 725 mm
Provide 12 mm O bar @ 200 mm c/c
Mu / b x d2 (long) = 4.73 x 106 / 1000 x 120 x 120
= 0.33
Pt = 50 1-√1-(4.6 / fck) x (Mu / b x d2)
fy / fck

= 50 1-√1-(4.6 / 20) x (0.33)

415 / 20
 = 50 [(1-0.96) x 20 / 415 ]
= 0.10%

Ast (long) = 0.10 x 1000 x 120 / 100

= 120 mm2

Provide 12 mm O bar
2
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m / m
= 113.097 x 1000 /120
= 942 mm
Provide 12 mm O bar @ 200 mm c/c

TABLE 9-6
Balanced Design Factors for members in bending
For M20 Grade Concrete Mix
Mild steel HYSD bars
d / D Q = M / bD Q = M / bD
Pt Pt
0.75 0.3 0.4 0.295 0.289
0.8 0.305 0.37 0.299 0.272
0.85 0.31 0.355 0.302 0.258
0.9 0.314 0.335 0.306 0.246

TABLE 9-5
Members in bending ( Cracked condition )
Coefficients for balanced design
σcbc N σst

Grade of Grade
concrete of steel / mm2 N / mm2 k j Q Pt,bal
For members less than 225mm thickness and tension on liquid face
M20 Fe250 7 115 0.445 0.851 1.33 1.36
Fe415 7 150 0.384 0.872 1.17 0.98
For members more than 225mm thickness and tension away from liquid face
M20 Fe250 7 125 0.427 0.858 1.28 1.2
Fe415 7 190 0.329 0.89 1.03 0.61
 TABLE 9-3
Minimum Reinforcement for Liquid Retaining Structures
% of reinforcement
Thickness, mm
Mild Steel HYSD bars
100 0.3 0.24
150 0.286 0.229
200 0.271 0.217
250 0.257 0.206
300 0.243 0.194
350 0.229 0.183
400 0.214 0.171
450 or more 0.2 0.16

Table 6-3
Limiting Moment of resistance factor Q lim, N / mm2
2 fy, N / mm2
fck N / mm
250 415 500 550
15 2.22 2.07 2.00 1.94
20 2.96 2.76 2.66 2.58

25 3.70 3.45 3.33 3.23

30 4.44 4.14 3.99 3.87
REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL FOOTING
Wall footing no. WF
SPECIFICATION
fc' 21 MPa
fy 276.5 Mpa
allowable soil pressure 190 kPa
wt. of soil 15.7 kN/m3
SERVICE LOAD
dead load 4.75 kN/m
live load 1.5 kN/m
WALL CLASIFICATION
type of wall masonry wall
wall thickness 150 mm
FOOTING DIMENSIONS
assume footing depth h =1.5 wall width 300 mm >>== 64
assume footing width 0.4 m. >>== 0.05
concrete cover 40 mm
depth of footing below final grade 0.9 m
REINFORCEMENT
Phils. Standard Reinforcing Bars

reinforcement ratio
.75Pb > p > 1.4/fy masonry wall
0.028172 0.005 0.005063
150 mm.
r-bar temp. bar
16mm 10mm

16mm
4 - 10mm
RESULT
OK - shear stress

300 mm.

0.4 m.
SOLUTION
assume thickness of footing = 1.5 x of wall thickness 300 mm
wt. of soil = 9.42 kPa
wt. of footing = 7.0632 kPa
effective soil pressure qe = allow. soil pressure - wt. of soil - wt. of footing 173.5168 kPa
area required = 0.03602 m2
considering 1-meter strip of wall, L = 0.05 m
final footing width 0.4 m
ultimate bearing pressure of soil
qu = 23 kPa
BENDING MOMENT

k
masonry wall k = 0.1625 m
concrete wall k = 0.125 m
k= 0.1625 m
Mu = 0.3036719 kN-m
303671.88 N-mm
Mn = Mu/Ф 337413.19 N-mm
B1 = .85 if fc'<=30 30
B1 = .85-.008(fc'-30) 0.922
but B1 should not less than .65 0.65
final B1 0.85
reinforcement ratio
p = .85fc'B1/fy(600/600+fy) 0.0375631
max Pb = .75p 0.0281723
 min p = 1.4/fy 0.0050633
use p = 0.005
m = fy/.85fc' 15.490196
Rn = pfy(1-pm/2) 1.328962 Mpa
1.328962 N/mm2
required d = √Mn/bRn 15.933998
required h = 64 mm
actual h = 300 mm
actual d = 252 mm
recalculate based on actual d
Rn = Mn/bd2 0.0053133 N/mm2
p = 1/m(1-√1-2mRn/fy) 1.922E-05
As = pbd 4.8431847 mm2
41522.265 mm c to c
41520 mm c to c
CHECK FOR SHEAR

s d
s= -0.127 m
Vu = -2.921 kN
-2921 N
actual shear Vn = Vu/Фbd -0.013637 Mpa
allowable shear stress = 1/6(√fc') 0.7637626 Mpa >>== -0.01364
OK - shear stress
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = .02Abfy/√fc' 242.67641 mm
Ld min = 300 300 mm
required min Ld = 300 mm
actual Ld furnished = (L - wall width)/2 - conc. Cover 85 mm >>== 300

TEMPERATURE BAR
As =.002bt 240 mm2
4 ea.

Phils. Standard Reinforcing Bars temp. bar area dia.

r-bar area dia. 6mm 28.27 6
6mm 28.27 6 10mm 78.54 10
10mm 78.54 10 12mm 113.1 12
12mm 113.10 12 78.54 10
16mm 201.1 16
20mm 314.2 20
25mm 491.90 25
28mm 615.75 28
32mm 804.25 32
201.1 16
ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars concrete wall
Phils. Standard Reinforcing Bars masonry wall