Speed Control of 3ph Induction Motor by

Hysteresis Current Control Technique

Group No. : 6

Group Member
1.Dibas Mahato (35001320027)
2.Arghya Ghosh (35001621007)
3.Saheb Mondal (3001621003)
4.Bapi Maji (35001620020)
5.Swastik Hazra (35001620055)
6.Siddhartha Moule (35001620052)
Why it is called Hysteresis Current Control?

• One of the important methods is current regulated voltage

source inverter control. This operation is based on current
controlled pulse width modulation technique. Here
induction machine phase current is required to follow a
sinusoidal reference current (i*) within a hysteresis band.
Thus this method is referred to as hysteresis current control
method. The hysteresis band consists of two bands
separated equally from sinusoidal reference current. One
band is above and another band is below the sinusoidal
reference current.
How it is works?
• Different switches in the three phases are triggered in such
a way that actual motor current remains within the two
bands. The upper switch of each is connected to the
positive terminal of the DC voltage source and the lower
leg of each source is connected to the negative terminal of
DC voltage source of the three phase inverter. So when
upper switch of any phase is closed the current in that
phase starts rising and when lower switch of a phase is
closed the current of that phase starts decreasing. When
current of a phase reaches the upper band the upper switch
of that phase is opened and lower switch is closed and
when current of a phase reaches lower band the lower
switch is opened and upper switch is closed.
Hysteresis Controller
• There is 8 ways to switch the inverter. Inverter State Sa Sb Sc
1 Upper Lower Lower
• In case of state 7 and state 8, machine terminal is short
2 Upper Upper Lower
circuited which gives decaying current in all phases, caused
3 Lower Upper Lower
by the floating star point of the three phase stator winding.
As the star point is not connected to a fixed potential. This 4 Lower Upper Upper

makes the three phase current dependent to each other. This 5 Lower Lower Upper

state are also called zero-voltage vector. 6 Upper Lower Upper

7 Upper Upper Upper

• Hysteresis controller is the easiest form attempts to control
the phase currents independently of each other. These zero- 8 Lower Lower Lower

voltage vectors can give distortion, which is not desired. To

avoid this effect hysteresis controller doesn’t use this state.
Why Hysteresis Current Control technique used?
• Real-Time Control: The control action in hysteresis current control occurs in

real-time. The continuous comparison of actual and reference currents allows for

dynamic adjustments, ensuring that the motor responds quickly to changes in the

system.

• Applicability to Variable Load Conditions: Hysteresis current control performs

well in applications with variable loads. The instantaneous response and lack of

steady-state error make it suitable for systems where the motor load may change

frequently.

• No Need for Complex Mathematical Models: Hysteresis current control does

not rely on complex mathematical models of the motor. This simplifies the design

process and reduces the need for precise knowledge of the motor parameters.
Harmonic Reduction

We can eliminate the amount of harmonics by using fast switching. If the difference of two band less then
it can be possible to reduce harmonics. For that we have to turn on each switch of one leg very short
duration of time. Then ripple will be less and the output current will be more identical to the sine wave.
When the band is small, motor current is nearly sinusoidal. As band reduces, harmonic content in phase
current reduces but switching frequency increases.
Hysteresis Current Controller
• The reference currents ia*,ib* and ic* are given as input to the
hysteresis controller. Hysteresis current controller is used to keep
the actual current of the motor within a very small band around
the reference current. When the actual motor current of one of
the phases reaches the upper limit of the band then the hysteresis
current controller sends signal to the gate terminal of the switch
in operation corresponding to the phase to make it Off. When
actual current of one of the phases reaches the lower limit of the
band then the hysteresis current controller sends signal to the
gate terminal of the switch corresponding to the phase current to
make it ON. So by this procedure the actual current always
changes immediately with the change of the reference current.
How Speed of IM is Controlled?
• The switches receive the necessary pulses from the hysteresis current controller to toggle between On
and Off states. Consequently, the inverter produces a three-phase voltage with the desired magnitude,
responding to variations in the reference current (imr*) and reference speed. This three-phase voltage
(Va , Vb & Vc) is then supplied to the induction machine, with an input of torque representing the load
torque applied to the induction motor. The resulting outputs of the induction motor include the actual
three-phase currents, speed, and the generated torque.
PI Controller
• For the current and speed control purpose we have to use PI controller. PI controller tries to make
steady state error zero. By selecting proper value of proportional gain Kp & integral gain Ki we can
highly reduce the error between actual speed an reference speed. So that after changing the
reference speed actual speed changes within a very short time.

• Kp = (0.866Jωc) / Ke

• Ki = (Jωc2)/2Ke

• Where J is the inertia constant

ωc is the gain crossover frequency

Ke is a constant
Advantages
• 1. Simple Implementation: Hysteresis current control is relatively simple to implement compared to
other advanced control techniques. It doesn't require complex algorithms or extensive parameter tuning.

• 2. Fast Response: This technique provides a fast dynamic response because it operates based on
instantaneous error. The control system reacts quickly to changes in load or reference values.

• 3. No Steady-State Error: In ideal conditions, hysteresis current control can eliminate steady-state
error because it reacts instantly to changes in the system. Also uses of PI controller makes steady state
error zero.

• 4. Robustness: Hysteresis controllers are generally robust to parameter variations and disturbances. This
makes them suitable for applications where the motor is subjected to varying loads.
Disadvantages
• 1. High Switching Frequency: Hysteresis controllers can lead to high-frequency switching of power
electronic devices, such as the inverter, which can result in increased switching losses and reduce overall
system efficiency.

• 2. Current Harmonics: The high-frequency switching can introduce harmonics in the motor current,
potentially leading to additional losses and electromagnetic interference issues.

• 3. Limited Applicability to High Power Systems: In high-power applications, hysteresis controllers

may not be as efficient as other advanced control techniques. The simplicity of hysteresis control comes
at the cost of performance in certain scenarios.

• 4. Fixed Hysteresis Band: The use of a fixed hysteresis band may not be optimal for all operating
conditions. It can lead to unnecessary switching in low-demand situations and insufficient control in
high-demand situations
Thank You!