ASIGNMENT - T

REG. NO. 822221O5024

NAME SRTRAM.k
1
YEAR

SEM
CONSERVATIN
UTILIZATION AND
SUBJECT - OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

SUB.CODE EF 30O4
 J. REVTEW OF INDUSIRIAL ENEGRY CONGERVATTON

Enegy Conservalon Rat a praekce o deoreasing Re

amoun oß energy usad lor constant qualty and quality oß
Qconomia! ngy Q
ouhput. It shol be achieved Brough
dooreased wkoreas ahieig an
ohich ergy Aer mees.
by veducad coNbomphon oß
donlical outcome. or

BackgroUnd
coNJervalon Ec) Ac, 200!, pYovides Bor Re
The enOngy Donservaon in India he

o india bet up a bureau oß norgy mission oß

governmot Re Ec awt. The
provision, oßo!
(BEE) wnder Re n dereoping polioiOs ard ohYa ogieo
Bo BEE I to asbt and maskot principles- wihin
Rlst on Na-
Yoqalon h
Re primary
wi
o Ra Ec act ty ol a udan
a
vamauoYk
Bo overall orrgy oi oß
ve o reduoig Ro
obfeci
ccOnomy
cotegories oß indusries coverd wnder Re Ec guidallines
DiB}erent
Category - A
but miod to
PAT behome
De b coveNGd wndor
Sndstie>:
toMbuoing
)Aluninum
2) cema
3) ehlor-alkali
4) Fertlizevs
5)TYon ord shaal
b) Pehochominsl
1) Perolun ralierie eowring ony crakar ub
 E 307.ro
i lo7. CATE
toGoR-Cobo
lor AlEGOR
significantCATIEGORY- Re CATEGORY- D
Remore Lane
BoRousing
onbrprib
Medium bu }oMoirg
Glass ) Ran dste
coA.
Orgy
Ran micro Daur 5)
4)eeramesyForgng 3) )
ndushrios Aard Bnick
Limosone4) tools ) becrors o}
1) FOvdyODyoerno
30%o
Food Ba SME
ndustries vdushies uh
total Ar
HaTora
Dectors. Gohold
produohon wi hongg
wih ub
enorgy consunpHon
maloxA0)coJo
produion
do
coots }or
bo
Cosh Dco.
but o)
accounlira
but os
mod
more li
b o
objoehve o Ee quidolias lor induarlaa
Tha oucra objaclivo ol
oß a EcEe guidollres Ror ango
Pn diatrios and SME in to gude ReRa maragoment and
n large dushries
vdustrie nd SMEA fo manago ner9y
OpemlorA prhormaKO values
stncadLUNg Ra onorgy
by aardaxluzng
Consumplon bu
various Qnorgs eonauru cquipment and sytoms dopbyd
or Ra manfaeuring pY OCQ).

memodolog4
guidalna
AchviHes Jolbwed gor propanakon o Ec
gudoico portanïg to ndustries
Areview oß Ra EC due o} Ro Ec
print oß
9 fapan was caried out to dYaw a decondoru
indan fnduatrieo.. Rolovant
auidolira applacablo lor co lhd Wurough
idustries weYe
daa rom doront and id viA.

bcgdary doa ncude i perlomane

o Ror dourcOA o} cgupmant
sectoral sudy reports, ) orgiral
audib and dectoral eeports ,) Sakohaldor
manulacurob, iii) IndusrieA,iv) aDOcioltons, and
dustrio and industry
cons uaons wi% rolonan woboites.
vi)Sacondoy bouCOs
Ahandard and augot vales
EValuaion ol
1Shandoard valb:
Averoge vaue o AoBo data dampla
sBandard voluas =
+25. o Ra shardard valu
Upper umit standard vao
Tlarget vaßuos
Upper imit Target Vauas +2-6%l Ra tar¡e valug
=Tyqet valuOs-2.57. ol Ra targot Voauo
Lower imit
vaHon
Revibion o) onargy aoner
The Ee guidolinos aplcable for 'da cgory- A indusie
me o hme on a porodical bai
bo rowhgd yom
Lsi be brakeho ldona and a
babod on npub rom Voriows commiHaonsi}ued
technical
ecommenda ion& o} Ha
bu Ha BEELO
donservakon rduries -guideies
Energy
The Ec guidolinos comprehénsl ve , hard-holdir
to major ororgy eonsU ming utHes in
documen relaed
dustreato
dusieso, guida top marage mo ab wo)
eatcgpry-A
as o onalor n îhdustrrOs to marage
standardb and tagoho
Srandard
SBardardo are oplmum por}ormanco Vaos
Noxgy conaurning wi dau
Nhy n doy
achieved by an
oporalion.

Tlargas achievabla values o

equato Re bost
Tavgehs are
enevgy conbuming uiy in diay operakon.
 componons o srandards
Tbe bandard compono compries lor distnet bechioy
OD RaR relbvat nstruehions coneorning rouine
o Ra raspocive Wi ihes.
OporahoNs
T hebe naude
1) Marage mort and control
2) measUYemOr and recording
3) mainbenara ad nopecion
kalies
4) I nstalaion oß nous

componets o tagcts
provide bet oß
toargeh componen
Tho on aupmat
orgy conburing equipment
Re eßicient ube oß Bolbued to
be looud
managpmot proc Hces Rat bhal quipmont. The
and onongy
Re bost perßormanca rolao to o
achiove Componono sha!
wndr target oeletig
fnotructons
xising pracBcas wel
w a
indudo guidonca or
feaboves,
qipmot wie ad vancad
consverahon guidoline
Scope oß norgy
maragamont CEn)
Tho De georay Bobus anrgy dioron ororgy
to neduo nrgy Implion
Po luois
ard wikes,
consuming procaAs
policy aYe providad.
The geroal guideinas for bha!
cauipat iies conidoed wdor Dca
Tho pimavy
be goupd.
S.NO NO.Me o Aecion 0 EOupmat Covered

Conbusion oa! Q8ilox vdusria Auranco

Rormtc ud haaoy
2. Haig, cooing ard ka lenaprBoilor, an yorom, cordoNS
DHealirg cqipmo rocovery Ayotem,industria luran
Rormic uid Rao}er,
DAin-condikoning ard hot uoater
Aupply cauipman Hoa ranspot caufpmont, ai
condiiontn equipnod, hot
water aupmat, Roxmic u
haer
a)e recoveu A
3. Waste hoat recovars and Bor, Condons
ndushria lurance gas turbine
Wsoge
gas engine, delgine, Bor
Dutd hoaer
CoNVY bon o hoa te Boilo, sheam urbine,
elooricihy uxbine gas rgine did
DPouor gororcion loci ihos
gine
) co gororalkon Baciihes
5. Preven Hon oÙ orogy la duo Boilor, btcam byotom, cordor
to haat Yodiaion and olectic coery aton, Pndiistrial
rebIbhance
Rornace, Ratri' ud hoaer
Prevenion o Hoat la dúe donyica tribuion syore
ro vodiaon ard condehon
Prevankon o ooericiy
YOrnca
6. convoNbion o ocricity
oocricits motor, Pnuslrial heaton,
hoabor, pumy
to moe Syaem aur compressor
 2. ENERGY CONVERSION IN ELECTRTCAl INDU gTNRTES
Con erbion o haat to caericky
pbo oGED UOe bold, ud and
The Ror mal power genorated
gaaous BualsBor
Buels qonoaig elooricity. The capve
grid or usod as
eloicis eiRor buppad o Ra baacd or
baáod n sro
gororaion may be
ete
power.
twbine,digaol oge, gas engio,
Fubine, gad
PoWER - GENERATTON UTTLITIES

Shandard components
maragoman and oono. s cacd Aoy
oY pblie
i) whieh i (LAcd Uor
armal pouer pant, erorohion ufliy,
A) A capve pouor
or
dâtribuon or dodioaBod shal be dacri had in
c o enty which
n l , pouor-goneralon faililes
shal be oporaed
manua. Fr ROr. muhpla le nDWNe a propr
ono
Ro Em maragd
paralol hall ba and improve Re
operaHrg n Ro uiio,describad n o EM
load dtribuion Shal be
overall lebney which
maual. conidenalion
bhal) tako into
aenoraon plant tlihy
uidiy Bor
Pouor geroyallon Overal
8) Tho terisico oß ach
hypial lood dibhvibuion while enring
charac
dotermining
eopnt operalion,
ard recordng
2) meosKment
Ro ovora or}ormare
maabe rooulta
bhal porieday bha recoYd Ra
De
A) Tihe gororaon wiiy and doscribgd
which shal be
oß pouon o Ra insructons,
according maual
n o EM
3) a
M a n a ad chon
oridicay inpcetd ard mainni.
A) The De shall ba oparaion ano
hrea and smoo
a trcublo-
posiale erorgy
ncgy oleioiarcy . Dekils:
achtoe Re highast shol a doscibad R
maitenace and vopscHon
marual.
Target compononto On-ling
rae-o- Ha - avt
Tha Dc sha? istal cquipmont lo
and

Duromad ard recording

maaburomet paYameters.
operairq
cenhol kau
CoGENERATTON UTTLITIES

Standard compnento
conro
Manage mot avd
reordirg
2. MaDUromgnt and
Mantanane and opeclon
3.

4o Ne ccOAbany
measuto inoraling now

acries.
Target eomPononbo
consido nsing now
no cogororaion
Tha Dc bhaln bheam Ihot woaBer
quanlity o}
wihy in o large availabi i}y oß eo haus
cColinuous
domard and We
hat
bhal apbre modiyng Re eoustrg
tur bine
The De
ec tracionback pr re
erairg cordiions o
overal Ror Ymane o} Re
o
o in umprovirg Ra
i hedeo whllo ensui ng Re sovies.
WFty
Prevenion o Nerqy lo due ro hat rodiabion and
loric resisoce
and cari} eroau ave commoriy
Themal erarqu
erorgy
vdustrial pro castas. Rodiaion lo tdas
ubd in various is contraled oy
zorco, which
plae in high emparabcuo reducig cag.
ßace and
betor inulaon on Re Du VariOs dioibutons
Yeisrance haina
locical ines Duch as
comehg moros ec.
syotoms, abes, ranjer mos,
temperabres o indushal }uYnaco
Surhace

Surfhce temporalive ()
Patameter Funace dasign temprare
(oc) ceilng side ul Botom
Upto bo0 10 75

Shandard 600 -1000 q0

more an lO00 120 120

up to bo0 6o
600 - 000 75 S5
Tlarget
moYe Pan 10OO 85
 Prevenion oß beieitu b dua tß ocrie reolanco

Target power Bactor

Load type TMarge Power ador
Tnduchon moór O-45

DSbuÑn dyNom
Tnduchon hutmace O.45
woding machine o.90 ard atove
De drives o.90 ad above
FuorObcOnt ampo95 Qhd above 1

Fo mokve power, haat ad ight

Cenvorbion o eloohrieiu
widdy usod
Electrid j moroYN aYe Comprer
Rans, lowor.
bloerby pum po,
Various loads, Awh as
ange o capac) iea o moro
wida Y Yange
Cnveyord, ete , A wide
applicahions,
a d or Rase
moing
Fror elbcviay çsà uadd or hading ad indushn:
Bunaes ad various types o8
applcatons, in
ighirg.
Pumpo and pwmung yslem
wido range oß appicaior
Uod o or a
are ubad
Pumps
RYough mechanical acion. Acasding
tos ranslor 9d
glud
basic oporaling prnciple
prncipe pumps (an be mecania
to
aclion,
Rer dymamic
diopacemant purnps. Dynamic pupseBeet pump
pumps ad dponld -
Pnto ceniugal
 Some Ra cenklugal umps udad by Ra ircustry
I) mono-lock pumps
) Eyd buci on pumpo
s) spur-ase pumps
4) Mu Nage pumps.
The qudolina cenhigugal pump, boiler laa
water pumpd (BF P), and veyh cal uYbine pumps
Indusial San and bwen
Tndustrial Aan and blouer bsems a r e
aír vo ames Bor gaaes bor ranoing
gererate ls- pYOb) UNe
YeNNence causod ua ho duct.
agait Re Ayst om
o Aar omponent.
damperb, or
Eßiclencg o JanS
Fan categoris peak eBciarey
rnge c )
Airfoil ba ckuard cUrvedl 79-83
in eined
modigied yadial 72-19

centrifugd fen Radial 69-75

PressNe bbwer 58-68
EOY Oavd cUwed 6o-65
Van olal 78-5
Tubo-aocial 67-72
Propear 45-5O
m3
volme)x Tola presure x\oO
Fan bBake eiciency C) =
Pouor iIP to lan Shalt
 t+Agproach) (Ranga
Raunge
Ooo5.o 7.0ool-
Afproach
valaoh Control Paramoler
louon oß
Cooling Paromoers lomance Per
aer.uYbng evaporat
og on
RioliA oß
tompraura bulb coct
we t edbso oaYa
ain oy ower pik
reduce
Ra to UaQd s cooing
Ab3 touoer cooling
wat
E}}rdiencg
OK2tiaieny a0LPD/-Lux
35-708 l00-I50 wosohouNO-orage
9t5o30097.
.82.0 150-30O
243-7-| oridar
Admithvahve
100
So0-95 50-h00 buithig
Adminishave
(wim) danai
y (Lu) area Ltghing
pouAor Lighling uminalion ago AveN
industries BoY (LPD) devoihy powor Lighing
Lghng
 POWER FACTIOR CONnROLLE R
3. ENEGRY CONSERVA TI ON US ING

Corce pt oß Power lacton

betwen vologe and eurrent in an a"C
* The Cosine oh angle
cicuit u Knoun as pouer foctor.

pouer (P) waltla oY ku

oAyI CobÓ and repr esents Re acive
(Q) in vAR or
reproent Re Yadive powor
and
AB= VI Sin b
kVAR.

ad reprosents Re apparent. power(s) in VA oy kVA.

VI

O8-
2
OA+AB 2

kw
cos =
k Pouer hactor, S

VI CoOØ A
VI Sn
VI

kw
kVAR kVA sin = sin
kVAR = kwtan
R
Rosstor
Power
Bactor
P
IL =
P= VI eos

39 P
 TyPES OF POWER FACTOR CORR ECTTON

k Efxed and semi-Auromakc pouer Bachor Corecon

2.Adomake pouer focten coyeeon

semi- AUomakc power achor ConecHon

o Fied and
DOL capacitors
cTYGcon alRouah Yecent changon
alernai ve omate
e auorahe
rhas tor "aadig pouar Baclor h
Mekadoldgy1apel4 dua ko potenhal
ass aachve
mada iod tapacilo
O Verco mpos ion.
auorakc whene a apa
xad
*A co mpromise beruan
roaized via Re moer circuihy Semi - Automak
onho
or wholo bi
conhroad capaciors do ro houaven Coreonsate
indivi duad mo moror
Pouor acer ad wi only caYect Ra
aappvozimatoy o.95P}
corecHon y
2. Automahie pouor lactor
A D aulemaic p. cowechon achiaved hrough Ra on
an
iduek ve locica!
nhro duchon o apacitor Slagas onto
byotem. conhe normaly providad Rrogh Ra intcqvakon o
deohonie davce in Ra orm oa power hactor conhol
Yada oeh monilors Re dual wn correcod powe yackor
Priae Capaor leges le Correch he
aPPYO
inducve load lo Pteprogyanmod lar go" po wor haor
Savinga ad boneia oß pouer Boc lor conbvoor
Redueion n pouor coNbUmpPon km /h laNOA
oleoricay bi í Re form oß
*Remova o porcied
on
YCacive power charges capacity
auRarikad bupply
Roduckon n apaay charge |
k harges
k Removal oY veduefon of
cavbon mijony
* Reducon in

t Roducon in civutcUNot

PFC Citcut cuent veduoon

kw (usehu pouar)
PF CAPPaent power)

Kw =kVA X P B

WVA = kw
P.f

De -Yahed pouwer bachoY CorrecRon

1 Syarem, vollage
De rao
Capacitor vologe2
 UNIT 5

|Domatc oR}zakon,.
lecrrical norgy means
too blien amngemona une par load Yequire op
amwgemOna
o wiring ayd
ad. aorical 'rig
and wirog
to Ra maní dy ibuion band à a wi
ighbo , hand ec
hiahhs pouer sup
styvctuYe to Ra t iby Pola Bor coninuas

dißfevent accesories
di3levcr Ra di rtbuion o olacvica)c
Arom Ra bupplior lo various atpuaoeN and cqipmon
home ka telovi bion, lamp, aur condionA , etc. In oh:
termo
eleorica, wiring s Be" eotiae Poo, dahibun
nbuton .ku
Re wirao n a per}a maRNor ,to, Qc¡remi c Uae oß cwirir
conductors inbda a oömiot bidirg wi l9 behon load
Canol.
Eletrical onegy da ribulion ngstem

o} pains o iqhts, lans and soc ker ou lob camo be

ex coad beyond lo and Ra max moM bod Pa can be

Case c moie bad or more poiNa to be

comected o Ra suppy bytem, Ron it s to be done
wi rg mo%e Ran One ciruit Rrough a) diibuton ba
Swem b) TYa Jyorem c) Joint box Aysem
sgslem
Goonalaqjranaats o} olecial nsalakona

a) Layout wfvlng

avd soc keh ouPlot poinh

c) Raling c amp, Aoun
oopinq n gem
d) Toint box and
disibuioh) e. main suppl
e)Recepfon and
Awitch boards
)Arangemont o apparatus On

Auppy oY Hiree phase, hour wire

g) single phaso supply

sub -dishnbuion böard

cicuul,diversity, Diveraity hachor for Nub cicuat
y i) gub

O Tnduchion
2. based applcakioNA
eamduchon Nhor tened way ol ayi ng olodongroh
a utsk), inducton mdan gororakurq obha
fvduetion'.Ih Ral
T
I Aror
Srems romn Re bimpla Boct
from
Using magrohsm. aron't AopaYae, unconneeched
cbeticiy and magnshbm aspeb o Wa bamo
higs bot hwo dilloren
phonomanan elace magrshAM.
Urdor Dying
 The basic hama aplänos hasal h on ducton kechro
1. Rice CaokDIA

2. FyyeNS

Lvduelion ebRbtuhas
& Trdukon dhargors
7. UPS

Tnduchon molor boaed

moler o Ra most common ypa o Ae m
T duelon
rooadays. Tho robusohstneicn (requres a
boug ubod
mainhanan co. FoY louatt and spoad vali ng,
iduckon molors an la pen i ve Ran Dc machinc

*FOrodA ingle- phasz ard hic pkaa oporaio

indudonmoors are conshUched si plosenduch on
morors are many cd Bor dcmas iclechhal oppli an o
Such as ans Yelyig2tot, u

for fndushrial applical'ons.

 VPS
3. ONLINE- OFFLTNE

e UPs an abb revialion on unintenup; ble poua bupuby

o Bat provi das a constat
and e Yason }or u name

Qny
wikout ay iterupBon.
buppy o power
4 A'UPS bybtem wiize a De power Nored fn ho
A backup soUrce.
batery
loadh
Ac out to
DC
De Ac
Ymais
n Yechiier jn verter
TYansle
bwitch
Bateny

o UPS
Types
). on-ine UPS

2. of-Xine UPS

3. E locvonic gororatovs

J. on-ìne vPS
powor Brom Re Ac maus to
OPS a suppls
Combinaon,
Yeci)ier ard invorter
Ra bad tarough Ra
Re
It con inuowly draus cUnat Jrom
4
battery.
 mains Ac iP
main hor;onaandua pYobec labed. bo
i
operahon
NOTma dorts
taAIt *The
Power
faure
Rehab inpat maonhire
De oubput a
8ler
high-pe brge
Batery pplhy
Rahery conttorchargen hload Noad
ad
L
gormae changer
euYenbalarg
cuCut
rom Ra'
input load
0 outpt
volkage are
oad Ac AC
because complerdy
spike
i
 ONFLINE
alock dogom
Nomal opandlon
Sroic
mal

charge
Cantal
Periler
nwaere

Pouser Salic
mans |Ac
tranlor
bwitch
|lood

AC
Jailwe
Bateny

* the UPS Hat buppy Ra Ac

mains pouwer daiec a
load.
* It onla draws curront Brom he botery durig
prirary Se
Sourca gaire or power outa4e

* It Yyiras a mall hanger eiNcçat bQ aca

only charges Ra bateny.

* It tuYns ON only at pouen
choapor SPan onlire ups.
h. EarlAng byolem bon domase
leming Re immadiake d
The Pro cess o Ha Jerirg
direcy o Re cah bu
by Ra holp
Ra cloe ial okONg Ra olocical ar
low rosranco wite

Domas ic ear ing damage un

changes oß AoxVe
Tha human bong has ml; amps pates
lecti'cal cument o
it wiin a Yapid ime span

malaril hor elari cal aa h

Roauiral

ka, ypicaBy Amal buckoks.

* Riven sard
* Sa- 50 kg

* charcoal - 15 kg
lcet witR Yand om iomm di ad -I nu
WOEkGA Pipe io
make

water to }0 Ro pi inaay de Yedue Re

checking hallies oß xihng earth pit.
kUbe ear YOstance tester, He arh YOibtance
, which considor asgood corhig.
value las Ran 5

we must dooreae Ro
Ra or
ar resiyan ce
valwe.
k Laae pouor braton - o.5 ohm

* major powex taion - l o ohmy

* Sma bubotaion - 2,0 ohmo

In al ohor 5.0 hms