B0 MOLECULES

BIO tMOLECUL

mpau so Elementg paert

n
Table 1 N6n-living and Liviog maltu
Eexment leight o
Ea Cust
Eemen Huronbcdy

Cowpotln Hyduogen 14
Caubom 8 So
Huno)
otdy 46 6 GSO
O
NiGogeen Vey 1itHe 3

Tablo: 2

E lemen Heigleght
Easths Cust Humbody
Elumuk
Compo6 Sulphu O03 3
2
Sodi wm 8
i
Calciw
atbs
MOQneum
SIiCm neglgibk
 I n O1ganic Consitunta ivig 4issues
TMOQneAiur 0ala
& Sodium, poke0um, Calawm, 0
2
* Comypcurds Noc, ao3, SOA
PP , So4

Howo anaR e C hemical ComposiHon ?

FOR INORCANIC OmRJoNos
FOR ORGANIC (ompourds

an iving issue
any ving wSSu
Take Take
Lleigh i t -Jet weighs

it in clccOH
Cuind th
aCd) Day it; A
aCatic
(Ta Chloro wat eNapoRaty

Cuirg motfai pete

egh it -Du
hucKS uy weught
l e obteun a

cheRk Buun he DAy +SSue

StRaun hiu Ni Casbon Compord &

cloth Coto) Oi'duged toqoeousho)

CCo Wali Vopouu)

e btain TwO
Remaununy Glled
FRACT1ONS

ASH
RETENTATE Iroonc
FlITRATE Incgoni e
AcID IN SOLUBLE eemany CsPrurd b
ACio So LUBL E poo
Poot
Ca Mg Sulphala
phosphale
 Caohsdsda ,
PAolans Nucuc atd
,

l0 MA CRoMOLECOLES)

LIPID
Relexhate (Acdinsolubla Poo
MolaCular Wegh
o e than
O00 Dalton
plo
MjCRO Peptent
and ogel
MOLECUE Cto plazm

R e p i u e n t Cydopbsmic

FLTRAE 06 MOla Guar weght

AcID SOLUBLE PoOL han
looo Dalto)

lO MICRO MO LECULES

Sugas
Aminoa éds

Fattyaads

ayCino
Nittogenous bay
 Bro M CRO MOLECOLE

AMINO ACIDS
X - Canbon aminoacds

Ohgouc Compordd
Amuno a ads
mu nogioup (NH)
Contarni
audic CCasboyl-Cco) Cuf
and
SAME CARBON
S U B S T I T U E D M E T H A N E S
M E T H A N E S

THEY ARE
Subsituentb goups Ocupy
Occuprg
Fou
valunt posihicn
the FO

-COoH
NH

R- Vamant guoup
R
-

Hyduou4 mely
R - me
R- Hyodoger)
S2unL.
Aanun
H
Glycune H NH-C-CooH

C-CooH NH c-c00H
NH
CHa CH-OH
H
AS
 ACIDIC8ASENaTRAL AMINCCDS

AMINOJCAPBONYL
on he umbes4
Bazed olefeumund
oleleumnd
be
Chenica
naline wil
geups

AMINOACID)
ACIDIC CARBOxYL

AG AMINO GROUPS

lutamic oGd
CAR BOxYL GROUPS
GROOP
BASE AMINO ACID) BOxYL
CAR
AmINOGROUPS

A
Ex YSine
BL EX
AMINOAC D
NEUTRAL CARBOX yL
yL GROUA
GROUA
CARBOx
CROUPs=

NV
AMINO

EX
Vaue.

ACIDS
AMINO
AROMATI C
phenylalamine Tuptopha)
JysoS,

TPT
 and
phymCal popehas
he Chem Ca
fhe
amunoaa ds aLe emenually
d he R-fundluonel uop
Om no Casboy

Ptopesty amuhoacd

A a t iGuat
nauua d -NH
oniable
- COOH Roups
and dhteenk P
Hena in
souuor
8ucuue
ds
amiunoaCd Changes

he
Catimc foA)
N -C H -COoH
Co

ZWITTER 10NIC F0RM

+
HN - CH CoO
CoO
 BlO MAC RO MOLECULER e l e n t a l
A c d in3oluLlo

PROTEIN of.

+AminoaCd
Amino acd
Dipepthdee)
+Amiaoocd A
A m
m in
inoO
oocd
c4)

H n u n 0 a a d

Tu pephde
+
AA
A
A+ A4
A 4
A A
A
POPpe
Poly pephou
oteing

H - COOH

H N - C - C O O H
N
R

R Dehydiaisn
OH+H= H0
H
H
COoH O
HN-C2
co-NH N
D
ALa . Dipephde
DehydIaJus)
 minoaads a Peoteu

May CorBaun many

PAoleun
A amuno aCAds

4
Stidun-|leuuri
-+huonurd
alue-H
Proline
Lett
Glutami POline

end
acd

utamic

Righr
end
HETERO
er
aad
PoLY MER

A
A
A Pgh
Le end
C-Heuminm
end N- fumuna Omincacd
aminOacd

amunooudi
e, He
he
Sguona
The n Poteun
Pokuh
0foAmaluov i
PO&ional amunodcd

aled4
Ond
Se Coma
STRUCTORE
PRIMARy
neetsrikanth.blogspot.com
 pAoden hAeod doos nof
A
haough Out O Gn eulendad und od

he hAeod iholdad
(Similia do a Aesalving &Bau hR)
Hell.

SECONDA RY 3TRUCTURE

HE
H ICES
EI CES
handud
handod
onky ight
In pMolein a Chseved

Io addticn i olso
Photein Chau
Long itsel a hollow

tol ded upon aue to he

te
OOolen bal givlng
ox,/d
TERTIARY

STRUCT URE

STRUCTURE
ERNARY

OUA RT
Teray
Testauy

CLOBI CPAofe

Telha

Haamoglobiy
 u a e u n a y SkuciM

moe
Syme Ptoleing ae auomhy d

ha On polypephid Sub unut&

Subunt Subuhu
C ,
B,Subun BSobt

thse individeuiah
in which
The mnnaR oue
ot Suh anugg
olded poly peptid s
rThAespeg
to eadh oth
aMage4
Ag 4phee atie
i nnat
CaChOhe
one upon
aManged
aphes
Cube o plak
n he hrtm4

PAopeke PAoters
amunooad

Ploleun
i3 P mL
xFath aminoacds a n makelyp
in olganuny
kganum
in
ptoteuru
al ye 4

Helo Poty meL

Synthiu protnN
FoL h
am
a mui
nooa
o Ccdd
u
Aome
Synthague
we amunoaca
*|Non-
esen ial
ha to Obtain
amuiogcdy
Some

o orek only
neetsrikanth.blogspot.com
aminoaCud
E SSenias
 PROTE
IN

CLUT-4 Gutote
Aanzpo Guf 4
Enable Gu oe
Cela
aliulal qourd SubSfana
Tnle
pollage

RI T Sin Ene
toRmoNA.
0 Ensul aRauns t inoclry
1necluy
agauns t
Figh
Anhbody

E
Ka Cap os
a TaanA pOvRL
Can be
So il
So a tba
PAOleun an ens
a H mnA
inktory
int
9ht
Gan

senioy
e cap
Recupu
a
be
Can

aburdant pMOlein
MOS aburoaNt Mo
whoe q e
pAOHeu in he in tha
anima Odd Bi0sphoe

Ru Bis Co
CoLLAGEN
Ribuloe B photphalk
ahoyae -0yqrage,
 BIOMICROMOLECULE

LI PIDS
Retentat
Acid insoub poa

h
PADpehes MoleCular weig
insolubl les t h a
daki
800a l l
hae oth
MOn Upids
Many
d ycaot
acidls
Faty
LIPID
SIMPLE
Faty aGds
allaChed to anR
Rggp
p
Caxhoxu p
Could be aE h y l methgl (-CA)
R- Goup -c2H

H i g h e numbe
L -CH Gaups|
ICasbom to 1 Cathons
ARachidon'cacd
Pol mic acid
Casbors
16Caskon Includung
CIncludung Guboyi zap)
Gauhoxyl zeup
eatoom)

thout
C C bomd
i
Salisalad Falyaids
-

one
one oa mGta
me
-with
Salaaled
Falyacd
Un CC bond.
 neetsrikanth.blogspot.com
Glyana :Simple ipid
T hydaoy pho pane
e t e ied oi th Gu uet
Falttyacd
MonoqlyCuids
auda + GlyCet
-

IFal
add + Gya DglyGuide
Faty TglyCawdes
+ GyCuet
3 Fatty acud
points upids
Based
Cn molthing
Called FakHighe melHng point
point
Lowe mulhirg
Oil
aingellg oil

/phosphsty lalad
+phesphotouw 0 A g o n e Comoundi
Lipid&
L
Phospho lpids Leci
Lecithin
Ceu membane
in
Found mo
hawe pids i
Newnal Comploe Skudiy
neetsrikanth.blogspot.com
 ARE NOT
LIPIDS
STRICTLY MACROMaLECULEG

Ovadobe
aud inaou ble
insdubl,
Ahy
Hhy
alo 4
achon Relentali

m c huks
mauw
Bo

in Call Momkan
ae aiarged

Lipids Gh Cyto oigonale

onbln
moSt
Ond

a SSue

und
h e n we 0 munhones
xokan
htokun
ond 0he4
Cll mambiana

and hom /ESICLES

n t o pieces
ae oCoale solub
which

inhe
Aemau
Hence h
pooekentalt
insoubla
Acid
mde c l
io maclo
gdlo i
almg

neetsrikanth.blogspot.com
 BIO MICRO MOLECULES

Svgas Filha
Acid
30ubl fac
GucO
-

MONO
FAuCho SACHARIDES Repaeent Cqtoplasmne

CmponH0
alacoAe,

BIO M A C R OM O L E C U L E

CPolySackad
Caubo Hycluala
- Raenlala
Long chau)
inouba poa
Cellulok 4 Sugs
-
Aud

Staich -Rptujent
Thheoo u'ke

Tnulin and Contaun

m o n g i a c h o a u d e

B u d u bloca
alycogen
Chiio
Mgi Complen poysahandy

Amino-Sugau (PAotntCathoh ct)

*

CluCo 8amune

N -a c t galaCtosamire

neetsrikanth.blogspot.com
Cellulose

Polymu meu d Glucw

HOmopolyma
G oal
ar a Form plot
Pape made um plont pup
Collukwe.
and CoHen ibre is

Centein he y
Calluuloe does nof

and hena Connot

hotd Lo
in Todne fest
So 0o bue Colou

4StauCh stox house enug i

Plant SSues
Polym FOrme heli al seCondoly
Skucu
Gucoe Hence Hence

appea
Can
blu
hold Colou
Todurie
Tocuna fest+
Glycogan ood d Aniaals
StoAad
poly m
Chaun
In a Polysackawid
Right erd 4

Gucoe CoM: Gly Coge) laftenrd

end;
duam
Called ond
n o m - R a d u a r y

allad
i as g
ghhoo
uun
as
bianchs

has
has
Castoon.

oim d
in he

FAuCh
Tnul
Tnulin
Polyme q
p o y mL

FAucoe

Chilin Complen polytachade

Homopd-ogiesarue
Atthopod
: Exosaleteo
oal.
Grd Fungal Call
 BOMICRO MO LECULE
ikogenos baye
Filkala

Aad solusboe poaf

KNikogun Contairur Caclic

in ucleic acds.
Cmpaurds
hound
Puunws Adanuine, Auarune
a uanune

Thymine/uaul,
Cglosine
Cyhos ine.

Pynamoin
phosphala Nuclohide

Sugas Ba+

0 Base N u c l e o i d e

&ugan +

Adeno Sine
A d a n o sine
=
| NO
Adenine + Suga

ugau
uChuanosine
anosie CL
uanie + Thy m i d e
Thymune + Sua
Ciolina SIDES
CyloS i e + Sugal
Udin
n a a l + SugaL=

Acenylie ads
phosphala-
+ Suga4
Adunine
acid
phosphala Guanylic
NO Chuonine+
Sugar + add
phopat hdylic
CL + Sugat
EO Qytosine + photphale-
Thymigylic
acd
Thymune
+ Suga tr = uidylei
Trdes
.
Phophat

+ Sugan 4 hcd
a C
 ae Helao Cdie Cormpurds
Nucleofids
mmde uP
CONA RNA)
au
aad
Nluclic
Nucleo tidu

BiO MACRO MIOLECOLES

Helao pokym 4
NUCLEO TIDES

Called
relaaoBam
NOCLEIC ACIDS
DNA RNA Relertaa
PiomauoMoeuley

Acid iolubl pazi

8hards auaged
polynucohd DoveLE HELIX
DNA to hom
an paialMa
Contain Nikogenous b a
AT +De oy aiboge S a

+hespha
Suga-phosphata- Sugat chain

abaear Callad Back B e

DNA.
O n ull tun Heicalhard

has
ho l0 Sleps (10 baepiu)
full One tuun 34
ngt
man3.4A each 3p
T

AT-
3.4AP

EC S
T A -S

CE S
S
-SA
S -A=T
A =T
-S <

S
S -EL
GECEC
-S
CE
 BONDS
AT
GEC (S)
Thumu
Adunune binds with

i Hyduogen bond

Gyosina
Guanne binds
3 Hydu0gen borda

and
Bord Bord behueen Sugot
base is Callad
Nikogenau
CIyCo SIDIC BOND

phoapal
S i tA
Suga
beheen
Bond
(ESTER BoND
ia Calld
to 3 Caubon
attaches
phosphate
ad S
Glbon 4
one Sde
Sugar PHOSPopJESTER
n 0 e Sde .
Supa
- GNP
 amino auds
L i n a Chang 4 by pephde Bond
laCh 0Hu
bind
Chaun4monosachauides bird
bond
bnd
byGycosidie
othu
each