MEASURING

THE PROBLEM
GROUP 7
Overview

1 MEASURING THE PROBLEM

2 GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

BASED ON ANALYSIS

3 TYPES OF DATA AND MEASUREMENT SCALES

4 SPECIFYING THE STATISTICAL TEST

MEASURING THE PROBLEM

Defining the problem exactly is vital to

obtain accurate data about it.

The problem must be translated into

specific questions or objectives and be
expressed in terms of variables.
For the latter type of variable, one way to develop
its index of measurement is to tap the behaviors
associated with a concept.

CONCEPT: CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN ONLINE ORDERING SYSTEM.

 There are at least two
types of variables:

1. Variables that lend themselves to

objective and precise measurement
such as:
a. those objects that can be physically
measured by some calibrated
instruments.
2. Variables that do not lend
themselves to accurate measurement
because of their subjective nature as
these pertain to people's subjective
feelings, attitudes, and perceptions.

b. those data representing several

demographic characteristics of the
individuals.
 Dimensions:

CONVENIENCE VARIETY OF PRODUCTS

DELIVERY TIME DELIVERY

Need for statistical data analysis

Research, especially in the field of business,

greatly involves collection of "observation."
Observations are almost always subject to
random errors.

Statistical data analysis is used to examine the

gathered and organized data in terms of the
characteristics, patterns, trends, differences or
similarities, and relationships, with the aim to
answer research questions or address study
objectives.
Performing statistical data analysis
PERFORMING DATA ANALYSIS USUALLY INVOLVES FOUR BASIC
STEPS:

1 DIAGNOSE THE PROBLEM

2 SPECIFY THE STATISTICAL TEST

3 PERFORM THE SPECIFIED TEST TO GENERATE

RESULTS
4 INTERPRET DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS
 Diagnosing the problem

In diagnosing the problem, the following

questions will be considered:
1. What are the questions to be answered?
2. What is the analysis required by the
question?
3. What is the type of data involved?
General classifications of research
questions based on analysis

01 Descriptive

02 Comparative

03 Correlational
Types of data and measurement scales
Data are specific observations that describe
certain variables gathered on or from individuals.

Qualitative data - a is information

derived from a variable that is
categorical in nature; meanwhile,
quantitative data is information
derived from a variable that is
numerical in nature.

1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
 Specifying the statistical
test

Your choice of statistical

analysis should be made prior
to the conduct of the study.
You can use the flowchart as
your guide in choosing what
statistic to use (see Figure
5.1)
Typical descriptive research
measuring tools
1. Descriptive statistics

2.Frequency table (with frequency and percent)

3.Charts (pie chart, bar chart, histogram, etc.)

4.Mean interpretation table (with the scale, its range for

measurement purposes, scale description, and the
mean interpretation)
 Typical correlational and comparative
research measuring tools

1 CORRELATIONS 7 MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS

2 T-TEST

3 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

4 SCALES RELIABILITY TEST

5 FACTOR ANALYSIS

6 NORMALITY TEST
Thank
You!!