Data Analysis
Chi-square
Descriptive Analysis
Refers to the description of the data from a particular
sample; that means that the conclusion must refer to one sample.
Summarize the data and describe sample characteristics.
Descriptive Statistics
Are numerical values obtained from the sample
that gives meaning to the data collected.
Frequency Distribution
A systematic arrangement of numeric values from lowest to highest
or highest to lowest.
Classification of Descriptive Analysis
B. Measures of Central Tendency
A statistical index that describes the average if the set values
1. Mean - a numeric values in distribution that occurs most
frequently
2. Median - an index of average position in a distribution of numbers
3. Mode- the point on the score that is equal to the sum of the score
divided by the total number of scores.
C. Measure of Variability
Statistics that concern the degree to which the scores in a distribution
are different from or similar to each other.
1. Range
the distance between the highest score
and the lowest score in a distribution
Example: The range for learning center A 500 (750 - 250) and the
range for learning center is about (650- 350)
2. Standard Deviation
The most commonly used measure of variability
that indicates the average to which the scores deviate
from the mean.
Inferential Analysis
The use of statistical tests, either to test for significant
relationships among variables or to find statistical
support for the hypothesis.
Inferential Statistics
- Are numerical values that enable the researcher to
draw conclusions about a population based on the
characteristics of a population sample.
- Based on the laws of probability
Level of Significance
An important factor in determining the
representativeness of the sample population and the
degree to which the chance affects the findings.
- The level of significance is a numerical value
selected by the researcher before the data
collection to indicate the probability of erroneous
findings being accepted as true. This value
typically as 0.01 or 0.05.
Some statistical test for inferential analysis
1. T-test
2. ANOVA
3.
Data Interpretation
Interpretation
takes the results of analysis, makes inferences pertinent to the
research relations studies, and draws conclusions about these
relations.
Importance of Data Interpretation:
1. To establish continuity in research through linking the result of a
given study with those of another
2. Establishment if some explanatory concept.
Steps in Data Interpretation
1. Define the research question
clearly define the research question. This will help you to focus your
analysis and ensure that you are interpreting the data in a way that is
relevant to your research objectives.
2. Collect the data
The next step is to collect the data. This can be done through a variety
of methods such as surveys, interviews, observation, or secondary
data sources.
3. Clean and Organize the data
Once the data has been collected, it is important to clean and organize
it. This involves checking for errors, inconsistencies, and missing
data. Data cleaning can be a time-consuming process, but it is
essential to ensure that the data is accurate and reliable.
4. Analyze the Data
The next step is to analyze the data. This can
involve using statistical software or other tools to
calculate summary statistics, create graphs and
charts, and identify patterns in the data.
5. Interpret the results
Once the data has been analyzed, it is important to interpret the
results. This involves looking for patterns, trends, and relationships in
the data. It also involves drawing conclusions based on the results of
the analysis.
6. Communicate the Findings
The final step is to communicate the findings. This can involve
creating reports, presentations, or visualizations that summarize the
key findings of the analysis. It is important to communicate the
findings in a way that is clear and concise, and that is tailored
to the audience’s needs.