UNIT –II MATHEMATICS

WEEK 3

Name: _________________________________________ Date: October 25,2021

___________________________
Grade & Section: VI- B.F. SKINNER Subject Teacher: MR. SILVERIO V. ESTEVES
Jr.
Lesson 4 Solving Percent Problems
TARGET
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson, learners are able to:
 understand how to solve problems involving percent problems like problems
involving discounts, original price, rate of discount, sale price, mark-up price,
commission, sales tax and simple interest.

Discount (D) is a decrease in the price of an item. It refers to the amount to be deducted from the original price.
Original Price (OP) is the regular price charged of the item.
Discount Rate (DR) is the percent taken off from the original price.
Sale Price (SP) is the net price or discounted price. It is the price of the item after the discount has been
deducted.

Discount and Sale Price both represent percentage, original price represents the base and discount rate
represents the rate.

Example 1: Solving for Discount and Sales Price

A dress was sold for ₱500.00 at a 16% discount. How much is the discount or how much can be save? How
much is the selling price?

Solution: DR=16%, OP= ₱500.00, D = ?, SP=?

Using the discount formula, you have:

Discount (D) = Discount Rate (DR) x Original Price (OP) or D= DR x OP

D = ₱ 500.00 x 16%
= ₱ 500.00 x 0.16
= ₱ 80.00
Using the Sale Price formula, you have

Sale Price (SP) = Original Price (OP) - Discount (D) or SP = OP - D

SP = ₱ 500.00 - ₱80.00
= ₱ 420.00
Answer: The discount is ₱ 80.00 and the sale price is ₱ 420.00.

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BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT-ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICS 6
 UNIT –II MATHEMATICS
WEEK 3
Example 2: Solving for Original Price.
A wristwatch was sold for Php 2500.00 with a 20% discount. What was the original price of the
wristwatch?
Solution: DR=20%, SP=2,500, OP =?
Using the other formula for sale price, you have:
Sale Price (SP) = Original Price (OP) x (100% - DR) or SP = OP x (100– DR)
SP = OP x (100% - 20%)
2500 = OP x 80% substitute the given
2500 = OP x 0.80 change 80% to decimal

OP x 0.80 = 2500 exchange and divide both sides by 0.80.

0.80 0.80
OP = Php 3,125.00

Answer: The original price of the wristwatch is Php 3,125.00.

In some instances, the seller add a particular amount on the items or goods to be sell for the profit. From
the original price, the amount added is the markup price and the new amount is called the selling price.
Markup and selling price represent both the percentage, cost represent the base, and the markup rate
represent the rate. Here are the following terms that can help you to understand this particular topic.
Markup (M) is the increase in the price of an item.
Markup Rate (MR) is the percent to be added to the cost of item.
Cost (C)is the original amount of the item.
Example 3: Solving for Markup Price
To have the profit, the business woman adds a markup price of Php 4.00 on all the plastic products that bought
in divisoria. What is the markup rate of the plastic bottle if the cost is ₱50.00? What will be the markup or
selling price?

Solution: M = Php 4.50, C = Php 50.00, MR =? SP = ?

Using the other formula for Markup price, you have:
Markup Rate (MR) = Markup (M) ÷ Cost (C ) x 100% or MR = (M ÷ C) x 100%
MR = M x 100%
C
= 4.50 x 100 Substitute the given.
50
= 0.09 x 100 Divide Then multiply by 100.
MR = 9 %

Answer: The markup rate of the plastic bottle is 9%.

Using the other formula for Sale price, you have:

Sale Price (SP) = Cost (C) + Markup (M) or SP = C + M
SP = C + M
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JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT-ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICS 6
 UNIT –II MATHEMATICS
WEEK 3
= Php 50.00 + Php 4.50
= Php 54.50
When someone sell your product, you need to him give some amount of money for his effort or certain
percentage for the sales. The percent or amount that he/she will receive is called commission.
The commission and sale proceeds both represent percentage, total sales represents the base and the
commission rate represents the rate. Study the following terms below. This will help you to understand this
lesson.

Commission (C)is an amount of money a person receives for selling something.

Total Sales (TS) is the total amount of sales made by the salesperson.
Commission Rate (CR) is the percent taken off from the selling price.
Sale Proceeds (SP) is the amount that remains after the deduction of the commission.

Example 4: Solving for Commission

Mr. Lazo, a car agent receives an 8% commission on the car he sells. What is his commission if he sold a car
at Php 1,550,000.00? How much will be the sale proceeds?
Solution:
TS = Php 1,550,000.00, CR= 8%, C = ? SP = ?
Using the commission formula, you have:
C = TS x CR
= Php1,550,000 x 8% Substitute the given
= Php 1,550,000 x 0.08 Change 5% to decimal.
C = Php 124,000.00
Answer: Mr. Lazo’s commission is Php 124,000.00
Using the sale proceeds formula, you have;
SP = TS - C
= Php1,550,000.00 - Php 124,000.00
SP = Php1,426,000.00
Answer: The Sales proceeds is Php 1,426,000.00

Example 5:
Mr. Lazo was given a commission of Php120,000.00 of 6% commission rate for selling a house and lot. How
much is the total sales of the house and lot that he sold?
Solution:
TS = ?, C = ₱120,000.00, CR = 6%
TS = C ÷ CR
= Php120,000 ÷ 6%
= Php 120,000 ÷ 0.06 Change 6% to decimal.
TS = ₱ 2,000,000.00

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JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT-ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICS 6
 UNIT –II MATHEMATICS
WEEK 3
Answer: The total sales of House and Lot is Php 2,000,000.00

SALES TAX
When you buy some products in the fast food, supermarkets and other store, you will noticed on your receipt
that there is Value Added Tax (VAT) or sales tax.

In restaurant, the family ordered foods that has a total amount of ₱856.00 plus 12% sale tax. How much is the
sales tax? How much is the total amount paid to the cashier?
Solution:
Sales tax = Total Amount of Products x Rate of Sales Tax
ST = TP x RST
= ₱ 856.00 x 12%
= ₱ 856.00 x 0.12
ST = ₱102.72
Computing the total amount to be paid
Total amount = ₱ 856.00 + sales tax
= ₱ 856.00 + 102.72
= ₱ 958.72 SIMPLE INTEREST
Do you wonder why your mother or father save money in the bank? When your mother or father deposit their
money in a savings bank, the bank will pay them a small amount for using their money. This amount is called
interest.
SIMPLE INTEREST
Do you wonder why your mother or father save money in the bank? When your mother or father deposit their
money in a savings bank, the bank will pay them a small amount for using their money. This amount is
called interest.
Interest (I) is an amount of money earned for using another’s money over a period of time.
Principal (P) is the amount of money deposited, invested or borrowed.
Rate of Interest (R) is the percent added to the principal, amount borrowed or invested.
Time (T) is the length of time which money has been deposited or borrowed. It always computed in terms of
year.
Amount Due (AD) is the total amount to be paid or received after a certain period of time that the principal
has been borrowed or deposited.
Example 5: Solving for Simple Interest
Mr. Lazo opens a savings account in Commercial Bank where the money earns 1.8 interest per year. If he has
Php 9,500.00 in his savings account, how much interest will his money earn in 1 year?
Solution:
I = ?, P = ₱9,500, R = 1.5%, T = 1 year
Using the interest formula, you have;
I=P x R x T
= Php 9,500 x 1.5% x 1
= Php 9,500 x 0.015 x 1
= Php 142.50

Example 6: Solving for Principal

Deo Lagario borrowed money from the lending company at 6% interest. If he paid an interest of Php 450.00
after 19 months, how much money did he borrow?
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JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT-ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICS 6
 UNIT –II MATHEMATICS
WEEK 3
Solution:
P = ?, I = Php 510.00, R = 6 %, T = 19 months = 1.7
Using the interest formula, you have;
P = I
RxT
= ₱450
6% x 1.7 Substitute the given.

= 0.06 x 1.7 Change 6% to decimal. Multiply

0.06 x 1.7 = 0.102
= ₱510
0.102
P = ₱ 5,000.00
Answer: Jaybee borrowed ₱5,000.00.
SCORE
Learning Task No. 7
A. Directions: Complete the table below.

Selling Price Rate of Discount Discount Sale Price

1) Php 950.00 20%

2) Php 550.00 35%

3) Php 1,550.00 ₱697.50

Original Price Mark-up Rate Mark-up Price Selling Price

4) Php 950.00 20%

5) Php 550.00 35%

6) Php 1,550.00 Php 697.50

Total Sales Rate of Commission Commission

7) Php 15,000.00 5%

8) 14% ₱20,458.00

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JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT-ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICS 6