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Smith, Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, 5e

Chapter 11: Betty Neuman’s Systems Model

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Neuman’s theory includes an accordion-like mechanism that protects the normal line of

defense. This mechanism is called:

A. The accordion line of defense.

B. The defense line buffer.

C. The flexible line of defense.

D. The stressor defense line.

ANS: C

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2. Neuman defines the client’s usual state of wellness as:

A. The flexible line of defense.

B. The normal line of defense.

C. The stressor defense line.

D. The accordion defense line.

ANS: B

3. Neuman’s system suggests that __________________ is/are activated after the normal line of

defense is penetrated by stressors.

A. The flexible line of defense

B. The accordion line of defense

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Smith, Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, 5e

C. Client resistance factors

D. Lines of resistance

ANS: D

4. Neuman identifies ___________ client variables.

A. Three

B. Six

C. Five

D. Nine

ANS: C

5. Neuman calls the process whereby energy moves toward evolution as a system absorbs energy
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to increase its organization, complexity, and development when it moves toward a steady or

wellness state:

A. Negentropy.

B. Hypertrophy.

C. Entropy.

D. Dynatrophy.

ANS: A

6. Neuman calls the process whereby energy moves toward extinction by gradual

disorganization, increasing randomness, and energy dissipation:

A. Negentropy.

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Smith, Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, 5e

B. Hypertrophy.

C. Entropy.

D. Dynatrophy.

ANS: C

7. Neuman states that the _________ variable is on a continuum of development that penetrates

all other client system variables and supports the client’s optimal wellness.

A. Physiological

B. Psychological

C. Developmental

D. Spiritual

ANS: D
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8. Neuman defined ________ broadly as “all internal and external factors or influences

surrounding the identified client or client system.”

A. Ecosystem

B. Environment

C. Wellness

D. Nursing

ANS: B

9. _______________ penetrate(s) the lines of defense to cause illness.

A. Stressors

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Smith, Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, 5e

B. Lines of resistance

C. Negentropy

D. Pathogens

ANS: A

10. The ______________________ offers a protective coping shield that helps the client to

function and stimulate the client’s health.

A. Created environment

B. Spiritual variable

C. Extrapersonal environment

D. Physiological variable

ANS: A
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11. Select the dimensions of interacting variables. Select all that apply:

A. Community variables

B. Psychological variables

C. Developmental variables

D. Family variables

E. Intrapersonal variables

ANS: B & C

12. What are the dimensions of stressors?

A. Intrapersonal stressors

B. Spiritual stressors

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Smith, Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, 5e

C. Mutual stressors

D. Environmental stressors

ANS: A

13. What is the definition of created environment-physiological variable?

A. The meaning a person ascribes to the physical shape of his/her body and function.

B. The meaning the person ascribes to his/her personality and way emotions are expressed.

C. The meaning the person ascribes to the extent his/her interactions with others.

D. The meaning the person ascribes to his/her spiritual well-being.

ANS: A

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