Electrical Engineering Department Date: 11/3/2021

4th year Duration: 3 hours

First Term Exam 2020/2021 Course Name: High Voltage Eng. (2)
Course Code: EPE415
• Illustrate your answers with sketches when necessary • No. of questions : 3
• The exam consists of one sheet (two pages) • Total Mark: 80 Marks

Answer all of the following Questions

Question (1) [25 marks]

1a) State and explain Dalziel time-current relationship for the primary shock. [7 marks]
Q1. The relationship reflects the Effect of Duration. The longer the duration, the more severe the internal heating of
tissues. Keep in mind that with 110-220 V, the individual may become incapable of letting go. Charles Dalziel carried
out research on the time-current relationship for the primary shock -as shown in figure (1.2)- given as:
K
I=
Where: t
I: ventricular fibrillation current in mA t : time duration of current in seconds

K: is a constant, K=116 for 0.5% of population (sensitive population) K=157 for utility workers weighing more than
70 kg
1600
Less than 70 kg
1400 More than 70 kg
fibrillation current in mA

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
time in mS

1b) Mention some of the assumptions usually used to simplify the complexity of calculation of the
ELF/EMFs for 3 phase transmission line configurations. [8 marks]
1. The earth is assumed as a perfect conductor
2. The conductors are assumed to be smooth infinitely long cylinders parallel to each other and to the ground
3. The conductors are assumed to be equipotential surface with known potentials
4. The ground plane is assumed to be of zero potential
5. The influence of conductor support structures and of any objects in the vicinity is neglected
6. In case of bundle conductors, the sub-conductors are replaced by an equivalent conductor carrying total
current per phase and located at the symmetry axis of the sub-conductors
7. Charge distribution around the conductor is assumed as uniform
8. The influence of conductor sagging is neglected
9. Conductors height above ground is taken as the minimum height

1c) Sketch and discuss the effects of both height and conductor spacing on the lateral electric field
distribution at ground under a 3 phase vertical transmission line. [10 marks]
 Lateral Electric field distribution at different Conductors Height at mid span; SB = 12 m, H = (80%-120%) HB.

The relation between the maximum electric field at the ground level and the conductor height at the mid span

Lateral Electric field distribution at different Conductors Spacing; HB = 9 m, S = (80%-120%) SB.

The relation between the maximum electric field at the ground level and the conductor spacing.
Brief discussion:

- Curves are symmetrical about the center of tower and has three peaks.

- The first peak occurs at the center of tower under the center phase.

- The other two peaks occur approximately under the outer phases. This may be due to the fact that Eg is the vector
summation of electric field due to each phase.

-The maximum electric field at the ground level (Egm) decreases by about 50% by changing the conductor height at
the mid span by 25%.
-The maximum electric field at the ground level (Egm) increases by about 10% by changing the conductor spacing by
25%(increase).

-changing of the conductor height at the mid span is more remarkable than changing the conductor spacing.

Question (2) [30 marks]

2a).
[5 marks]
2b)
i. [5 marks]

2c) [5 marks]

(page 1/2 )

Question (3) [25 marks]

3a). [3 marks]

3b)
[3 marks]

3c)
[4 marks]

Questions/ Competences: Q 1 (a 1 , b 1, b 3, c 2, c 3, d 2 ) - Q 2 (a 2 , b 2 , , b 6 , c 3, d 3 ) - Q 3 (a 11 ,b 3 , c 8 ) – Q 4 (c 7 , d 7 )
Examiners boards: Dr. M. Anwar, Dr. M. Badawy, Dr. E. Shalan

"‫"أﻧﺘﮭﺖ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ (page 2/2 )

Benha University Course Name: High Voltage Eng. (2)
Faculty of engineering at Shobra Course Code: EPE415
Electrical Engineering Department Date: 11/3/2021
4th year Elec. Power and Machines Duration: 3 hours
First Term Exam 2020/2021
• Illustrate your answers with sketches when necessary • No. of questions : 3
• The exam consists of one sheet (two pages) • Total Mark: 80 Marks

Answer all of the following Questions

Question (1) [25 marks]
1a) State and explain the Dalziel time-current relationship for the primary shock. [7 marks]

1b) Mention some of the assumptions usually used to simplify the complexity of calculation of the
ELF/EMFs for 3-phase transmission line configurations. [8 marks]

1c) Sketch and discuss the effects of both height and conductor spacing on the lateral electric field
distribution at ground under a 3 phase vertical transmission line. [10 marks]

Question (2) [30 marks]

2a) Circuit breakers keep electrical circuits from being damaged by short circuits or overloads.
Discuss this statement then Mention the different classifications of circuit breakers. [7Marks]

2b) State the different rating characteristics of circuit breakers? Then Give a brief discussion for
only three of them. [6 Marks]

2c) Differentiate between the types of low voltage earthing Systems and what are the criteria
recommended for using each of them. [8 Marks]

2d) A power line insulator is partially failed and 10A passes through the tower structure to the
ground. Assume that the tower ground is a hemisphere with a radius of 0.5 meter, and the soil
surrounding the hemisphere is moist. [9 Marks]

1) Compute the voltage of the tower.

2) Assume that a man with a body resistance of 3kΩ touches the tower while standing on the
ground. Compute the current passing through the man.
3) Use Dalziel formula and compute the man’s survival time.

(page 1/2 )
 Question (3) [25 marks]
3a) What is the importance of the HV cable screen? [5 marks]

3b) A residential building tower of 50m height has been built above a hilltop, the building has 25m
length and width. The building location is subject to a probable number of thunderstorm days
per year of 5 requires. Specify if this building need a lighting protection system or not according
to the IEC standard. The building coefficients are C 1 =2, C 2 =1, C 3 =4, C 4 =1, C 5 =5. [7 marks]

3c) A single core cable feeds a load of 33kV and 10MW at 0.85 power factor. The single core lead
sheathed cable has a conductor radius of 1.5 cm; the radius of the cable being 4.5 cm. The cable
insulation is graded by using two dielectrics of relative permittivity 5 and 4, respectively with
the corresponding safe working stresses of 30 kV/cm and 20 kV/cm. Calculate the following:

- The radial thickness of each insulating layer.

- The safe working voltage of the cable.

For the ungraded cable of 20kV/cm safe working stress with the same dimensions and
relative permittivity of 4, calculate the following:

- What will be the safe working voltage?

- What will be the charging current if the cable of 3km length is used on 33kV and 50Hz
system?

- What the impact of the charging current on the HV network and the load.

Questions/ Competences: Q 1 (A4, A5) - Q 2 (A4, C3) - Q 3 (B1, B4, C3)

Examiners boards: Dr. M. Anwar, Dr. M. Badawy, Dr. E. Shalan

"‫"أﻧﺘﮭﺖ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ (page 2/2 )