PRE-CAL (STM 001)

REVIEWER

COVERAGE MODULE 2-13

MODULE 2 (ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE)

Series- Sum of all given elements in a sequence.
Sequence- Contained arranged terms and it is an ordered list of numbers.
Finite- (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Infinite- (2, 4, 6, 8, …....)

MODULE 3 (MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION)

Proof by Mathematical Induction:
1.) Write out the statement P1, Pk, and Pk + 1
2.) Show that P1 is true
3.) Assume that Pk is true. From this assumption (it is never necessary to prove Pk explicitly) it shows that
the truth Pk + 1 follows.
4.) Conclude that Pn bold for all n.
MODULE 4 (BINOMIAL EXPANSION USING PASCAL’S TRAINGLE)

MODULE 5 (COMBINATION AND BIOMIAL THEOREM)

MODULE 7 (CONVERTING DEGREE MEASURE TO RADIAN MEASURE AND VICE VERSA)

REVOLUTION DEGREE RADIAN

1 360° 2𝜋
1/2 180° 𝜋
𝜋 180°
Thus, 1°= 1rad=
180° 𝜋
 𝜋
• To convert degrees to radian, multiply the given number of degrees by .
180°

180°
• To convert radian to degrees, multiply the given number of degrees by .
𝜋

A.

B. CONVERTING DEGREES TO DMS FORM AND VICE VERSA.

 MODULE 8 (ILLIUSTRATING ANGLES IN STANDARD POSITION AND CO-TERMINAL ANGLES)
•An angle is in standard position when its vertex is at the origin and its side coincides with the positive
side of the x-axis. The ray in the x-axis is called the initial side and the other ray is called the terminal
side.
•Coterminal angles are two angles in which placed in standard position, have coincident, or overlapping
terminal sides. Their measure differs from an integral multiple of 360°.
Note: The angle is measured by the amount of rotation from the initial side to the terminal side. If
measured in a counterclockwise direction the measurement is negative. (A negative associated with an
angle’s ”direction” of measurement, clockwise.)

Example: The angles 120° and -240° are coterminal angles.

*When finding the positive coterminal angle just add +360° (if it’s on degree form)
- But if it’s on radian form just add 2 𝜋

*When finding the negative coterminal angle just subtract -360° (if it’s on degree from)
- But if it’s on radian form just subtract -2 𝜋
 MODULE 9 (ILLUSTRATING THE DIFFERENT CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS)
•When determining and finding the value of r, use this table

•Formula for the value of r:

r=√ 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2
•Make sure to always eliminate the radical and simplify the radical. How to eliminate radical:

•Always use this cross-multiplying method every time you encounter division of fractions:

MODULE 10 (REFERENCE ANGLE)

 •This time, r is not included, and you can directly use it when finding the following values of only one
trigonometric function.

•These are the following value of 30, 45, 60 and 90 degree angle in a reference angle on a cartesian
plane:

30°= 1
60°= √ 3 *Note: These are the value of Opposite, Adjacent, and Hypotenuse if it’s a 30, 60, and 90
90°= 2

45°= 1
45°= 1 *Note: These are the value of Opposite, Adjacent, and Hypotenuse if it’s a 45, 45, and 90
90°= √ 2
∅ - is the reference angle, which you can use to determine the Opposite, Adjacent and Hypotenuse Side
*Note: The sign of every values depends on which quadrant it belongs.
 *Reference Angle is the angle between the x-axis and terminal side.

MODULE 11 (GRAPHING SINE AND COSINE)

EXAMPLE:

•If you want to graph the sine and cosine, you need to find the amplitude, period and five key points
(FKP) first.
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝜋
•Formula of Five Key Points (FKP)= , then add continuously until you arrive at 5th FKP.
4 2
EXAMPLE:
MODULE 12 (DERIVING FUNDAMENTAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES AND SIMPLIFYING
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS)
•Memorize all of these identities so you can simplify trigonometric equations.

EXAMPLE:
 MORE EXAMPLES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkpRkOKkaCw