Chapter 3

Classification of Elements and

Periodicity in Properties
1. Answer (1) 12. Answer (1)
Na+ > Li+ > Mg2+ > Be2+ Atomic number = 71
2. Answer (1) Electronic configuration:
2– – + 2+ 3+ [Xe]6s2 4f14 5d1 m last electron
O > F > Na > Mg > Al
? Orbital occupied by last e– is 5d
Decreasing ionic radii with increasing effective 13. Answer (4)
nuclear charge for isoelectronic species.
Carbon is smallest being 2nd period element and Cs
3. Answer (4) belongs to 6th period so largest. On moving from
Fact. left to right, size decreases so C < S < Al < Cs

4. Answer (2) 14. Answer (4)

5. Answer (3) Correct order of electronegativity is

Si > Al
The increasing order of first ionisation enthalphy of
the given elements is Ba < Ca < Se < S < Ar . S>P
6. Answer (3) Se > Te
Radius of N3–, O2– and F– follow order Ge > Ga.

N3– > O2– > F– 15. Answer (3)

As per inequality only option (3) is correct Element with Z = 120 will belong to alkaline earth
metals.
that is 1.71 Å, 1.40 Å and 1.36 Å
16. Answer (1)
7. Answer (3)
Iso-electronic species differ in size due to different
Sc is d-block element having high Zeff hence high effective nuclear charge.
ionisation enthalpy.
17. Answer (3)
8. Answer (3)
Symbol for 1 is u
Mg2+, Na+, O2– and F– all have 10 electrons each.
and for 9 is e
9. Answer (4)
? IUPAC symbol for 119 is Uue.
Down the group
18. Answer (1)
Electronegativity decrease as size increases
Alkali metals have high difference in the first
ionisation and the second ionisation energy as they
1
EN v achieve stable noble gas configuration after first
size
ionisation.
10. Answer (4) 19. Answer (3)
Second electron gain enthalpy of oxygen is positive. Atomic numbers of N, O, F and Na are 7, 8, 9 and
11. Answer (1) 11 respectively. Therefore, total number of electrons
in each of N3-, O2–, F– and Na+ is 10 and hence they
Be and Al show diagonal relationship. are isoelectronic.

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20. Answer (3) 26. Answer (3)

Order for I.E. is
Ti < Mn < Ni < Zn C N O F
Size decreases
Cl
21. Answer (1)
Br Size increases
Phosphorus has atomic number equal to 15. Its
group number is 15, it has 5 valence electrons and I
valency equal to 3.
Correct increasing order of atomic radii i
22. Answer (3) F < O < C < Cl < Br

Nuclear charge B > Be

27. Answer (4)
Ionisation energy Be > B
Oxide(s) Nature
p
Na2O, CaO, MgO, Li2O Basic
(due to ns2 outer electronic configuration)
SO3, Cl2O, P4O10, N2O3 Acidic
Be = 1s2 2s2 (more stable)
Al2O3 Amphoteric
B = 1s2 2s2 2p1
28. Answer (3)
23. Answer (4)
1st I.E. of Be > B
Electron gain enthalpy is most negative for chlorine
followed by fluorine and bromine and least negative In case of Be, electron is removed from 2s orbital
for iodine among given elements. which has more penetration power, while in case of
B electron is removed from 2p orbital which has less
So, F(–333 kJ mol–1)
penetration power.
Cl(–349 kJ mol–1)
2p electron of B is more shielded from nucleus by
Br(–325 kJ mol–1) the inner electrons than 2s electrons of Be
I(–296 kJ mol–1) ? It is easier to remove 2p electron than 2s electron.
24. Answer (3) 29. Answer (4)
Order of energy released upon electron gain Atomic radius decreases on moving left to right in
periodic table, while other three properties given
F < Cl
increases (in magnitude) on moving left to right
S > Se across a period.
Li > Na 30. Answer (4)
25. Answer (3) In periodic table in a period on moving from left to
Ionisation energy of elements belonging to period III right as atomic number increases the nature of
in general increases as we move from left to right oxide follows the order basic, amphoteric and acidic
with the exception of Group-2 and Group-15 i.e., oxide of X is basic, oxide of Y amphoteric oxide
elements due to their stable configuration. The of Z is acidic
increasing order of first ionisation energy of the given Hence atomic number follows the order
elements is
Z>Y>X
Na < Al < Mg < Si
31. Answer (1)
Ionisation energy of the given metals are For Unnilennium
Na : 496 kJ/mol ; Al : 577 kJ/mol IUPAC symbol – Une
Mg : 737 kJ/mol ; Si : 786 kJ/mol Atomic No. – 109
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32. Answer (4) O–(g) + e– o O2–(g) (endothermic)

Under hypothetical situation, the value of l is greater z EGE of H(g) is negative while that of Ar(g) is
than n which varies from 0 to n + 1 positive due to ns2np6 configuration.

n for n = 1, l = 0, 1, 2 2nd EGE is always positive for an atom

n = 2, l = 0, 1, 2, 3 z Ionization potential of an atom is positive

Elements follow the following electronic configuration 38. Answer (1)

Filling of electrons in orbitals in any period takes
1s 1p 1d 2s 2p 2d 2f
place as:
Atomic number (Z) = 9
ns, (n – 2)f (n – 1)d np
1s2 1p6 1d1 if possible if possible

Atomic number 6 ? for sixth period n = 6,

1s2 1p4 orbitals that are filled are 6s, 4f, 5d and 6p
Atomic number 8 39. Answer (1)
1s2 1p6 For isoelectronic species, as the no. of protons
Atomic number 13 increases, size of ions decreases.

1s2 1p6 1d5 ? Correct order of ionic radii

Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2– < N3–
Here atomic number of first noble gas will be 18
40. Answer (4)
33. Answer (2)
Elements with atomic number 21, 25, 42 and 72
Be < Mg (atomic radius)
belongs to transition metals.
Be > Al (I.E1) 41. Answer (101)
Be  Al (Charge/radius ratio) Unnilunium
Both Be and Al form mainly covalent compound. IUPAC symbol = Unu
34. Answer (1) Atomic no. (Z) = 101
There is a sudden jump after I.E. due to 3 rd 42. Answer (4)
attainment of noble gas configuration. So, the
Across the period, generally ionization enthalpy
number of valence electrons in this element are 3. increases but half filled and fully filled configuration
35. Answer (2) are stable and may change the regular trend.
Actinoids contains 14 elements with atomic number P has more IE1 than S because of half filled.
90 to 103. Hence element with atomic number 101 Al has lower IE1 than Mg because of effective
is Actinoids. shielding of 3P electrons from the nucleus by 3s-
Element with atomic number 104 is a d-block electrons.
element of group 4 Finally order should be
36. Answer (4) P > S > Si > Mg > Al
Among isoelectronic species, greater the Zeff 43. Answer (4)
smaller will be the radius. On moving left to right in periodic table, ionisation
Order of Zeff : O2– < F– < Na+ < Mg2+ energy increases (generally) but group-13 elements
have lesser I.E than group-2 due to stable ns2
Order of Ionic Radii : O2– > F– > Na+ > Mg2+ electronic configuration of group-2 elements and
37. Answer (2) group-15 elements have greater I.E than group-16
elements due to half-filled stable np3 configuration
Ar(g) + e– o Ar–(g) (Endothermic) of group-15 elements.
H(g) + e– o H– (g) (exothermic) ? Overall order of I.E should be
Na(g) o Na+(g) + e– (endothermic) c>b>a>d
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44. Answer (3) 52. Answer (3)

CaO – Basic Ionic radii (in pm)

SiO2 – Acidic Na+ 102

K+ 138
B2O3 – Acidic
Mg2+ 72
N2O – Neutral
Al3+ 53.5
BaO – Basic
Generally higher the charge on cation smaller will
45. Answer (4) be its ionic radius.
Correct order of electron gain enthalpy is Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < K+
S > Se > Te > O 53. Answer (3)
46. Answer (2) For isoelectronic species, as the charge on nucleus
increases, the ionic radius decreases F–, O2– and
X(Z = 33) = As (metalloid)
N3– has 10 electrons each. The decreasing order
Y(Z = 53) = I (non-metal) of their ionic radii is

Z(Z = 83) = Bi (metal) N3– > O2– > F–

47. Answer (4) ? N3– is bigger than both O2– and F–

54. Answer (4)
The magnitude of electron gain enthalpy of halogen
atoms down the group shows abnormal behaviour. NaOH – Basic
The |'Heg| of F is lower than that of Cl due to its Ca(OH)2 – Basic
smaller size. The incoming electron experiences Be(OH)2 – Amphoteric
higher repulsive force due to valence electrons of F
Al(OH)3 – Amphoteric
than Cl. The correct order is Cl > F > Br > I
B(OH)3 – Acidic
48. Answer (1)
55. Answer (1)
Order of ionic size Na+ > Mg2+ > Al3+
All elements belong to 3rd period in periodic table.
49. Answer (3)
First ionisation energy of Mg is small than Argon Al < Mg < S < P
and chlorine but higher than Na. Electron is 3 s23p 3
So X o Argon removing from Half filled
s subshell configuration
Y o Chlorine
56. Answer (3)
Z o Sodium
For isoelectronic species, as nuclear charge
50. Answer (4)
increases radius decreases.
The element E belongs to group-13 and period-4. Greater the positive charge, lesser the size of ion.
The element belonging to period-5 and placed Greater the negative charge, larger the size of ion.
diagonally to E has the electronic configuration
? P3– > S2– > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+
[Kr]4d105s25p2
57. Answer (2)
51. Answer (3)
Metallic character decreases on moving left to right
At the time of D.I. Mendeleev, structure of atom and non-metallic character increases, it is due to
was not known. increase in ionisation enthalpy. But electron gain
enthalpy also increases from left to right.
Element with atomic number 101 is known as
Mendelevium. Reason is not correct.

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58. Answer (2) 64. Answer (2)

Oxides NO, N2O, CO – neutral oxides
B2O3, N2O5, SO3, P4O10 – acidic oxides
Na2O o Basic
65. Answer (4)
As2O3 o Amphoteric • Covalent radius is not double of atomic radius.

N2O o Neutral • Radius of anionic species is always greater than

their parent atomic radius as nuclear charge
NO o Neutral decreases in anionic counterpart.
66. Answer (4)
Cl2O7 o Acidic
On moving down in a group ionisation energy
Hence, only one amphoteric oxide is present. decrease
59. Answer (2) or (4)
? 1st ionisation enthalpy order is Li > Na > K
Te o –190 kJ mol –1
Zn has more ionisation energy as compared to Ga
Po o –174 kJ mol –1 because of their pseudo inert gas configuration.
67. Answer (2)
F o –333 kJ mol–1
Orbitals with fully filled and half-filled electronic
Cl o –349 kJ mol–1
configuration are stable, and require more energy
By considering only magnitude of electron gain
for ionization
enthalpy order is Po < Te < F < Cl
Elements with greater electronegativity require more
By Considering electron gain enthalpy with sign
energy for ionisation
order is Cl < F < Te < Po
Hence the correct order is C > D > A > B
60. Answer (4)
68. Answer (3)
Tellurium is metalloid
Element Electron gain enthalpy (kJ mol–1)
61. Answer (1)
Rb –47
Element E is Selenium
Cs –46
The element which is just above ‘E’ in periodic table
is sulphur, its electronic configuration is 1s2, 2s2, Electron gain enthalpy of noble gases is almost
2p6, 3s2, 3p4 zero.

62. Answer (4) Hence the correct option is (3).

The element with electronic configuration [Rn]
5f146d17s2 has atomic number o 103
? Its IUPAC name is : Unniltrium
63. Answer (4)
The first ionisation energy increase from left to right
along 2nd period with the following exceptions
IE1 : Be > B and N > O
This is due to stable configuration of Be in comparison
to B and that of N in comparison to O.
Hence the correct order is N > O > Be > B
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69. Answer (1)
Metallic character increases top to bottom in group
and decreases left to right in a period.
Mg is from second group it will be less metallic than
Na. Be comes above Mg hence less metallic than
Mg. Si is more metallic than phosphorous.
70. Answer (3)
The first ionisation enthalpy of Al would be more
than that of (sodium) Na but less than that of
(silicon) Si and (magnesium) Mg.
Thus first ionisation enthalpy of Al would be
577 kJ/mole.
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71. Answer (4)

– ve charge
Correct order of ionic radii: Ionic radii P + ve charge
O–2 > Mg+2
Hence, correct order of ionic radii is
This is because among isoelectronic species, the
size of anions are greater than the size of Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2– < N3–
cations. Statement (II) is correct as both O–2 and 73. Answer (2)
Mg+2 are isoelectronic. Nitrogen has half filled p-orbitals which is stable.
72. Answer (1) Due to this it’s 1st ionization energy is more than
For isoelectronic species oxygen.

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